• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 1987

The study of the $Na_3YSi_3O_9$ structure, by x-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum, showed that $Na_3YSi_3O_9$ is similar to $Na_4CaSi_3O_9$ except for its being pseudo-cubic instead of cubic. The peaks in the x-ray diffraction pattern of $Na_3YSi_3O_9$ could therefore be indexed on the basis of the $Na_4CaSi_3O_9$ cell. Also, modified $Na_3MSi_3O_9$ (M = Lu, Yb, Tm, Er, Y, Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu, and Sm) type compounds were synthesized by introducing excess sodium, decreasing M(III) concentration, and substituting small amount of phosphorus for silicon. The unit cell parameters of the composition $Na_{3.2}M_{0.7}Si_{2.9}P_{0.1}O_{8.7}$ were estimated from x-ray powder diffraction patterns using the Cohen method.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.34
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• pp.307-330
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• 2014

To avoid calamities, the Chinese use different euphemisms in various fields of occupation and region. There are a lot of linguistic taboos concerned with Xieyin that shows the special characteristic of chinese characters. If two characters are homophones and one of them is considered offensive or misfortune, the Chinese prefer to substitute another expression for them in the actual conversations. These substitutes are called euphemisms. As an combined expression of psychological insecurity and language, euphemisms were not only used in the past, but also now they are still in common use. Although some of the chinese euphemisms are not used anymore nowadays, some of them are still used. There are a large number of chinese euphemisms in common use, but some special ones are used in particular fields only. This article focused on the linguistic taboos in some special fields like different regions, occupations and some others related with calamities, and tried to make a distinction from other previous studies. Language reflects culture and euphemism is a mirror of culture. The study of chinese linguistic taboos and euphemisms is expected to be some help to understand the chinese customs and linguistic features.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.407-420
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• 2012

This study investigated possible ways to replace conventional stirrups used on high-strength concrete members with improved reinforcing materials. Headed bar and high-strength steel were chosen to substitute for conventional stirrups, and an experimental comparison between the shear behavior of high-strength concrete large beams reinforced with conventional stirrups and the chosen stirrup substitutes was made. Test results indicated that the headed bar and the high-strength steel led to a significant reserve of shear strength and a good redistribution of shear between stirrups after shear cracking. This is due to the headed bar providing excellent end anchorage and the high-strength steel successfully resisting higher and sudden shear transmission from the concrete to the shear reinforcement. Experimental results presented in this paper were also compared with various prediction models for shear strength of concrete members.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1595-1601
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop a simulation model which substitutes a sled test of train seat. The occupants behaviors of Saemaeul-ho two passenger seats were simulated using MAYDMO(MAthematical DYnamical MOdel) and these results compared with those of sled test. To improve the simulation model which used in previous study, the plastic behaviors of the pedestal were considered and the rear seats are represented as ellipsoid multi-body model instead of finite element model. Using the improved model, we could reduce the computer run time and get more accurate results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.1689-1695
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• 2019

This study suggests a simple economic model to analyze electricity grid that consists of different power sources. The substitutability of renewable energy for nuclear power in Korean electricity transmission network is investigated by suggested model. The monthly data from January 2006 to December 2013 reported by Electricity Power Statistics Information System (EPSIS) of Korea Power EXchange (KPX) are used. To estimate the elasticities of substitution among four power sources (i.e. coal, natural gas, nuclear power, and renewable energy), this paper uses the trans-log cost function model on which local concavity restrictions are imposed. The estimated Hicks-Allen and Morishima elasticity of substitution shows that renewable electricity and nuclear power are complementary. The results also evidenced that renewable electricity and fossil fueled thermal power generation are substitutes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4771-4787
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• 2019

Aimed at the disclosure risk of mobile terminal user's location privacy in location-based services, a location-privacy protection scheme based on similar trajectory substitution is proposed. On the basis of the anonymized identities of users and candidates who request LBS, this scheme adopts trajectory similarity function to select the candidate whose trajectory is the most similar to user's at certain time intervals, then the selected candidate substitutes user to send LBS request, so as to protect user's privacy like identity, query and trajectory. Security analyses prove that this scheme is able to guarantee such security features as anonymity, non-forgeability, resistance to continuous query tracing attack and wiretapping attack. And the results of simulation experiment demonstrate that this scheme remarkably improve the optimal candidate' trajectory similarity and selection efficiency.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1020-1025
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• 2021

Facial alignment is very important task for human life. And facial landmark detection is one of the instrumental methods in face alignment. We introduce the stacked hourglass networks with transposed convolutional layers for facial landmark detection. our method substitutes nearest neighbor upsampling for transposed convolutional layer. Our method returns better accuracy in facial landmark detection compared to stacked hourglass networks with nearest neighbor upsampling.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2022

Natural colorants are regarded as substitutes for synthetic colorants in the fields of fiber dyeing, hair dyeing, cosmetic, and food industries. The use of natural colorants has been increased in view of global environment and sustainability. However, scientific approach to the production is required because the supply of natural colorants depends on the climate, soil, and cultivation methods. This brief review contains the advances in science and technology related to natural colorants including characterization, analysis, CIEL^*a^*b^* and Munsell color systems, and future prospects. For the characterization and the analysis of natural colorants, chromatography, some spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR), mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction are generally used.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.87.1-87
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• 2003

Powdery mildew on strawberry plants, caused by Spherotheca aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun var. aphanis, is the most serious disease for strawberry production. There is a demand to develop the substitutes for chemicals which are more environment friendly materials. Control of powdery mildew was evaluated on Akihime, Sachinoka, Dochiodome, Noyho and Redpearl varieties grown in the greenhouse. Applications of 1％, 0.5％, and 0.25％ of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3Nyoho in greenhouse experiments. Non-phytotoxicity was revealed on the leaves and fruits of strawberry at these concentrations. This$.$result indicates that a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and tween 20 is a useful substitute for fungicides to control powdery mildew of strawberry.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.56-60
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• 2021

In recent decades, tissue engineering advances have led to more skin substitutes becoming available. Acellular dermal matrix, initially developed for use in the treatment of full-thickness burns, is made by removing the cellular components from the dermis collected from donated bodies or animals. This class of scaffold is used to replace skin and soft tissue deficiencies in a variety of fields, including breast reconstruction, abdominal wall reconstruction, and burn treatment. Herein, we provide a detailed review of the clinical applications of acellular dermal matrix.