• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.321-326
• /
• 1993

Membrane separation technology with polymeric membranes for the effective separation and energy conservation has emerged to be a new technology for separation in recent years. In this research, the reverse osmosis process was applied to the concentration process of clarified apple juices. The changes of concentration and permeate flux of apple juice in this process were measured at different membrane characteristics, operating pressures, temperature and flow rate. And the changes of quality were also measured at different pressures. The prediction model for the permeate flux based on these data was established. Generally, the osmotic pressure increased as the concentration of the feed increased in the RO process, which caused a reduction of permeate flux. The changes of permeate flux were not much dependent on temperature and flow rate, but very much dependent on pressure. The most effective factor in increased permeate flux was found to be the operating pressure, followed by temperature and flow rate. The final prediction model for the permeate flux was developed by the $SPSS^x$ computer program. The result showed that recovery of sugar was not affected by processing pressures, but the percentage recovery of total flavor was increased with increasing pressure.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.315-322
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to explore the association between daily toothbrushing frequency and health risk behaviors of school-going adolescents in poor urban areas of Peru. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 959 school-going adolescents 11~19 years of age in poor urban areas of Peru in 2014. Health risk behaviors we assessed in the study were smoking; drinking; consuming sugar-sweetened soft drinks (more than one cup); leisure time activities including watching television, playing games, and using the Internet; and never or rarely handwashing with soap. Daily toothbrushing frequency was divided into two groups (once and twice daily). For statistical analyses, the chi-square test and hierarchical logistic regression were used at 5% level of significance. Of the total respondents, 63 (14.3%) were boys and 53 (10.3%) were girls and 116 (12.1%) engaged in toothbrushing (${\leq}1$ times daily). According to the adjusted logistic regression analysis for socio-demographic characteristics, two behaviors (leisure time use activities, including watching television, playing games, and using the Internet (odds ratio [OR], 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20~4.35), and never or rarely hand washing with soap (OR, 4.09; CI, 2.48~6.75) were statistically associated with toothbrushing frequency (${\leq}1$ times daily). We found two health risk behaviors (leisure time activities, including watching television, playing games, and using the Internet, and never or rarely handwashing with soap) associated with toothbrushing frequency among adolescents in the study area. Thus, oral health promotion programs should consider these health risk behaviors associated with toothbrushing frequency.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.223-230
• /
• 2012

Some high frequency sounds alter physiological processes of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. This study investigated the effect of ultrasound (${\geq}$ 20 kHz) on larval feeding, pupal development, and adult mating behavior of S. exigua. Ultrasound suppressed feeding behavior of fifth instar larvae, and 30 or 45 kHz treatment inhibited more than 50% of feeding activity. Larvae treated with ultrasound exhibited alterations in major nutrient compositions in the hemolymph plasma. Plasma protein levels decreased with an increase in ultrasound frequency. In contrast, sugar levels increased with an increase in ultrasound frequency. Lipid levels increased with an increase in ultrasound frequency up to 30 kHz and then decreased at treatments > 30 kHz. Hemocytes, the fat body, and epidermis expressed three heat shock proteins and apolipophorin III. Ultrasound treatment markedly inhibited expression of some stress-related genes. Ultrasound treatment also inhibited S. exigua pupal development by extending the pupal developmental period and preventing adult emergence. Last, ultrasound treatment significantly inhibited adult mating behavior, which resulted in a significant decrease in female fecundity. These results show that ultrasound is a physiological stress to S. exigua.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.252-258
• /
• 2006

