• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 1993

F. seoulensis were obtained from artificially infected albino rats at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days after infection. The worms and metacercariae were washed in physiological saline solution, and fled with 10% neutral formalin. The acetylcholinesterase (AchE) stained by one histochemistry using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate. Eserine, ism-OMPA and BW284C51 were used as inhibitors of AchE. The nervous system consists of three pairs longitudinal nerve trunks interconnected with excretory plexus in posterior half, and phinmc and oral sucker in anterior half of metacercariae and adults. The longitudinal nerve trunks are interconnected with transverse commissures and numerous circular commissures. Considerable numbers of circular commissures are interconnected with longitudinal nerve trunks tying on the surface of the worms. At each stage of juvenile worms, AchE and nonspecific cholinesterase activites were observed in the oral sucker, ventral sucker, pharynx and nerve system. Isoxymes of AchE in f seoderuts were separated into the two bands, 69 kDa and 132 kDa. The major band was 69 kDa.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.217-225
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• 1998

A scanning electron microscopic study was performed to observe surface ultrastructures of excysted metacercariae and adults of Metagonimus miyatai. Metacercariae were collected from the scale of the pale chub (Zacco platypus). and adult flukes were harvested 1-4 weeks after infection to rats. In excysted metacercariae, the oral sucker was devoid of tegumental spines and had type I and type II sensory papillae. Anteriorly to the ventral sucker, spines were dense and digitated into 5-7 points, whereas near the posterior end of the body spines were sparse and digitated into 2-3 points. In one-week adults, 7 type II sensory papillae were arranged around the lip of the oral sucker. and at inner side of the lip one pair of small and two pairs of large type I sensory papillae were seen on each side. The distribution of tegumental spines was similar to that of metacercariae, but they were more differentiated with 9-11 pointed tips. In two- to four- week old adults, the surface ultrastructure was nearly the same as in one-week old adults, however, sperms were frequently seen entering into the Laurer＇s canal. Conclusively, the surface ultrastructure of M. miyatai was generally similar to that of M. yokogawai, however, differentiation of tegumental spines and distribution of sensory papillae around the oral sucker were different between the two species. which may be of taxonomic significance.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1989

A scanning electron microscopic study was performed to observe the tegumental ultrastructures of Paragonimus iloktuenensis according to its developmental stages. The metacercariae were obtained from the liver of the brackish water crab, Sesarma dehaani. Juvenile and adult p. iloktsuenensis were recovered from the experimental rats on 2, 4 and 8 weeks after infection. The findings were summarized as follows: 1. The encysted metacercariae were charaeteristically gourd-shape, with their whole body surface beset with numerous spade-shape spines. The Barge, type II sensory papillae (non-ciliated round swellings) were arranged along the rim of the oral and ventral suckers, 11~12 and 6~8 in numbers respectively, 2. Two-week old juvenile worms, recovered chieay from the liver of the experimental rats, were slender in body shape: with their ventral sucker near the anterior one-third level. The distribution of tegumental spines was less dense than in the encysted metacercariae. The spines were with 1~2 pointed tips and 3~.4 longitudinal splits. Numerous ciliated knob-like, type I papillae were observed in both sides of the oral sucker, and 6 large, type If papillae were arranged along the rim of the ventral sucker. 3. Four week old worms, recovered from the thoracic cavity and/or lung parenchyme of the experimental rats, were thicker than wide in body configuration, and their ventral sucker was located near the anterior one.fourth level. The tegumental spines at ventral surface were grouped, each group with 3~5 aggregated ones. The type I and type II papillae (small-sired) were distributed chiefly around the rim of two suckers. 4. Adult (eight-week old) worms, recovered from the capsules in the lung parenchyme, were very stout, and covered densely with bearfoot like spines. At dorsal surface, cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes were well-developed, with many tegumental spines embedded in them. It was observed in this study that the tegument of p. iloktsuenensis continued to change and differentiate as the worms grew to be adults.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.177-180
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• 2012

