• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.547-553
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• 1998

For the efficient production of a new exo-polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum ASI 7004, the optimum conditions and methods in submerged cultivation were investigated with an airlift fermenter system. The optimum aeration rate was 2.5 Wm at the initial pH 5.0 and 28$^{\circ}C$. The increase of dissolved oxygen concentration by pure oxygen supply during cultivation did not improved the exo-polysaccaride production and the mycelial growth. The maximum exo-polysaccharide production and the mycelial growth under the optimum culture condition were obtained in media of glucose 60g/L, yeast extract 6g/L, (NH4)2HPO4 1g/L and KH2PO4 0.5g/L. Under these optimum medium and culture conditions, about 7.15g/L of exo-polysaccharide and 13.9g/L of mycelial growth were producted, respectively.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제21권A호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2001

This study characterizes the growth of white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium IFO 31249) and lignin peroxidase(LiP) activity in different submerged culture media. P. chrysosporium was grown in the form of pellet of various sizes from a spore inoculum under shaking liquid culture condition. While the growth of mycelia was higher under the nitrogen-sufficient culture than under the nitrogen-limited culture, ligninase activity was relatively lower. The lignin peroxidase appeared in nitrogen-limited culture and was suppressed by excess nitrogen. High level(40U/l) of lignin peroxidase activity was obtained in the growth medium containing 1.5mM veratryl alcohol, a secondary metabolite of P. chrysosporium. Lignin peroxidase production was not observed under conditions of nitrogen sufficiency or in balanced media, suggesting that control parameters could increase the activity by manipulating the secondary metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.548-561
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• 2020

Paecilomyces japonica is widely cultured to produce mycelium for medicinal and health food use. Illumination is an important factor in the growth and production of mycelium in submerged culture. The effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) combinations on the growth and cordycepin content as bioactive substances of mycelium were investigated. The results showed that the mycelium dry weights were lower under dark condition and red LED treatments. Dark condition, fluorescent light, and ultraviolet-A failed to increase the cordycepin content. Blue light was necessary to increase the cordycepin content, and a red-to-blue ratio of 3:7 induced the highest cordycepin content. The cordycepin contents of mycelium in submerged culture were significantly higher in a 12 h/day illumination time under red and blue (red-to-blue ratio of 3:7) LED treatments, showing an increase of up to 38% compared with those under the fluorescent-light control condition. The results demonstrated the roles of light with different wavelengths on the biosynthesis of cordycepin as bioactive substances. The low-heat release and replacement of traditional fluorescent lights with low-energy-consuming LEDs could increase the contents of bioactive substances. After optimization of the cordycepin production using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design) to its canonical form, the optimum combination was found to be as follows: illumination time = 17.7 h/day, sugar content in the medium = 9.7 g/50 mL, and incubation time = 61.2 h. The model predicted a maximum response of 3779.2 ㎍/mL cordycepin yield.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.400-407
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• 2013

The growth characteristics and production of color pigments by Monascus strains were investigated during liquid culture, and production of monacolin K in red mold rice was carried out by solid state fermentation. Four different Monascus ruber strains were cultured in potato dextrose yeast extract broth (PDYB) media at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. The high producing strain for red pigment was not corresponded to the strain for yellow pigment. Production of red pigment was high in the strain causing the fast pH change in culture broth. Production of monacolin K in red mold rice by solid state fermentation was influenced by a combination of wet cell weight and spore density in inoculum by liquid culture. Most strains showed the high production of monacolin K in red mold rice, when submerged fermentation was carried out for 5 days as inoculum for solid state fermentation. These results suggest that submerged fermentation period of inoculum have an effect on the production of monacolin K in red mold rice by solid state fermentation, and monacolin K in red mold rice could be increased by controlling the condition of submerged fermentation for inoculum.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

An extracellular pigment production of three Phellinus sp. (Phellinus 421, P. linteus and P. hartigil) through submerged cultivation was investigated. The maximum brown pigment from culture broth was obtained from the precipitate by addition of 10% 1M HCI solution. This precipitate showed absorption characteristics with ${\lambda}_{max}$ of 360nm. The maximum production of extracellular pigment obtained at optimum medium and culture condition was 3.54 ($A_{360}$). The precipitate was fractionated by Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography, and the isolated brown pigment contained a large amount of polyphenol and the small amounts of sugar and protein. The brown pigment fraction was stable in temperature range of $30{\sim}60^{\circ}C$, pH range of $4{\sim}6$, sugar addition ranges of $1{\sim}5%$ and salt addition concentration of 3 molarity. Antioxidative activity of the brown pigment by TBA method was better than that of vitamin E (${\alpha}$-tocopherol).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