To find the optimum extraction condition of dried omija, central composite experimental design having three independent variable (extraction temperature, extraction time and water ratio) with five levels was conducted for response surface analysis. The maximum of soluble solid was predicted to the extraction conditions of over 25 fold water ratio, $7{\sim}8hr$ and $75^{\circ}C$. Total acid, total phenol, reducing sugar and vitamin C were predicted to respectively 30 fold water ratio, 6 hr, $70^{\circ}C$, 30 fold water ratio, $6{\sim}7\;hrs,\;80^{\circ}C$ and 30 fold water ratio, $6{\sim}8\;hr,\;80^{\circ}C$, 25 fold water ratio, $5{\sim}6hr,\;80^{\circ}C$ extraction condition. Turbidity of extraction condition. Turbidity of extraction condition was 7 over 25 ford water ratio and over $60^{\circ}C$. From the superimposing results of response variables, the optimum extraction condition was predicted 25 folds water ratio, 6 hr and $65{\sim}70^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.940-955
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.444-453
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we made sausages which included 1% black garlic extracts at $15^{\circ}Bx$ mixed with 0.3% dried powders of Curcuma longa L. (ST1), Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (ST2), Asparagus ocinals L. (ST3) and Aloe vera (ST4), respectively, and evaluated the quality of the sausage by instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation. The sausages were stored at $8^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. In terms of color intensity, ST2 provided the highest lightness (L) and redness (a), while the yellowness (b) was the highest in ST3. In the initial duration, the control group of sausage showed the highest texture measurement. ST4 had the lowest pH level (highest acidity). These outcomes decreased as the storage time became longer. In the initial storage duration, the ST4 had the highest total sugar content ($17.64{\pm}0.92mg/100g$), and this increased with longer storage duration. Since the contents of TBARS for the proposed sausages had been incremented, the initial contents were generally lower than those of the control sausages. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was performed as $89.11{\pm}0.66{\sim}99.22{\pm}0.09%$ at the $1000{\mu}g/mL$ level during the initial day of storage. To conclude, the sausages supplemented the black garlic with the proposed dried powders have a high chance of being a suitable commercial product for both customs and marketing eld.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.8
• /
• pp.1220-1226
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of yanggaeng prepared with different amounts of aronia juice. Aronia juice was incorporated into yanggaeng at different levels (containing 50, 100, and 150 g of aronia juice in AJ 50, AJ 100, and AJ 150, respectively) based on the total weight of water. Total acidity and sugar contents showed a significant increase, however, pH showed a decrease with increasing levels of aronia juice. Hardness also showed an increase with increasing levels of aronia juice. Regarding texture profile analysis, hardness, springiness, and chewiness of yanggaeng were increased, however, cohesiveness was similar compared to the control and aronia juice added treatments. In chromaticity determination, L and b values showed a decrease, however, a value increased with increasing levels of aronia juice. The total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin contents were increased proportionally with increasing levels of aronia juice. Antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were significantly higher than those of control and increased proportionally according to the concentration of aronia juice. The sensory evaluation indicated that AJ 100 showed the best preference in color, taste, texture, flavor, and overall acceptance. These results suggest that aronia juice may be a useful ingredient in yanggaeng for improvement of quality and antioxidant potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.505-510
• /
• 1999

The seasonal variations of chemical composition of jujuba leaf were studied by analyzing general composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, mineral, phenol, condensed tannin, flavonoid contents. Fresh jujuba leaf contained 4.42~6.31% protein and 4.31~5.71% fat on wet basis. Jujuba leaf was rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid and leucine, but methionine was a limiting amino acid. Four kinds of free sugar, i.e. glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose were found in jujuba leaf. The contents of fructose and glucose increased during growth, while the contents of disaccharides, sucrose and maltose, decreased. The main fatty acids of the leaf were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. Jujuba leaf was rich in K, Na and Ca, however, the amounts of Fe, Mn and Cu were low. The contents of Ca and Na increased during growth but the content of Mg decreased. The content of total phenolic compound was 0.83~0.89% and the content of condensed tannin was 0.40~0.45%. Two major flavonoids such as rutin and isoquercitrin were detected and their contents were 103.8~125.2mg/kg and 26.2~40.0mg/kg, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.340-347
• /
• 2019

This study investigated the brewing properties of rice beer made with yeast isolated from traditional whole wheat nuruk. The experimental method was followed by alcohol fermentation and quality analysis for six months after separating the yeast from nuruk. The yeasts isolated from traditional nuruk showed normal fermentation characteristics, like those of commercial yeast, in terms of alcohol production capability, sugar content, and pH reducing power. Especially, the yeast (KCCM 301) isolated from whole wheat nuruk showed higher contents of glycogen and trehalose than that of commercial yeast, and so KCCM 301 yeast has excellent yeast vitality. Meanwhile, the yeast (KCCM 90301) isolated from traditional Nuruk produced significantly higher alcohol and ester contents than that of commercial yeast. This has a positive effect for supplementing the taste and aroma of rice beer. In conclusion, the yeasts isolated from whole wheat nuruk showed the general alcohol fermentation pattern and aroma content of rice beer. These yeasts seem to be effective in strengthening the flavor of rice beer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.673-680
• /
• 2015

In this study, the immune-enhancing effects of purified polysaccharides from ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) tunic were investigated. Crude polysaccharides (AP) were isolated by enzyme extraction (neutrase, $60^{\circ}C$, 15h), ethanol precipitation, and lyophilization. In addition, crude polysaccharides were further fractionated into unabsorbed fractions (APF-I, fraction No. 11~17) and absorbed fractions (APF-II, fraction No. 22~37) by DEAE-sepharose CL-6B column chromatography in order to isolate immune regulating polysaccharide. The major constituents in APF-I and APF-II were total sugar (66.62% and 27.03%), uronic acid (47.53% and 15.87%), hexosamine (16.62% and 46.79%), and protein (2.43% and 4.94%), respectively. APF-I increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin (IL)-6 in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression levels of inducible NO synthetase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-6 were markedly increased as determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis. The above data led us to conclude that macrophage activation of purified polysaccharides was higher than that of crude polysaccharides. The polysaccharides isolated from ascidian tunic investigated herein are useful as natural immune enhancing agents.