Cercaria caribbea LVIII Cable, 1963 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) was detected from a brackish water gastropod species (Cerithideopsilla cingulata) in a coatal area of Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province), the Republic of Korea, and its surface ultrastructure was studied using a scanning electron microscope. The cercariae were found freely swimming or enveloped within daughter sporocysts when the snail host was mechanically broken. They were morphologically characterized by a linguiform and ventrally concave body, a long and bifurcated tail, and the presence of a holdfast (=tribocytic) organ posterior to the ventral sucker. On the whole ventral and dorsal surfaces, peg-like tegumental spines were densely distributed. Around the oral sucker, several sensory papillae, each with a short cilium, were distributed, and on the tail, sensory papillae, each with an extensively long cilium, were observed. This is the first record describing a cyathocotylid cercaria from a brackish water gastropod in the Republic of Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.1 s.137
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• pp.87-89
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• 2006

A 55-year old Korean man, living in Mokpo-city, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea, visited a local clinic complaining of right upper quadrant pain and indigestion. At colonoscopy, he was diagnosed as having a carcinoma of the ascending colon, and thus, a palliative right hemicolectomy was performed. Subsequently, an adult fluke of Gymnophalloides seoi was incidentally found in a surgical pathology specimen of the lymph node around the colon. The worm was found to have invaded gut lymphoid tissue, with characteristic morphologies of a large oral sucker, a small ventral sucker, and a ventral pit surrounded by strong muscle fibers. This is the first reported case of mucosal tissue invasion by G. seoi in the human intestinal tract.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 1993

Using a flue - cured tobacco variety, KF lH9, recently bred and released to farming, effect of growth regulators(fatty alcohol and C - MH) on the change of alkaloid contents and dynamics of MH uptake and distribution were investigated. An efficient sucker control method was also pursued. Treatment of fatty alcohol at button stage remarkably increased the rate of C - MH uptake. However, except in the plants treated with 2- fold volume of C - MH, residue of C -MH was kept under maximum residue level(80 ppd). C - MH residue in stalk was higher than in foliage in general. Compared to untreated control, leaf weight per unit area was increased by the treatment even in lower leaves where vigorous transfer of C - MH from treated tips was indicated and sucker control higher than 94.9% was achieved with all treatments except for sole half volume C - MH treatment at topping stage. Alkaloid content in foliage was reduced by dual treatment of fatty alcohol and C - MH but increased in stalk and root.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1984

This study was performed to observe the chronological changes in the tegumental structure of M. yokogawai using scanning electron microscope. The subjected worms were encysted metacercariae obtained from the sweetish, and 2-day, 1-week and 4-week old worms experimentally reared in albino rats. The results are as follows: 1. The tegument of encysted metacercariae showed many transverse shallow rugae, which were more remarkable in posterior half body, i.e., posterior to ventral sucker. The whole surface was armed with many scale-like spines; 7~8 pointed ones on anterior body and 2~3 pointed on posterior body. The ciliated knob-like papillae (Type I) were abundant around oral and ventral suckers, which grouped 2, 3 or 4 in number in most cases. A few round swellings of tegument(Type lI were observed only on oral sucker. 2. The tegumental surface of 2-day old worms showed deeper rugae, and the anterior half covered with knob-like processes of distal cytoplasm and the posterior half with cobblestone-like ones. Interspinous space became more wide and 9 pointed spines appeared on anterior dorsal surface. The sensory papillae enlarged but not changed in their distribution. 3. The tegument of 1-week old worms revealed knob-like cytoplasmic processes in posterior half body and velvety ones around oral sucker. The scale-like spines of anterior half body changed remarkably to the slender ones of posterior body at the level of ventral sucker. In dorsal surface, the arrangement of the Type I papillae were bilaterally symmetrical. 4. The tegument of 4-week old worms were finely differentiated and the posterior tegument covered with velvety cytoplasmic processes. The spines had remarkably grown in length and width but the density remained nearly unchanged. The papillae also became larger but their morphology and distribution were not different from younger worms. However, the round elevation of cytoplasmic ridges (Type III papilla) appeared bilaterally on inner wall of oral sucker, approximately 8 in number. From the above results, it is considered that the tegument of juvenile iH. yokogawai continued to differentiate until 4 weeks after infection.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop a simple, rapid, and reliable method for in vitro propagation of disease-free and true-to-type clones from sucker explants of thornless blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L.). To induce multiple shoots, the sucker explants were sterilized in 1% NaOCl solution, and then were aseptically cultured on the full and 1/2 MS solid medium supplemented with BAP (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L). After six weeks of culture, the highest frequency (85.4%) of shoot formation from sucker explants was obtained on the full-strength MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BAP. Node explants obtained from multiple shoots were cultured on the various media of full- or half-strength of AD, B5, MS, SH, QL, WPM media, respectively. After 30 days of culture, plant growth was good on the half-AD, half-QL medium. After 90 days of culture, plant growth was good on the full MS and full SH medium. The survival rate of the plantlets after transfer to plastic pots containing soil mixture (sand: soil: vermiculite was 1:1:1, vol.) in the greenhouse was 98%. The results indicate that a multiple-shoot procedure can be applied for an efficient mass propagation of Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1621-1621
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• 2001

