• 비교문화연구
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• 제43권
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• pp.79-113
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• 2016

본고는 근대 일본 여성운동의 궤적을 '모성' '참정권' '전쟁'이라는 세 가지 키워드를 중심으로 통시적으로 고찰하되, 궁극적으로는 이 모든 것이 일본이라는 '국가'와 어떤 관계를 이루었는가라는 관점에서 다룬 것이다. 특히 국가의 입장에서 여성에 대한 정책 등을 살핀 것이 아니라 여성들의 입장에서, 즉 이들이 '국가를 향해 어떠한 기대를 품었는가'라는 관점에서 히라쓰카 라이초(平塚らいてう)와 이치카와 후사에(市川房枝)라는 두 인물을 축으로 삼아 다루었다는 특징이 있다. '국가에 의한 모성의 보호'를 기대했던 히라쓰카는 신부인협회(新婦人協會)를 통해 전개했던 의회 청원운동의 실패를 끝으로 국가에 대한 기대를 사실상 접게 된다. 반면 미국 여성참정권 획득에 자극을 받은 이치카와는 여성의 참정권 획득을 위한 의회 청원운동을 포기하지 않았으며, 이 때문에 - 비록 대개는 생활문제의 개선이라는 방식이기는 했지만 - 당국으로부터의 전쟁협력 요구에도 응하지 않을 수 없었다. 이처럼 국가를 향한 '기대'는 근대 일본 여성운동을 견인하는 주된 원동력이었지만, 한편으로는 - 이치카와가 공직에서 추방되는 것으로 상징되듯- 침략전쟁의 협력의 오명을 쓰게 되는 원인이 되기도 했다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2013

오늘날 우리의 경제규모 확대와 세계화의 흐름에 의해서 국내에 장기 거주하는 외국인이 날로 증가하고 있다. 장기거주외국인들은 본국의 국적을 그대로 가지면서 생활하지만 체류국의 정치적 결정에 의해 생활에 중대한 영향을 받고 있다. 외국인에게 참정권이 인정되지 않는 것은 국민주권의 원리상 당연한 것으로 치부되어 왔지만 국민주권원리의 동요, 선진외국의 동향, 국가와 지방자치단체의 성질상의 차이, 혹은 외국인의 실태 등을 근거로 해서 외국인이기 때문에 참정권이 부정된다는 주장에 대해 반론이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔다. 지방선거에서 외국인에게 선거권을 허용한 이상 피선거권만을 제한하는 현행 공직선거법의 태도는 특별한 이유 없이 선거권과 피선거권을 차별하는 불합리한 입법태도라고 지적할 수 있다. 선거권과 피선거권을 달리 취급해야 할 합리적 이유가 없는 데도 외국인에게 피선거권은 부여하지 않는 것은 불합리한 차별이다. 본고에서는 외국인에 대한 참정권부여를 둘러싸고 벌어지는 헌법적 논점에 관하여 서술하고 일본을 비롯한 유럽각국의 입법례를 살펴본 다음 외국인 참정권 중에서 피선거권을 중심으로 우리 공직선거법에의 도입가능성을 검토해 보고자 한다.

• 정보화정책
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.67-90
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• 2022

