• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2011

The wholesomeness of 40 kGy irradiated ready-to-eat (RTE) bulgogi was evaluated by subacute toxicity studies (body weight, food consumption, organ weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathological examination) with groups of 40 male and female ICR mice fed the agent at dietary levels of 5% for 90 days. There were no treatment-related adverse effects with regard to body weight, food consumption, organ weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was also determined to be greater than dietary level of at least 5% (3900 mg/kg body weight/day for males, 3500 mg/kg body weight/ day for females) for samples under the present experimental conditions. These results suggest that, under these experimental conditions, RTE bulgogi irradiated at 40 kGy did not show any toxic effects.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of gait training with the use of an electromechanical gait trainer with functional electrical stimulation (FES) for patients that had undergone subacute stroke. Methods: The study subjects included nine subacute stroke patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul, Korea. Outcome was measured using the timed Up and Go test, Fugl-Meyer-L/E assesment, with determination of the comfortable maximal gait speed, composite spasticity score, functional ambulatory category and Berg balance scale. All measured scores were recorded before, during, and after rehabilitation and at an eight-week follow-up. Results: Patients who received electromechanical-assisted gait training in combination with FES after subacute stroke were more likely to achieve independent walking, functional activities, balance and gait speed. Conclusion: The outcome of our gait-training program demonstrates that it may be practical to integrate FES into electromechanical gait training without any adverse effects. However, further randomized controlled studies are needed to evaluate if patient outcome after combined training is superior to outcome after the use of electromechanical gait trainer treatment alone or conventional gait training alone.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2020

Objective : Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor VIII (MFG-E8) may play a key role in inflammatory responses and has the potential to function as a neuroprotective agent for ameliorating brain injury in cerebral infarction. This study aimed to determine the role of MFG-E8 in brain injury in the subacute phase of cerebral ischemia in a rat model. Methods : Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by occluding the middle cerebral artery with the modified intraluminal filament technique. Twenty-four hours after ischemia induction, rats were randomly assigned to two groups and treated with either recombinant human MFG-E8 or saline. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), and infarct volumes were evaluated using histology. Anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis were assessed using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/doublecortin (DCX), respectively. Results : Our results showed that intravenous MFG-E8 treatment did not reduce the infarct volume; however, the mNSS test revealed that neurobehavioral deficits were significantly improved in the MFG-E8-treated group than in the vehicle group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a significantly lower number of Iba-1-positive cells and higher number of RECA-1 in the periinfarcted brain region, and significantly higher numbers of BrdU- and DCX-positive cells in the subventricular zone in the MFG-E8-treated group than in the vehicle group. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that MFG-E8 improves neurological function by suppressing inflammation and enhancing angiogenesis and neuronal proliferation in the subacute phase of cerebral infarction.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.135-145
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• 2008

Objectives : To investigate therapeutic outcomes of back pain modalities in patients with disc herniation according to the duration by treated with herbal medicine, chuna, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture. Methods : We separated 36 patients with disc herniation into three group according to duration; acute patients within 4 week, subacute patients within 5-12 week, and chronic group within 13-24 week. 36 patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated with chuna therapy, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture one times a week and took herbal medicine after a meal two times daily. The patients' symptoms were assessed 1 week, 2 week, 4 week, 8 week by Visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI), 36-Item short-form health survey(SF-36). Results : 1. ODI of disability of daily activities showed significantly decreased in acute stage group compared to subacute and chronic stage groups(P<0.05). 2. Physical functioning(PF), bodily pain(BP), social functioning(SF) score of SF-36 showed significantly increased in acute stage group compared to subacute and chronic stage groups(P<0.05). Conclusions : This study suggests that acute stage group compared to subacute and chronic stage groups in patients with lumbar disc herniation is the more effective to improve symptoms treated with herbal medicine, chuna therapy, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1992

Rats were treated with physostigmine, using 0.75 mg/kg acutely, with 0.75 mg/kg daily for 7 dats, or with 0.15 mg/kg/h continuously for 7 days. Striatal dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities were studied. After acute treatment striatal DOPAC and HVA concentrations were significantly increased without changes in DA level 1 h, but not 24 h. And also the ratios of DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA were increased, suggesting an increased turnover of DA. however TH activities were decreased 24h, but not 1h after acute administration. After both daily and continuous treatment with physostigmine for 7 days, neither DA nor its metabolites were changed. However their ratios were decreased, suggesting a decreased turnover of DA. The TH activities were only decreased in the daily treated group, but not in the continously treated one. These results indicate that dopamine metabolisms are changed after acute and subacute administration with physostigmine. Further it suggest that the subacute stimulation of cholinergic activity may induce the dopamine metablism and activity to be decreased.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1084-1087
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• 1989

