• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1209-1219
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• 2003

The dynamic behaviors of the single vortex interacting with $CH_4-Air$ jet diffusion flame are investigated numerically. The numerical method is based on a predict-corrector scheme for a low Mach number flow. A two-step global reaction mechanism is adopted as a combustion model. Studies are conducted in fixed initial velocities for the three cases according as where $CO_2$ is added; (1) without dilution, (2) dilution in fuel stream and (3) dilution in oxidizer stream. A single vortex is generated by an axisymmetric jet, which is made by an impulse of a cold fuel when a flame is developed entirely in a computational domain. The simulation shows that $CO_2$ dilution in fuel stream results in somewhat larger vortex radius, and greater amount of entrainment of surrounding fluid than in other cases. Thus, the dilution of $CO_2$ in fuel stream enhances the mixing in single vortex and increases the stretching of the flame surface. The budgets of the vorticity transport equation are examined to reveal the mechanism of vortex formation when $CO_2$ is added. It is found that, in the case of $CO_2$ dilution in fuel stream, the vortex destruction due to volumetric expansion and the vortex production due to baroclinic torque are more dominant than in other cases.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.565-570
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• 2017

흡연으로 발생되는 담배연기는 주류 연기와 비주류 연기로 구분된다. 담배연기 중 실내로 확산되는 연기의 대부분은 비주류 연기이며, 비주류 연기의 유해물질 농도는 주류 연기의 농도보다 2~3배 높다. 본 연구에서는 $TiO_2$ 광촉매의 doping 성분에 따른 비주류 담배연기 내의 CO, $H_2S$, $NH_3$, HCHO의 제거 효율을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, CO가 최대 78.37% 제거되었으며, $TiO_2$ 광촉매 공정이 CO 제거에 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 CO, $H_2S$, HCHO의 제거에 있어서 $TiO_2$ 광촉매에 doping된 O, Si 성분에 의해 영향을 크게 받는다. 결론적으로, doping된 O, Si 성분이 많을수록 유해물질 제거효율이 높다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2004

Numerical simulation of $CO_2$ addition effects to fuel and oxidizer streams on flame structure has been conducted with detailed chemistry in H$_2$-O$_2$ diffusion flames of a counterflow configuration. An artificial species, which displaces added $CO_2$ in the fuel- and oxidizer-sides and has the same thermochemical, transport, and radiation properties to that of added $CO_2$, is introduced to extract pure chemical effects in flame structure. Chemical effects due to thermal dissociation of added $CO_2$ causes the reduction flame temperature in addition to some thermal effects. The reason why flame temperature due to chemical effects is larger in cases of $CO_2$ addition to oxidizer stream is well explained though a defined characteristic strain rate. The produced CO is responsible for the reaction, $CO_2$＋H=CO＋OH and takes its origin from chemical effects due to thermal dissociation. It is also found that the behavior of produced CO mole fraction is closely related to added $CO_2$ mole fraction, maximum H mole fraction and its position, and maximum flame temperature and its position.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2020

이 연구는 강원대학교 학술림 내의 산지계류를 대상으로 2년간(2017~2018)의 현지 모니터링에 기초하여 수온과 강우, 유량 및 기온 등 환경인자간의 관계를 분석하고, 계절별 산지계류의 수온변화 예측기법에 대하여 검토하였다. 동절기를 제외한 봄, 여름 및 가을철로 구분하여 단계적 다중선형회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 계절별 산지계류의 수온변화에 미치는 환경인자의 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 산지계류의 일평균 수온은 봄철 6.9~17.7℃로 기온과 유의적 관계를 나타내었고, 여름철 12.2~26.3℃로 기온, 유량과 유의적 관계를 나타냈으며, 가을철 3.6~19.3℃로 기온 및 유량과 유의적 관계를 나타내는 등 계절별로 산지계류의 수온에 미치는 영향인자는 다르게 나타났다. 다중선형회귀식은 봄철 (0.553×기온)+(0.086×유량)+4.145(R²=0.505; p<0.01), 여름철 (0.756×기온)+(-0.072×유량)+2.670(R²=0.510; p<0.01), 가을철 (0.738×기온)+(0.028×강우)+2.660(R²=0.844; p<0.01)이었다. 도출된 모든 회귀식의 결정계수(R²)는 기온만으로 예측한 경우보다 높게 나타났고, 봄철에서 가을철로 갈수록 증가하였다. 향후 정밀도 높은 산지계류의 수온변화 예측을 위해서는 지속적인 현지 모니터링과 함께 시·공간적 데이터의 확보가 중요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2005

