• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.493-510
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• 2021

The present article endeavours to develop partial optional randomized - response technique (PORT) to deal with sensitive issues in presence of non-response in successive sampling. Calibration techniques have been embedded with PORT to estimate sensitive population mean at current move in two move successive sampling in presence of non-response. Optimum calibration weights are computed at each move with the aid of constraints based on auxiliary information. Detailed properties of the proposed estimators have been discussed. Possible cases in which non-response may creep at two moves has been explored. The proposed technique has been compared with the modified existing technique. Simulation results indicate that the proposed technique is more efficient than existing, modified one. Suitable recommendations are forwarded.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.118-123
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• 2009

Railway track alignment Standards set a minimum lenght value for straight and circular alignments (art. 5.2.9.), in order to ensure passenger ride comfort in railway vehicles of which dynamic oscillations will thus have to be limited. The transitions between alignments can cause abrupt changes (usually called discontinuities or singular points of the alignment) of curvature, of rate of change of curvature or of rate of change of cant. A passenger is likely to experience effects due to the excitation of the elastic suspension of the vehicle which generates oscillations that are damped as the vehicle moves away from the singularity. The amplitude of these oscillations should be adequately attenuated by the damping of the suspension system within the interval between two successive singular points, especially to avoid resonances. Therefore minimum lengths between two successive singular points are stated in alignment standards. Nevertheless, these nonnative values can be overly conservative in some cases. As an alternative, track alignment designers could try to assess how much the excitation has been attenuated between two successive singular points and thus assess at which point a new singularity may be present without affecting ride comfort. Although such assessment can be made with commercial SW packages which simulate the dynamic behavior of a vehicle considered as a set of rigid bodies interconnected with elastic elements simulating the suspension systems (such as SIMPACK, ADAMS or VAMPIRE), a simplified and user-friendly computation method (based upon the analytical solution of differential equations governing the phenomenon) is made available in this paper to track design engineers, not always used to working with full dynamic models.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10b
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• pp.1724-1729
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• 1991

This paper gives an overview of HIGIPS design concepts and prototype HIGIPS configuration, and discusses its application to recognition of the 3-D motion of a human arm. HIGIPS which employs the combination of pipeline architecture and multiprocessor architecture, is a high-speed, high-performance and low cost N * M multimicroprocessor parallel machine, where N is the number of pipeline stages and M is the number of processors in each stage. The algorithm to recognize the motion of a human arm with a single TV camera was developed on personal computer (NEC PC9801 series). As a constraint condition, some simple ring marks are used. Each joint of the arm is attached with a ring mark to obtain its centroid position when the arm moves. These centroid positions in the three-dimensional space are linked at each of the successive pictures of the moving arm to recover its overall motion. This algorithm takes about 2 seconds to process one image frame on the general-purpose personal computer. This paper mainly discuses how to partition this algorithm and execute on HIGIPS, and shows the speed up. From this application, it is clear that HIGIPS is an efficient machine for image processing and recognizing.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.724-733
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• 2017

Conventional methods of automatically recording Go game positions do not properly consider obstacles (hand or object) on a Go board during the Go game. If the Go board is blocked by obstacles, the position of a Go stone may not be correctly recognized, or the sequences of moves may be stored differently from the actual one. In the proposed algorithm, only the complete Go board image without obstacles is stored as a background image and the obstacle is recognized by comparing the background image with the current input image. To eliminate the phenomenon that the shadow is mistaken as obstacles, this paper proposes the new obstacle detection method based on the gradient image instead of the simple differential image. When there is no obstacle on the Go board, the background image is updated. Finally, the successive background images are compared to recognize the position and type of the Go stone. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has more than 95% recognition rate in general illumination environment.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1227-1241
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• 2012

