• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.534-539
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• 1997

In order to reuse enzyme efficiently, a mthod for ionic binding of fructosyltransferase to a porous carrier bearing quaternary alkyl alkanolammonium groups was investigated. The fructosyltransferase activity of the immobilized enzyme increased with increasing amount of loaded enzyme, and maximally reached 770U/g of the carrier when loaded amount of the enzyme was 18.2 mg/g carrier. The immobilized fructosyltransferase had optimum pH and temperature of 7.5 and 45$^{\circ}C$, respectively, whereas soluble enzyme had 6.5 and 55$^{\circ}C$: the Km value for the immobilized enzyme was 27.8 mM for sucrose, which was the same as that of soluble enzyme. In a batch reactor, the enzyme produced a mixture of fructooligosaccharides, mainly F$_2$G, from sucrose with the slight loss of enzyme activity during continuous operation of 12 days at 42$^{\circ}C$.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.345-361
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• 1997

Photoassimilates translocate from regions of carbohydrate synthensis(source) to regions of carbohydrate utilization or storage(sink). In the source, assimilate loads into the phloem for long-distance transport. Current evidence suggests that there are twig loading mechanisms : one involves assimilate transfer via the apoplasm and then load into the phloem by carrier-mediated proton-sucrose cotransport, while the other involves movement through the continuous symplastic connections between the mesophyll cells and the phloem. Inspite of problems associated with the interpretation of experiments, the evidence for apoplastic loading remains convincing because the apoplastic loading systems explains well the observed accumulation capacity arid the selectivity of assimilate uptake by tile phloem.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.253-258
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• 1995

'Ihis experiment was carried out to select a carrier as rhizobium inoculant for alfalfa. The Rhizobium inoculants were produced in main materials(organic and inorganic materials) and submaterial(Ca$CO_3$, and sucrose), and than the changes of Rhizobium population of inoculants were scrutinized from directly after the production to 12 months at $4^{\circ}$C and $25^{\circ}$C. Directly after the production of inoculants, their Rhizobium numbers were 4-9 $\times$ $10^9$/ginoculant in organic materials and 1-8 $\times$ $10^8$/g inoculant in inorganic materials. When they were stored at $25^{\circ}$C, most of inoculants was being started in reduction of rhizobium numbers after 2 months and was reduced by tenfold of initial rhizobium number after 4-6 months, but inoculant of bentonite+ vermiculite+sucrose 1% was not reduced by tenfold after 12 months. When they were stored at $4^{\circ}$C, most of inoculants was being started in reduction of rhizobium numbers after 4 months but was not reduced by tenfold of initial rhizobium number after 12 months, and the effect of sucrose addition to bentonite+ vermiculik did nearly not appear. Preservation of Rhizobium inoculants was more effective at 4C than 25 C . 'Ihe Rhizobium inoalant produced in bentonite+vermiculite(l:3 w/w)+ sucrose 1% was not only high Rhizobium population(8.3 $\times$ $10^8$/g inoculant) but also survival effect of rhizobium in being stored at $25^{\circ}$C.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.353-356
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• 2010

Although liposomes have been applied as drug delivery systems in various fields, the usage was limited due to the low encapsulation efficiency compared to other carrier systems. Here, cationic liposomes were prepared by mixing 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniopropane (DOTAP) as a cationic lipid, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and cholesterol (CH), and the liposomes were hydrated by varying the aqueous phases such as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 5% dextrose, and 10% sucrose in order to improve the encapsulation efficiency of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The particle size and zeta potential were determined by dynamic light scattering method and in vitro release patterns were investigated by spectrophotometry. Particle size and zeta potential of liposomes were varied depending on the ratio of DOTAP/DOPE/CH in range of 270-350 nm and 0.8-9.7 mV, respectively. Moreover, the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) improved the encapsulation efficiency from 37% to 43% as well as reduced particle sizes of liposomes while the liposomes were hydrated in PBS. When the liposomes were hydrated with 10% sucrose, the encapsulation efficiency of BSA was higher than any other groups. Whereas PBS was used as hydration solution, lower encapsulation efficiency was obtained compared with other groups. More than 60% of BSA was released from the liposomes hydrated with 10% sucrose; thereafter another 20% of BSA was released. Therefore, release pattern of BSA from cationic liposomes was extended release in this study. From the results, cationic liposomes dispersed in 10% sucrose would be potential carrier with high encapsulation efficiency.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1998

Streptanthus 조직 배양 세포를 사용하여 사부를 순수분리 시키고, 분리된 사부에서 사부 하적에 대한 기작을 규명하기 위해 다음 연구를 하였다. 유조직 세포는 0.2% macerase 와 0.03% cellulase의 가수분해 효소로 처리하여 원형질체를 얻었고, 분화된 세포에서는 0.03% cellulase + 0.02% pectinase + 0.2% macerase + 0.025% rohamet PC로 가수분해시켜서 순수한 사부 세포와 사부 원형질체와 반세포의 원형질체를 분리하였다. 분리된 유조직 세포와 반세포의 원형질체에서는 단당류인 포도당을 수송시키나, 설탕은 수송시키지 못했다. 반면 분리된 사부 세포는 설탕을 능동수송 시키나 포도당은 수송시키지 못했다. 이는 설탕의 사부 하적은 반세포 없이도 가능하며, 반세포는 설탕 운반체가 없어서 설탕을 직접 수송할 수 있는 능력이 없다는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 그리고 사부 세포에서 설탕의 수송은 에너지대사에 의존하는 능동수송으로 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2008

