• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.36.2-36.2
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• 2015

We report the first detection of linearly polarized emission at an observing wavelength of 350 mum from the radio-loud active galactic nucleus 3C 279. We conducted polarization observations for 3C 279 using the SHARP polarimeter in the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory on 2014 March 13 and 14. For the first time, we detected the linear polarization with the degree of polarization of $13.3%{\pm}3.4%$ (3.9sigma) and the electric vector position angle (EVPA) of $34.^{\circ}7{\pm}5.^{\circ}6$. We also observed 3C 279 simultaneously at 13, 7, and 3.5 mm in dual polarization with the Korean very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Network on 2014 March 6 (single dish) and imaged in milliarcsecond (mas) scales at 13, 7, 3.5, and 2.3 mm on March 22 (VLBI). We found that the degree of linear polarization increases from 10% to 13% at 13 mm to 350 mum and the EVPAs at all observing frequencies are parallel within < $10^{\circ}$ to the direction of the jet at mas scale, implying that the integrated magnetic fields are perpendicular to the jet in the innermost regions. We also found that the Faraday rotation measures RM are in a range of $-6.5{\times}102{\sim}-2.7{\times}103$ rad m-2 between 13 and 3.5 mm, and are scaled as a function of wavelength:| {RM}| ${\backslash}propto$ {lambda }-2.2. These results indicate that the millimeter and sub-millimeter polarization emission are generated in the compact jet within 1 mas scale and affected by a Faraday screen in or in the close proximity of the jet.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.834-839
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• 2009

DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 is the key enzyme responsible for DNA methylation, which often occurs in CpG islands located near the regulatory regions of genes and affects transcription of specific genes. In this study, we examined the possible association of DNMT1 polymorphisms with HBV clearance and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seven common polymorphic sites were selected by considering their allele frequencies, haplotype-tagging status and LDs for genotyping in larger-scale subjects (n = 1,100). Statistical analysis demonstrated that two intron polymorphisms of DNMT1, +34542G > C and +38565G > T, showed significant association with HBV clearance in a co-dominant model (OR = 1.30, $P^{corr}$ = 0.03) and co- dominant/recessive model (OR = 1.34-1.74, $P^{corr}$ = 0.01-0.03), respectively. These results suggest that two intron polymorphisms of DNMT1, +34542G > C and +38565G > T, might affect HBV clearance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2012

Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The agent causes muscle paralysis by preventing the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction of striated muscle. Botulinum toxin A (Botox, AllerganInc., Irvine, California) is the most potent of seven distinct toxin subtypes that are produced by the bacterium. The toxin was initially used clinically in the treatment of strabismus caused by hypertonicity of the extraocular muscles and was sub-sequently described in the treatment of multiple disorders of muscular spasticity and dystonia. In treating patients with Botox for blepharospasm, Carruthers and Carruthers [5] noticed an improvement in glabellar rhytids. This ultimately led to the introduction and development of Botox as a mainstay in the treatment of hyperfunctional facial lines in the upper face. Since its approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of facial rhytids (2002), botulinum toxin A has expanded into wide-spread clinical use. Forehead, glabellar, and periocular rhytids are the most frequently treated facial regions. Indications for alternative uses for Botox in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery are expanding. These include a variety of well-established procedures that use Botox as an adjunctive agent to enhance results. In addition, Botox injection is finding increased usefulness as an independent modality for facial rejuvenation and rehabilitation. The agent is used beyond its role in facial rhytids as an effective agent in the management of dynamic disorders of the face and neck. Botox injection allows the physician to precisely manipulate the balance between complex and conflicting muscular interactions, thus resetting their equilibrium state and exerting a clinical effect. This article will address some of the new and unique indications on Botox injection in the face (the lower face and neck, combination with fillers). Important points in terms of its clinical relevance will be stressed, such as an understanding of functional facial anatomy, the importance of precise injections, and correct dosing all are critical to obtaining natural outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.413-422
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• 1995

Cavitation erosion-corrosion implies damage to materials due to the shock pressure or shock wave that results when bubbles form and collapse at a metal surface within a liquid. If the liquid is corrosive to the material, a condition typically encountered in industry, the component materials may suffer serious damage by a combination of mechanical and electrochemical attack. In this study, the mild steel(SS41) was tested by using the piezoelectric vibrator with 20kHz, 24$\mu$m to cavity generation apparatus. The damage behaviour of vibration cavitation erosion-corrosion and the environment characteristics were investigated in various solutions which are seawater, tap water and distilled water. The main results obtained are as follows; 1) The cavitation erosion-corrosion damage behaviour in the seawater increases to occur at the equal degree on the middle portion and the outside portion of specimen. The distilled water specimen, on other hand, occurs beginning on the outside portion across to the middle portion of specimen. 2) The cavitation erosion-corrosion damage in the tap water of low specific resistance more increases than that in the distilled water of high specific resistance at the initial testing time and more decreases than that in it by the CaCO sub(3) film with testing time. 3) Cavitation erosion-corrosion damage characteristic divides into four regions; incubation region, acceleration region, deceleration region and steady state region.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.6
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• pp.667-674
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• 2004

