• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2000

Objective: In vitro fertilization (IVF) and a prolonging the time of culture may be helpful in establishing a viable pregnancy through a selection effect. Some embryos do not develop beyond the 4-cell stage and some may not develop to the blastocyst stage. We have evaluated the safety of SET and the outcomes of pregnancy. Methods: Sperms were treated with Ham's F-10 supplemented with 10% human follicular fluid (hFF). oocytes or fertilized oocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 10% or 20% hFF respectively. Up to five oocytes were inseminated with approximately 200,000 sperm cells/2 ml in each well. Fertilization was examined in the following morning and fertilized oocytes were co-cultured until embryo transfer. Vero cells for co-culture were prepared in Tissue Culture Medium - 199 (TCM-199) with 10% fetal bovine serum. At the two to four cell and blastocyst on day 2 and day 5, embryo and blstocyst grading were evaluated. Pregnancy rate was determined after transfer of human embryos at the two to four cell stage on day 2 (Group I) or subsequent transfer of embryos on day 2 and at the blastocyst stage on day 5 (Group II). For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and Chi-square (${\chi}^2$_test) were used. Results were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05. Results: No differences was found in the fertilization between Group I (81.0%, 98/121) and Group II (81.8%, 180/220). In case of cleavage rate, no difference was found in Group I (95.9%, 94/98) and Group II (97.8%, 174/178). However, the rate of-clinical pregnancy was significantly higher (p=0.014) in Group II (66.7%, 12/18) than in Group I (26.3%, 5/19). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that SET is safe and effective, and significantly increases the pregnancy rate.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.946-953
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• 1999

The etching characteristics of Er-doped sodium borosilicate glass film for the planar optical waveguides were investigated using reactive ion etching. The etch rate decreased as the pressure in creased but increased as the RF power increased. The etch rate increased as the flow rate C2F gas and the amount of O2 addition increased but decreased over critical point (C2F6 7,5 accm O2 20%) The etch rate was 180${\AA}$/min under C2F6 7.5 sccm O2 20% RF power 270 W, pressure 150 mTorr. With this optimum etching condition and subsequent heat treatment at 975$^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes planar optical waveguides having improved sidewall roughness were fabricated successfully.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.2258-2264
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• 2004

This article described the numerical investigation of shear-thinning blood flow characteristics when subjected to longitudinal and transverse vibrations and delineated the underlying mechanisms of the flow rate enhancements, respectively. In order to fully consider the mechanical vibrations of the capillary, a moving wall boundary condition was adopted. The present numerical results showed that the longitudinal vibration caused a significant increase of wall shear rates, which resulted in a decrease of viscosity and the subsequent increase of flow rates. However, the shear rate for the transverse vibration was slightly increased and the calculated flow rate was underestimated comparing with the previous experimental results.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제24권2E호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

Experimental work in underwater acoustic communications using passive phase conjugation has shown that the demodulation error depends on the relative drift rate between the source and receiver [Rouseff et al., IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 26, 821-831 (2001)]. The observed effect involves the mismatch between the initial impulse response and the subsequent response after the source or receiver has changed locations. In the present work, the effect of drifting source is analyzed by numerical simulations and compared to the experimental results. The communications bit error rate is qualified as a function of drift rate, drifting direction, and source-receiver range.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.403-408
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• 1987

The occurrence of abomasal displacement in Tokachi Shimizu Cho, Hokkaido, Japan has been surveyed in relation to milk production from 1979 to 1986. In 1983 when dairy cows produced over 5.000kg of milk yield per year. the occurrence rate of abomasal displacement increased over 1%. Thereafter, the occurrence rate increased markedly as the milk production approached 6.000kg. In order to increase the number of cows which can be surgically corrected, a special ambulatory vehicle for surgery was designed. Since more cows were surgically corrected. there was a subsequent decrease in the culling rate of cows with abomasal displacement. The present survey indicated that the occurrence rate of abomasal displacement was closely related to milk production, and that surgical correction was a very effective method to treat this condition.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.127-128
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• 2020

This research is part of the research for unifying the mass concrete and utilizing the rate of super retarding agent. We analyzed the performance of super retarding agent 20℃ conditions. It was found that there was no deterioration in fluidity and air quality due to the change in the super retarding agent mixing rate. It was found that when super retarding agent was mixed up to 0.5 %, it was delayed for 22.3 hours at 20℃. Therefore in order to ensure the performance required at the site, the super retarding agent mixing rate must be determined by fully considering the situation at the site. In addition it will be analyzed that super retarding agent performance analysis at high temperature will be required in subsequent studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4137-4141
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• 2016

Background: A recent guideline by the American Cancer Society recommended that mammography (MMG) should be done for women starting in their mid-40s. In Thailand, information on opportunistic mammography screening is limited and data on the total incidence of breast cancer are also lacking. The purpose of this study was to estimate the breast cancer detection, incident and prevalence rates among Thai women. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the opportunistic mammography screening of normal women between 30 and 80 years who underwent the procedure between 2001 and 2010. All cases were followed until 2012. The detection rate was calculated for the whole period of observation using 'number of women with positive findings' divided by 'total number of women screened'. The incidence rate was calculated only at the first MMG while the subsequence rate was calculated based on all new cases detected at each subsequent MMG. Results: Among the 47,430 women, there were 152,091 MMGs or approximately 3.2 occasions per person (range, 1-10). The average duration of the interval between each subsequence visit was 1.8 years. Overall, breast cancer was detected in 543 women, with a detection rate of 10.3 per 1,000 persons. The prevalence rate of breast cancer at the first visit was 5.78 per 1,000 persons. The incidence or new cases detected at any follow-up visit was 10.4 per 1,000 persons. The overall interval cancer was 0.91 per 1,000 women, mainly detected before their second and third MMG, with a rate of 0.0.47 and 0.76 per 1,000 women. Conclusions: Opportunistic mammography screening in Thailand detected 10 case of breast cancer from each 1,000 women. This paper indicated a high rate of cancer detection during a two year interval, hence, a screening mammogram should be performed more often.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1985