코로나-19 팬데믹 정점에서 치러진 2022년 3월 대통령선거는 확진자와 격리자가 투표권을 제대로 보장하지 못해 보통선거의 원칙이 훼손되었다는 비판을 크게 받게 되었다. 따라서 이들의 투표권을 보장하기 위해서는 현행 종이투표 투표소 투표의 시공간적 제한을 근본적으로 뛰어넘을 수 있는 전자투표에 대한 고민이 필요하다. 문제는 보통선거권 확대로 평등·직접·비밀선거의 원칙과 충돌하거나 침해할 소지가 높아지는 점을 어떻게 해결해 나가느냐는 것이다. 이에 대한 시사점을 얻기 위해 2005년 전자투표를 도입한 이래 11번의 전국 선거를 별 탈 없이 진행하고 있는 에스토니아의 사례를 살펴보았다. 에스토니아는 선거의 원칙에 대한 정치적·헌법적 합의와 함께 전자투표 운영에 대한 사회-기술적 시스템 전반에 걸친 제도화 및 일상화를 통해 시스템, 정부, 사회에 대한 신뢰를 성공적으로 구축해왔다. 이에 우리도 기술적 발전과 수준에서 전자투표의 가능성만을 따져보는 것이 아니라 규범적인 관점에서 선거의 원칙 간의 갈등을 조정해 사회적 합의를 이끌어내는 신뢰 구축을 위한 논의가 선행되어야 할 것이다.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 그리드 시스템의 스케줄링 알고리즘을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있는 웹 기반의 스케줄링 툴킷(GridTool2)를 소개한다. 그리고 기존 MinMin과 Suffrage 스케줄링 알고리즘에 통신비용을 적용하여 성능이 향상된 수정 알고리즘을 제안한다. GridTool2는 서버와 데이터베이스를 기반으로 웹 환경에서 동작하므로 별도의 컴파일이나 실행 환경을 구축하지 않아도 된다. GridTool2는 통신비용과 함께 성능분석을 위한 변수들을 웹에서 입력하며, 시뮬레이션 결과를 웹페이지에 나타낸다. 통신비용을 적용한 수정된 알고리즘의 향상된 성능을 확인하기 위하여 GridTool2를 사용하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면 기존 알고리즘보다 통신비용을 고려한 수정 알고리즘의 성능이 향상되었으며, 특히 작업량이 많아지면 성능향상의 폭이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.3603-3618
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• 2022

The offloading method is important when there are multiple mobile nodes and multiple edge servers. In the environment, those mobile nodes connect with edge servers with different bandwidths, thus taking different time and energy for offloading tasks. Considering the system load of edge servers and the attributes (the number of instructions, the size of files, deadlines, and so on) of tasks, the energy-aware offloading problem becomes difficult under our mobile edge environment (MCE). Most of the past work mainly offloads tasks by judging where the job consumes less energy. But sometimes, one task needs more energy because the preferred edge servers have been overloaded. Those methods always do not pay attention to the influence of the scheduling on the future tasks. In this paper, first, we try to execute the job locally when the job costs a lower energy consumption executed on the MD. We suppose that every task is submitted to the mobile server which has the highest bandwidth efficiency. Bandwidth efficiency is defined by the sending ratio, the receiving ratio, and their related power consumption. We sort the task in the descending order of the ratio between the energy consumption executed on the mobile server node and on the MD. Then, we give a "suffrage" definition for the energy consumption executed on different mobile servers for offloading tasks. The task selects the mobile server with the largest suffrage. Simulations show that our method reduces the execution time and the related energy consumption, while keeping a lower value in the number of uncompleted tasks.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.239-250
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was primarily aimed at the revealing changes in the aspects of women's clothing derivationed with the women's self-consciousness, liberation movement, women's suffrage and social participation from the mid-l9th century to the mid-20th century. According to the study, the main change of western women's costumes were eradication of corset, emergence of troussers and tailored suit, and transformation of sportwear. So that, women's liberation movement has an deep effect on leading up to a change tendency the functionalization and masculinization of women's costume.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the sociocultural meanings of flapper look in American society during the 1920s. Using the ProQuest database, I searched articles from The New York Times published between 1920 and 1929 for opinions and discussions on the flapper look. Keywords included "clothing," "dress," "fashion," and "flapper," and advertisements and articles on menswear, leisurewear, and bathing suits were excluded. In the resulting articles, I extracted the following sociocultural meanings: autonomy, activeness, practicality, attractiveness, and extravagance. Meanings were analyzed from the opinions and discussions focusing on skirt length, dresses that directly and indirectly exposed the body, heavy make-up, non-constricting underwear, the H-line dress, bobbed hair, hygiene, comfort, and consumption. In sum, the 1920s flapper look represented progressive characteristics such as autonomous and active womanhood and practicality, which matched the technological development of the time. However, the flapper look was commercialized and exploited to make women look attractive and extravagant. Even though American women had access to higher education, more economic power, and suffrage in the 1920s, they were limited in their ability to overcome social conventions and the power of consumerism. Understanding the double-sidedness of flapper look within the social context of the time would enhance the comprehension of the relationship between women's lifestyles and changing fashion.