In this study, a novel water surface detection method was proposed. In the method water surface is detected by analysis on correlation coefficients obtained from rectangular control areas of the same vertical position in two successive images including both water surface and staff gauge. Four methods respectively based on threshold, peak, slope and variance ratio, are used to identify water surface from vertical distribution of correlation coefficient. In addition, swaying correction algorithm and statistical filtering are applied to minimize outliers caused by positional image mismatch. Images taken from 28 different sites during low flow were tested to evaluate the method. Mean relative error to eye measurement was approximately from 3.4 to 5.7 cm. As long as water surface moves, this method can be used to improve image stage gauge by supplementing the previous water surface detection method.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2016

Motion detection algorithms based on difference image are classified into background subtraction and previous frame subtraction. 1) Background subtraction is a convenient and effective method for detecting foreground objects in a stationary background. However in real world scenarios, especially outdoors, this restriction, (i.e., stationary background) often turns out to be impractical since the background may not be stable. 2) Previous frame subtraction is a simple technique for detecting motion in an image. The difference between two frames depends upon the amount of motion that occurs from one frame to the next. Both these straightforward methods fail when the object moves very "slightly and slowly". In order to efficiently deal with the problem, in this paper we present an algorithm for motion detection that incorporates "reflected light area" and "difference image". This reflected light area is generated during the frame production process. It processes multiplex difference image and AND-arithmetic of bitwise. This process incorporates the accuracy of background subtraction and environmental adaptability of previous frame subtraction and reduces noise generation. Also, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by the performance assessment of each method using Gait database sample of CASIA.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.416-512
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• 1998

The following conclusions are obtained from the studies on the chapters concerning phisiology, pathology, daily conduct, materia medica, pulse, and urinalysis from , of the "Four Tantras". 1. The theoretical basis forming the Tibetan Medicine is the substance of phlegm, bile, and wind each of which is divided into five kinds. These phisiological substances can be transformed into pathological factors when certain environment is formed. 2. In embryology, the semen of the father and menstral blood of mother is considered the most important condition in conception, and the Five factors are regarded as important. There is a detailed explanation of development of the fetus while it stays in the womb of mother during 38weeks, such as the formation of the viscera, channels, sense organs, etc. 3. There is metaphor which compares the human body with the king's palace. With the development of human anatomy, there is the detailed anatomical picture of anterior and posterior aspects of human body. And also there is the measurement of physiological constitution and the three fluids. 4. In division of the channels, they concerned the now of the blood and distribution of the nerve fibers, and each channel is connected with one another. The division of the cannel is namely embryonic channel, channel of existence, channel of connection, and the course of life principle. 5. The seven bodily constituents and three factors of phlegm, bile, and wind are important in sustaining the life of human body as well as growth and maturization, and when their equilibrium is broken, the human body is degnerated, and finally death comes. 6. The signs of death is divided into distant sign, remote sign, certain sign. and uncertain sign, and is used as a clue in diagnosis of the disease. Especially there is a mention about the mechanism of the dreams, and different dreams according to the condition of the patient. 7. In pathology, there is the cause of the disease, the environmental factors which can induce disease, the path by which disease come into the human body, the characteristics of the disease, and the kinds of disease. 8. There is a mention about the conduct, and it is divided into the daily conduct, the mental attitude, and the side-effects which can occur when one puts up with the physiological actions of the body. 9. The daily diet is divided into food and beverage. The food is divided again into grain, meat, fat, boiled food, and spiced food, and the beverage into milk, water, and wine. 10. The pulsation should be taken in lift hand to diagnose heart, small intestine, stomach, spleen, kidney, reproductive organ, and in right hand jungs, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, kidney, and bladder. In the healthy person, the pulse moves 5times in one perspiration, and the type of pulse is constant while the pulse moves 100times. But unhealthy person's pulse is different from this. The urinalysis is the unique part of Tibetan Medicine, and is important in examination of the disease. One should decide which of the three factors are dominant by the obervation of the color, amount of the steam and how long it lasts, odour, foam, and the shape of the swirl in three different states when the urine is hot, warm, and cold. One can determine the life of the patient and which viscera is the cause of the disease by the pulse, and whether the nature of the disease is hot or cold by the urinalysis. 11. The materia medica contains gemstones, minerals, plateau medication, and meat products.