Systemic extrogen therapy promotes multiple preantral follicular development in immature mice. Estrogen pretreated ovaries might therefore be a useful source of cells for in vitro studies of oocytes maturation. Silastic capsules (5.0 mm length; 3.18 mm outer diameter, 1.57 mm inner diameter) filled with diethylstilbesterol were implanted subcutaneously in experimental mice (ICR) for up to 6 days. Ovarian weight and histology in diethylstilbesterol pretreated and control animal were assessed before and after pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin treatment and after human chorionic gonadotrophin. The following results were obtained; 1. Ovarian weight was significantly increased by 6 days of diethylstilbesterol pretreatment. Subsequent ovarian weight gain in response to pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin was increased. 2. Diethylstilnbesterol pretreatment stimulated the developed healthy preantral follicles. 3. Forty eight hours after pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin treatment, a larger number of the antral follicles which developed in diethylstilbesterol pretreated animals showed signs of atresia, whereas in the control ovaries there was a higher incidence of premature luteinization. 4. Forty eight hours after human chorionic gonadotrophin, numerous corpora lutea and occasional luteinized unruptured follicles were present in both control and diethylstilbesterol ovaries. 5. Ovulation rate, fertilization rate and subsequent preimplantation development in vitro were not adversely affected by diethylstilbesterol pretreatment. However, there was considerable variation in the ovulation rate the number of animals with more than 60 ovulations was greater in the diethylstilbesterol gorup (52.4%) as compared to the control (33.3%).

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.205-214
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• 1976

담수상태하에서 Butachlor, Nitrofen, Benthiocarb+Simetryne, Propanil, Perfluidone 등의 제초제가 시비한 질소의 변화과정에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 요소와 약제를 처리한 후 $24\pm1^{\circ}C$에서 배양하면서 무기능 실소, pH 및 Eh의 변화를 검토하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Nitrofen, Benthiocarb + Simetryne, Propanil 등은 전 처리농도에서 요소의 분해에 의한 암모니아의 생성에 아무런 영향이 없었다. Butachlo 와 Perfluidone은 표준시용량의 8배의 고농도 처리에서 처음 암모니아의 생성을 다소 감소시켰으나 이 분해억제효과는 시일이 경과하면서 바로 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 2. Propanil을 제외한 공시약제 모두 전 처리농도에서 실화억제 효과를 찾아 볼 수 없었다 Propanil은 표준량의 8배의 고농도 처리에서 암모니아의 산화를 억제하여 앙모니아태 질소를 축적하고 아질산태 질소와 질산태 질소의 생성을 다소 감소시켰는데 이러한 경향은 시비질소의 농도가 높아지면서 다소 명확하여졌다. 3. PH와 Eh의 변화에 대한 공시약제의 영향은 거의 찾아 볼 수 없었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.394-400
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• 1998

Cryopreservation of embryos by vitrification is a simple method to preserve bovine embryos for subsequent embryo transfer, but embryonic viability after vitrification has been inconsistent and low compared with conventional slow freezing. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of serum or serum albumin in a vitrification solution and epidermal growth factor(EGF) or fibroblast growth factor(FGF) on in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts frozen by vitrification. Bovine blastocysts were produced by in vitro maturation, fertilization of follicular oocytes and culture of embryos in a synthetic oviduct fluid medium(SOFM) containing BSA and 19 essential and nonessential amino acids. Blastocysts with excellent or good morphology were selected at 7 or 8 days after culture and utilized for vitrification. In experiment 1, blastocysts were vitrified in a solution containing semi-fetal calf serum(SFCS) or BSA(5 or 10mg/ml) and then their subsequent viabilities were examined by culturing thawed embryos in a SOFM containing BSA and 19 amino acids. Effect of EGF or FGF added to a SOFM containing polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) on the viability of vitrified-thawed blastocysts was investigated in experiment 2. BSA added at 5 or 10mg/ml to a vitrification solution showed significantly higher(p < 0.05) developmental rate to expanded and hatching blastocysts than SFCS, but there was no significant difference in the developmental rate to hatched blastocysts after thawing. Supplementation of a culture medium with EGF and/or FGF significantly increased(p < 0.05) embryo development to expanded blastocysts compared with control but showed no beneficial effect on the development to hatching or hatched blastocysts. Coculture of thawed embryos with granulosa cells in a TCM 199 containing 10% fetal calf serum(FCS) showed the highest developmental rate to expanded, hatching and hatched blastocysts among the groups tested. In conclusion, supplementation of a vitrification solution with BSA at 5mg/ml and culture of thawed blastocysts in a medium containing EGF and/or FGF can improve in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts frozen by vitrification.