The in vitro culture of rice panicles is a culturing technique only panicle without other organs in culture solution containing organic substance, so that would be useful to study how assimilate supply affects grain development and maturation. To find the optimum stage for in vitro culture, rice panicles grown in greenhouse were sampled periodically after anthesis and cultured in nutrient medium. The panicles older than 1 weeks after anthesis had produced normal grains. Grain-filling was apparently dependent upon sucrose concentration (8-12 %) in medium, but not affected by nitrogen concentration supplied with glutamine. As far as rice panicle was supplied with sucrose and N in nutrient medium, grains continued accumulation of dry matter and maturation regardless to light condition. Considerably, grain-filling was improved when panicles were positioned horizontally inside flask, so that each grain was partially submerged to nutrient medium.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1999

Microbial cellulose has many potential applications due to its excellent physical properties. The production of cellulose from Acetobacter xylinum in submerged culture is, however, beset with numerous problems. The most difficult one has been the appearance of negative mutants under shaking culture conditions, which is deficient of cellulose producing ability. Thus genetic instability of Acetobacter xylinum under shaking culture condition made developing a stable mutant major research interest in recent years. To find a proper type of bioreactor for the production of microbial cellulose, several production systems were developed. Using a reactor system with planar type impeller with bottoms sparging system, it was possible to produce 5 g/L microbial cellulose without generating cellulose minus mutants, which is comparable to that of static culture system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1653-1659
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• 2015

Epothilone, which is produced by the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, contributes significant value in medicinal development. However, under submerged culture conditions, S. cellulosum will accumulate to form bacterial clumps, which hinder nutrient and metabolite transportation. Therefore, the production of epothilone by liquid fermentation is limited. In this study, diatomite-based porous ceramics were made from diatomite, paraffin, and poremaking agent (saw dust). Appropriate methods to modify the porous ceramics were also identified. After optimizing the preparation and modification conditions, we determined the optimal prescription to prepare high-performance porous ceramics. The structure of porous ceramics can provide a solid surface area where S. cellulosum can grow and metabolize to prevent the formation of bacterial clumps. S. cellulosum cells that do not form clumps will change their erratic metabolic behavior under submerged culture conditions. As a result, the unstable production of epothilone by this strain can be changed in the fermentation process, and the purpose of increasing epothilone production can be achieved. After 8 days of fermentation under optimized conditions, the epothilone yield reached 90.2 mg/l, which was increased four times compared with the fermentation without porous ceramics.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2004

장수상황버섯(Phellinus baumii)의 균사체 성장 및 세포외 다당체(exopolysaccharides) 생산을 위한 액체배양의 최적 배지 및 배양조건에 관한 실험을 수행한 결과, 최적배양 온도와 초기 pH는 각각 3$0^{\circ}C$와 5.0으로 결정되었다. 탄소원의 경우, cellobiose와 maltose가 균사체 성장에는 양호하였으나 저조한 세포외 다당체 생산을 보였으며, 반면에 fructose 와 mannitol 은 상대적으로 높은 수율의 세포외 다당체 생산과 균사체 성장 또한 양호하였다. 최적 질소원으로는 yeast extract가 균사체 성장뿐만 아니라 세포외 다당체 생산에 효과적인 것으로 결정되었다. 최적 배지의 조성은 fructose 20 g/L, yeast extract 20 g/L 및 $CaCl_2$ 0.55 g/L이었으며, 최적 배양조건 하에서 5-L 교반 발효조를 운전한 결과, 최대 균사체 성장(17.43 g/L)과 최대 세포외 다당체 생산(3.6 g/L)을 얻을 수 있었다. 회수된 세포외 다당체는 glycoprotein이었으며 그 조성은 amino acid분석 결과 주로 arginine (14.1%)과 glycin (12.0%)이었으며, cabohydrate의 경우는 mannose (48.7%)와 arabinose (38.4%)이 주성분이었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2006

H. erinaceum은 식용은 물론 각종 약리효과를 나타내어 현재 산업적으로 매우 주목되고 있는 기능성 소재들 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 H. erinaceum의 기능성 소재화 연구의 일환으로, 지금까지 체계적으로 연구된 바 없는 H. erinaceum의 액체배양을 시도하고. 이 버섯 액체배양의 최적화를 수행하였다. 16종 버섯 배지의 플라스크 배양을 통해 우수 기본 배지를 선발하였고, 이의 반응표면분석에 의해 배지 및 배양조건의 최적화를 수행한 결과, 최적 배지 조성은 glucose 3%, yeast extract/peptone(1:1) 0.2%, $KH_2PO_4/MgSO_4$(1:1) 0.2%이었으며, 최적 배양조건은 $22.28^{\circ}C$, pH 5.67, 접종량 13.42%에서 얻어졌다. 이러한 최적 배지 및 배양조건하에서 얻어진 균사체량은 약 9 g/L 이었으며, 이는 기본배지에서 배양 8일 후 얻어진 최대값인 5.40 g/L에 비하면 약 1.7배 향상된 결과이었다. 하지만 H. erinaceum의 액체배양시 낮은 균체량과 비교적 느린 생육이 관찰되어 보다 높은 생산성의 향상을 위해서는 이에 적합한 새로운 형태의 fermenter의 선정 및 새로운 배양 system의 적용이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.