Subannular aortic aneurysm is a word-wide rare disease entity occurring predominantly in young black men. In Korea, there has been no report. We report one patient, 46 years old man, who had been operated urgently because of acute aortic insufficiency and aortic valvular vegetation after antibiotics treatment of Subacute bacterial endocarditis for 6wks. At the operative field, We found the bulging aneurysmal mass between the aorta and superior vena cava above the right pulmonary artery, which has subannular communicating opening into the left ventricular cavity, beneath the anterior commissure of the bicuspid aortic valve. Pathologic findings are consistent with "portion of vascular wall with features of aneurysm.* The patients survived aortic valve replacement and patch closure of subannular aneurysm, with no symptoms at one-year postoperative follow-up.w-up.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.401-409
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• 1998

Group of 40 male and 40 female ICR mice was given daily per oral treatment with the combination of enalapril plus Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), 3+9mg/kg/day(low dosage group), 10+30mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), 30+90mg/kg/day (high dosage group) for 3 months in drinking water according to Established Regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4.14). Appearance, behavior, mortality, and food consumption of mouse of treated groups were not affected during the experimental periods. No significant the combination of enalapril plus Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)-related changes were found in urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weight, Lung edema were observed and the weight of lung were increased in low dosage treated group of the male mice, which be associated with enalapril treatment, but these changes were not found in middle and high dosage group. Our results suggest that to toxic changes were found in rat treated orally with the combination of enalapril plus Ginko biloba extract (EGb 761) for 3 months.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2002

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential subacute toxicity of CJ-10882 by a 4-week repeated oral dose in dogs. The test article was administered once dally by gavage to dogs at dose levels of 0, 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross finding, organ weight, and histopathology were evaluated. Several clinical sign were observed in treated dogs at 50 mg/kg, including salivation and vomiting. Increase in the serum level of ALT and albumin observed in the female 50 mg/kg group was considered as a toxic effect related to the test article since the histopathological change in Liver was accompanied. There were no treatment-related effects on mortality, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings and organ weights in any treatment group. Based on these results, target organ was not observed and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 10 mg/kg/day and the absolute toxic dose was 50 mg/kg for both male and female dogs.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effects of heating-conduction acupuncture therapy on anterior talofibular ligament injury induced by acute and chronic ankle sprain. Methods: From April 19, 2010 to May 30, 2011 the 79 outpatients who had admitted to department of oriental rehabilitation medicine, Dae-Jeon oriental medical hospital, Dae-Jeon university with ankle sprain were performed heating-conduction acupuncture therapy on anterior taIofibular ligament injury. To evaluate the efficiency of heating-conduction acupuncture therapy, pain threshold with pressure algometer and visual analogue scale(VAS) were applied before treatment and after 1st, 2nd treatment. Results: 1. The pain threshold and VAS score showed significant improvement on acute subacute, chronic anterior talofibular ligament injury group. 2. The difference in pain threshold and VAS score between acute, subacute, chronic phase group was not significant. Conclusions: Heating-conduction acupuncture therapy has clinical effects of pan reduction on patient with anterior talofibular ligament injury.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1996

The renal toxicity of the extract of Polygalae Radix was investigated in rats. Rats were treated with 3.5 mg/Kg of the extract, i.p., for 7 days. Changes in consumatory behavior, 24 hour-urine and the activities of urinary enzymes were determined during the administration of the extract. Significant decrease in body weight and food consumption and increase in 24 hour-urine volume were observed during the administration. However, the quantity of total creatinine in urine was decreased significantly. Those indicate that subacute treatment with the extract might induce diuresis and the ditiresis might be due to the decrease in water reabsorption. In the activities of urinary enzymes, the activities of alanine aminopejotidase (AAP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were increased 4.3 and 3.5 times and then returned to the control. The activity of N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was increased 7.2 times and then decreased slowly. But, it was significantly higher than that of the control evea after the last administration. The activity of factate dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased continuozlsly during the treatment. It showed 32 times higher than the control. These results suggested that the extract of Polygalae Radix had toxic effect on kidney. Furthermore, the result suggested that the subacute administration of the extract induced resistance against the toxicity of Polygalae Radix.