• 복식
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to understand the process of American women's adoption of knickerbockers from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century. Articles and advertisements related to women's knickerbockers found from The New York Times were used as primary sources. Before 1920, women wore knickerbockers when they participated in sports including gymnasium, bicycling, and swimming. Knickerbockers were mostly worn with overskirts when women appeared in the public. Therefore, knickerbockers were categorized as underwear in the advertisements until the late 1910s. However, knickerbockers were even worn on the streets and in offices after American women gained suffrage in 1920. As more women adopted knickerbockers during the 1920s, the public criticisms and regulations on women's knickerbockers intensified. However, the articles on women's knickerbockers gradually disappeared from The New York Times, as they went out of fashion by the end of the 1920s. Considering the social situation and the change in womanhood during the period, I concluded that American women's adoption process of knickerbockers reflected the increase in women's mobility, and the change in gender roles and the definition of femininity.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2020

Electronic voting is one of information technology service to handle a wide range of functions, including registration, certification, input and results of voting, using electronic technology, depending on the degree of automation. It helps voters exercise their voting rights not only for individual suffrage but also for major corporate decisions as shareholders by expressing their opinions regardless of geographical and time constraints. Such electronic voting helps open and expand voting participation, but on the contrary, it is possible to identify who voted and what kind of vote, such voting cannot guarantee confidentiality. Therefore, if blockchain technology is applied to electronic voting, it can increase the speed of processing and confidentiality by encrypting voting information. In this regard, the study aims to identify institutional issues on how electronic voting can be activated at a company's shareholders' meeting, and to find ways to overcome the limitations of existing electronic voting by utilizing the technical characteristics of blockchain. This study proposes a consortium-type blockchain-based electronic voting system to enhance the convenience and reliability of electronic voting for shareholders' meetings. In addition, this paper suggests how to enhance shareholders' profits through electronic voting at shareholders' meetings, as well as its policy measures and future improvements.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제29권
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• pp.177-199
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• 2012

Nowadays migrations between the countries are getting each day more active and a mixture of people with different cultural backgrounds strengthens the hybridism, whereupon the point of view on the migration of Koreans has been changed from a diasporan perspective to an transnational one. The expansion of the transnationalism affects the identity of the subsequent generations of the immigration giving way to a psychologically deterritorialized social identity, which is an important consideration in the study of subsequent generations of the immigration. This study examined the Korean immigration history and the current status of the Korean community in Spain since the 1960s. The early immigrants like fishing vessel crew members, instructors of Taekwondo, chicken sexers who, despite the limits of foreigners in Spain, went to find out the source of life with no hesitation, overcame the difficulties of the early settlers and finally managed to achieve local success. Current history of immigration that began in the mid-1960s went through the maturity during the 1970s and 80s and the Koreans in Spain these days, who have undergone differentiation in the occupational structure because of the crisis of pelagic fisheries, face new challenges due to changes in the environment of the country they reside. The Korean community is regarded as an 'exemplary minority group (Model Minority)' even though it is a minority group in number. Now that the interest for overseas Koreans is higher than ever at home and abroad, due to the economic growth of the Republic of Korea, the spread of its cultural influence -the Korean Wave as proof-, and the overseas Koreans suffrage conducted, the research of the Korean residents in Spain will be important as an advanced research of an unexplored field, as well as an opportunity to broaden the horizons of the existing study area that has mainly dealt with major regions only.