With different seed adhesion methods, we obtained two different aspects with or without micro-bubble in the interface between a seed and a dense graphite seed holder. To improve the quality of SiC wafer, we introduced a sucrose caramelizing step at the seed adhesion using the sucrose, The n-type 2 inch single crystal exhibiting the polytype of 6H-SiC were successfully fabricated and carrier concentration levels of about $10^{16}/cm^3$ was determined from Hall measurements, As compared to the characteristics of SiC crystal grown with micro-bubble in the interface between the seed and the dense graphite seed holder, the SiC crystal grown without micro-bubble definitely exhibited lower resistivity, lower micropipe density and higher mobility relatively.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.192-198
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• 1990

Three sugar glass dispersions of sulfamerazine were prepared using dextrose, galactose and sucrose as the carriers, with the ratio of the drug to the carrier was 1:9. The chemical stability of sulfamerazine in the glass dispersion system was studied using TLC. TLC revealed no additional spot and there was good correspondence with the Sulfamerazine itself. While time required to dissolve 50%($T_{50%}$) of sulfamerazine powder was 390 min that of dextrose glass dispersion system was 1.5 min. and galactose system was 4.0 min. in distilled water. 23) $T_{50%}$ of physical mixture with dextrose, galactose and sucrose were 26.4 min., 26.5 min., and 26.0 min. respectively in distilled water. $T_{50%}$ of control was 54 min. and those of all of the glass dispersion systems were within 1 min. in 0.1N HCl. The dissolution rates of sulfamerazine from sugar glass dispersion system in distilled water was greater than that in 0.1N HCl.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 1995

To select a carrier as Rhizobiwn inoculants for alfalfa, severeal Rhizobium inoculants were produced by adding or not sub-materials($CaCO_3$ and sucrose) to main materials(organic or inorganic materials). The root nodule bacteria, Rhizobium meliloti 1061 distributed from KAIST, and Vemal alfalfa was used in this experiment. The Rhizobium populations and inoculation effects of the Rhizobium inoculants produced in several materials were scrutinized at laboratory and greenhouse in Livestock Experiment Station, RDA from 1993 to 1994. Moisture contents of the caniers were varied from 32 to 50% on dry weight basis according to material characteristics and the pH ranges of these were varied from pH 4.56 to 10.06 according to raw material characteristics and preparations. Initial Rhizobium numbers of the carriers were higher in organic material-inoculants than in inorganic, and among the inoculants, the inoculant made of Bentonite+Vermiculite(l:3 w/w) was excellent because of high rhizobium population($7.8~8.3\times10^8/g$ inoculant) and high rhizobium reappearance of inoculant in severed different production time. The root nodules of the alfalfa inoculated with different inoculants were fast formed in the fermented sawdust with cattle dung (FSC) inoculant, and bentonite(B)+vermiculite(V) than others. Plant length of alfalfa was differentiated on 15 days after inoculation but was not nearly different between higher inoculants than rhizobium number $10^7/g$ inoculant. Total dry matter of alfalfa was yielded by 20.65, 20.34mg per pot in FSC + sucrose 0.5% and B + V + sucrose 1% inoculants respectively that were higher inoculation effect by 17 times compared with non-inoculation, 1.2 mg per pot.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.6
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• 2023

Salmonella spp. are pathogens involved in most salmonellosis in rabbits. This study examined Salmonella disease in rabbits raised in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam. Two hundred and 56 rectal swabs of rabbits were taken, and a carrier rate of 33.98% was found. In addition, all the isolated Salmonella spp. strains were 100% motile; positive for H₂S, catalase, Voges Proskauer, coagulase, citrate, maltose, and dextrose; and negative for indole, methyl red, urease, oxidase, sucrose, and lactose. The Kirby-Bauer method showed that these Salmonella strains were susceptible to doxycycline (93.2%), tetracycline (84.1%), and levofloxacin (65.9%). On the other hand, they were highly resistant to streptomycin (95.5%), ampicillin (93.2%), colistin (40.9%), and gentamicin (34.1%). Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction used to screen for virulence and specific genes of Salmonella strains showed that all Salmonella strains isolated carried InvA, fimA, and Stn.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.176-181
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• 1980

Invertase의 고정화에 대해서 두가지 carrier matrix를 사용하여 연구하였다. Sepharose에 ${\omega}-aminohexylarm$를 붙인 후 효소를 결합시키는 indirect coupling method와 cellulose에 phenexyacetyl group의 linkage를 만들어 변형시킨 후 (modified cellulose), 여기에 효소를 흡착시키는 hydrophobic adsorption method로서 제조하였다. 각각의 고정화 수율(immobilized yield)은 ${\omega}-aminohexyl\;sepharose$의 경우 첨가한 효소의 26.0%의 activity를 고정화 시킬 수 있었으며, phenoxyacetyl cellulose의 경우는 72.9%였다. 제조한 고정화 효소의 안정성, ph영향, 온도 영향 및 Km값을 조사하였다. ${\omega}-aminohexyl\;Sepharose$에 고정화시킨 invertase근 최적 pH 4.5, 최적 온도 $60^{\circ}C$, 활성화 에너지 $5,941\;cal/mole{\cdot}deg$, Km값 22.2 mM이었으며 phenoxyacetyl cellulose에 고정화시킨 invertase는 최적 pH 4.0, 최적 온도 $60^{\circ}C$, 활성화 에너지 $7,769\;cal/mole{\cdot}deg$, Km 값 69.9mM이었다.