The quality of sugarcane grown on the NE Australian tropical coast ($16^{\circ}$15'- $18^{\circ}$15' S Lat.) has declined markedly in the past seven years. This has been linked to dilution of mill-supply cane with increasing levels of non mature-stalk material consisting of leaves and sucker culms. The prime research objective was to examine the transition from the pre-harvest, in-field crop to harvested material sent for processing, in terms of quality and crop fraction proportions. A secondary objective was to quantify the effects of preharvest-season crop habit and culm condition on crop quality. Ten quadrat samples from each of 54 random crop sites (17 in 1999 and 37 in 2000), covering a wide range of variables (cultivar, crop class, and edaphic, topographic, climatic, and temporal factors) were collected immediately before harvest. Samples were partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound mature stalks (culms), sucker culms, and extraneous matter (leaves). Material harvested from each site was sampled and partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound billets (culm pieces), culm-spindle pieces, and leaf. In 2000, before harvest, 14 additional sites were sampled monthly, on three occasions, from March - June. Erect and non-erect culms were divided into sound and unsound classes. All samples were disintegrated and presented to a remote reflectance module of a scanning spectrophotometer using the BSES large cassette module. Near infra-red spectroscopic (NIS) analyses were developed for the rapid determination of quality components (Brix, commercial cane sugar (CCS), fibre, moisture, and polariscope reading). Calibrations for three material groups (culm (n = 639), non-culm (n = 496), and combined) were developed for all components using the 1999 data set. Two sub-sets (n = 178, and 190) of about 10% of the preharvest-season and harvest populations scanned in 2000 also were subjected to full routine laboratory analyses. The 1999 combined calibrations were excellent, but the culm calibrations produced consistently lower standard errors. Non-culm calibrations were marginally better than the combined for only CCS and pol. reading. Analysis of the 2000 culm data with calibrations using all 1999 and 2000 culm data resulted in better predictions relative to the 1999 culm calibrations. This also was true for the combined calibrations. Assessment of quality components in pre- and post-harvest sugarcane using NIS calibrations was more cost effective than using routine laboratory techniques. Outcomes from this NIS-facilitated research will have important economic consequences for the Australian sugarcane industry. Potential CCS present in mature culms is being discounted by dilution with leaves and sucker culms, threatening farm viability. The results question the efficacy of current harvesting technology. The CCS of harvested cane is improved only marginally over that of the in-field crop. Current harvesting technology requires either supplementary, innovative pre-mill processing or a design revolution to improve mill-supply cane quality, and therefore whole of industry economics. NIS-facilitated analyses, before the harvest season, highlighted the benefits of growing erect, sound crops. Loss of CCS then, can be minimized only by a combination of crop improvement and agronomic solutions, applied as part of sound on-farm management.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2000

This paper deals with the morphology and taxonomy of the first reported species of echinostome belonging to the genus Himasthla Dietz, 1909, found from dunlins (Calidris alpina sakhalina) in Korea. Birds were captured with mist-nets at the tidal flat of Yeochari, Kanghwa-gun, Kyunggi-do, Korea. The worms were removed from avian intestines in physiological saline, fixed, acetocarmine stained and observed. Himasthla kusasigi Yamaguti, which was found in 1939, was characterized morphologically by a long and slender body (5.27 mm in length), besetting with spines and reniform head collar (0.27 mm) in a form of a single and uninterrupted row of 31 spines. The oral sucker (0.057$\times$0.0684 mm) is smaller than the ventral sucker (0.35$\times$0.29 mm). The ventral sucker was close to the anterior extremity of the body. The worm had two elliptical testes (anterior 0.47$\times$0.30 mm, posterior 0.59$\times$0.27 mm). The testes were close to the posterior end of the body. The uterus was very long, winding and extending through at least two thirds of the body length. The ovary (0.13$\times$0.14mm) was round and small. Below the ovary, a round and small seminal receptacle was found.