Extraction of texts from images is a fundamental and important problem to understand the images. This paper suggests a text region verification method by statistical means of stroke features of the characters. The method extracts 36 dimensional features from $16\times16$sized text and non-text images using wavelet transform - these 36 dimensional features express stroke and direction of characters - and select 12 sub-features out of 36 dimensional features which yield adequate separation between classes. After selecting the features, SVM trains the selected features. For the verification of the text region, each $16\times16$image block is scanned and classified as text or non-text. Then, the text region is finally decided as text region or non-text region. The proposed method is able to verify text regions which can hardly be distin guished.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.297-309
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• 1990

Ginseng is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax Vtiinvtiefolilim in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native decidous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a sllrface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximillm machinery useage and to minimize labour requirements. Further, with only a four-year growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semiarid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture levels become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and much environment promotes high soil moistilre levels. Also, the modified environment reduces soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is sub-optimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.286-299
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• 2006

Due to the continuing technical progress in the capabilities of modeling, simulation, and sensor devices, huge volume data with very high resolution are common. In scientific visualization, various interactive real-time techniques on high performance parallel computers to effectively render such large scale volume data sets have been proposed. In this paper, we present a mobile volume visualization system that consists of mobile clients, gateways, and parallel rendering servers. The mobile clients allow to explore the regions of interests adaptively in higher resolution level as well as specify rendering / viewing parameters interactively which are sent to parallel rendering server. The gateways play a role in managing requests / responses between mobile clients and parallel rendering servers for stable services. The parallel rendering servers visualize the specified sub-volume with rendering contexts from clients and then transfer the high quality final images back. This proposed system lets multi-users with PDA simultaneously share commonly interesting parts of huge volume, rendering contexts, and final images through CSCW(Computer Supported Cooperative Work) mode.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3670-3676
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• 2011

A cell animation is represented by one background cell, and there is much difference of images when its shot is changed. Also, it does not have a lot of colors since people themselves draw it. In order to effectively detect shot transitions of cell animations while fully considering their intrinsic characteristics, in this paper, we propose a animation shot boundary detection algorithm that utilizes color and block-based histograms step by step. The suggested algorithm first converts RGB color space into HSI color one, and coarsely decides if adjacent frames contains a shot transition by performing color difference operation between two images. If they are considered to have a shot transition candidate, we calculate color histograms for 9 sub-regions of the adjacent images and apply weights to them. Finally, we determine whether there is a real shot transition by analyzing the weighted sum of histogram values. In experiments, we show that our method is superior to others.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2018

This study evaluates the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in reproducing the present-day (1981~2005) precipitation over Far East Asia and South Korea. The WRF model is configured with 25-km horizontal resolution within the context of the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) - East Asia Phase 2. The initial and lateral boundary forcing for the WRF simulation are derived from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Interim reanalysis. According to our results, WRF model shows a reasonable performance to reproduce the features of precipitation, such as seasonal climatology, annual and inter-annual variabilities, seasonal march of monsoon rainfall and extreme precipitation. In spite of such model's ability to simulate major features of precipitation, systematic biases are found in the downscaled simulation in some sub-regions and seasons. In particular, the WRF model systematically tends to overestimate (underestimate) precipitation over Far East Asia (South Korea), and relatively large biases are evident during the summer season. In terms of inter-annual variability, WRF shows an overall smaller (larger) standard deviation in the Far East Asia (South Korea) compared to observation. In addition, WRF overestimates the frequency and amount of weak precipitation, but underestimates those of heavy precipitation. Also, the number of wet days, the precipitation intensity above the 95 percentile, and consecutive wet days (consecutive dry days) are overestimated (underestimated) over eastern (western) part of South Korea. The results of this study can be used as reference data when providing information about projections of fine-scale climate change over East Asia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.538-543
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• 2004

Objective : This study investigated a neuroprotective effect of Puerariae Radix on cerebral ischemia. Method : The global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion under hypotension (40mmHg) in Sprague-Dawley rats. After the treatment of Puerariae Radix extract, changes of c-Fos and c-Jun expressions, immediate early genes expressed by cerebral ischemia, in the hippocampus were observed immunohistochemically. Result: The results obtained are as follows; The significant increases of c-Fos and c-Jun expressions were observed in the hippocampus of the ischemic damaged rat brains. Then Puerariae Radix treatment demonstrated significant decreases of c-Fos and c-Jun expressions in CA1 region and dentate gyrus as compared with control group. On the upregulated c-Fos expression induced by cerebral ischemia, Puerariae Radix treatment demonstrated significant decreases of c-Fos expressions in CA1 region (P<0.01) and dentate gyrus (P<0.05) as compared to the control group, but there were not a significant changes in CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. On the upregulated c-Jun expression induced by cerebral ischemia, Puerariae Radix treatment demonstrated significant decrease of c-Jun expression in CA1 region (P<0.05) as compared to the control group, but there were not a significant changes in CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Conclusion : These results suggested that Puerariae Radix reveals the neuroprotective effect through the reduction of immediate early genes, c-Fos and c-Jun, induced by cerebral ischemia.