본 연구는 Horton의 하천차수 구분방법으로 대상유역을 분할하고 하천차수별 유출량을 산정하고자 하였다. 등고선 데이터를 이용하여 소유역 하도망과 같은 유역의 지형량을 자동적으로 도출하였으며, 등고선 데이터를 모형화하여 하천 차수에 따른 강우 유출량을 해석하였다. 하천 차수별 첨두유출량을 계산한 결과, 1차 하천까지를 모두 고려한 유출량이 실측치에 근접한 것으로 나타났다. 본 등고선 모형은 향후 소유역별 하천 복원계획의 수립시 유효한 자료를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2015

It is reported that the intensity of rainfall will likely increase, on average, over the world on 2000. For water resources security, many studies for flow paths from rainfall or snowmelt to subsurface have been conducted. In Korea, few isotopic studies for characterizations of flow path have been undertaken. For a better understanding of how water derived from atmosphere moves to subsurface and from subsurface to stream, an analysis of precipitation and stream water using oxygen-18 and deuterium isotopes in a small watershed, Dorim-cheon, Seoul, was conducted with high resolution data. Variations of oxygen-18 in precipitation greater than 10‰ (δ¹⁸O_max = −1.21‰, δ¹⁸O_min = −11.23) were observed. Isotopic compositions of old water (groundwater) assumed as the stream water collected in advance were −8.98‰ and −61.85‰ for oxygen and hydrogen, respectively. Using a two-component mixing model, hydrograph separation of the stream water in Dorim-cheon was conducted based on weighted mean value of δ¹⁸O. As a result, except of instant dominance of rainfall, contribution of old water was dominant during the study period. On average, 71.3% of the old water and 28.7% of rainfall contributed to the stream water. The results show that even in the small watershed, which is covered with thin soil layer in granite mountain region, the stream water is considerably influenced by old water inflow rather than rainfall.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2015

As part of the waterway restoration to renew traditional urban area, this paper is to assume and research Gyoseocheon(Gyoseo waterway) in Late 1960s Cheongju Korea. The main stream of Gyoseocheon flew from Sangjwagol(the head of the valley) of Uam Mt. to the north gate under Cheongju castle at first, and meandering from Sangdang Park, flew through Sudongseongdang and Bangadari Road to Musimcheon since open railroad of 1920s. This waterway, the eco-friendly figure of Gyoseocheon, that flew to inside the downtown with a planted tree and that is open space was so. The sub stream of Gyoseocheon originated in Seoundong and Tapdong were divided into two parts. One was to join the main stream of Gyoseocheon on Sangdang Park via Munhwadong, and the other was to join the sub stream of Musimcheon at northwest corner via south and west gate of Cheongju castle. This waterway as branch sewer were built into the road culvert.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 전산유체역학(CFD) 모델을 이용한 수치 모의에서 춘천시 약사지구 도시 재정비 사업에 의한 약사천 복원과 아파트 단지 건설이 주변 지역의 오염물질 농도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 사업에 의한 영향을 비교하기 위해 도시재정비 사업 전과 후인 2011년과 2017년의 지형 자료를 이용하여 바람장과 오염물질 농도장을 모의하였다. 수치 실험에서 아파트 단지 건설의 영향과 하천 복원의 효과를 구분하여 분석하도록 시나리오를 구성하였다. 대상 지역의 평균적인 배경 바람장을 반영하기 위해 춘천 종관기상관측소(ASOS)의 풍향 및 풍속 자료를 유입 경계 조건으로 사용하고, 모의 결과를 유입 풍향의 8방위별 빈도에 따라 가중평균하였다. 시나리오 간 건물·지형 변화에 따른 풍속과 NO_X 농도 분포의 차이를 비교하였다. 그 결과 주변 도로에서 배출된 NO_X 농도는 아파트 단지 건설에 의해 증가하였으며, 아파트 단지 건설과 하천 복원을 함께 고려한 결과에서는 증가 폭이 감소하였다. 이를 지점별로 나누어볼 때, 복원한 하천 주변으로는 NO_X 농도가 감소하는 한편, 건설한 아파트 단지 주변으로는 농도가 크게 증가하였다. 아파트 단지 주변의 NO_X 농도 증가는 풍향을 기준으로 아파트 단지의 후면에 위치한 곳에서 더욱 뚜렷하였으며, 그 영향은 건물 높이까지 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 사업 대상 지역의 주풍향에 대한 아파트 단지 건설과 하천 복원의 상대적인 배치가 주변 대기질을 결정하는 주요 요소임을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2011

We analyzed the variations of water quality with flow regime alterations to determine the characteristics of the stream where the stream management is considerably difficult due to the high variability of the flow rates. In this study, both flow rates and water qualities were monitored at the tributaries, 34 in count, of both Geum River and Sabgyo Lake Basins. The variation of water qualities were divided into 2 types, based on their stream flow rates, known as Type I and Type II. If the water quality of a stream increases during low flow rate periods compared with high flow rate periods, it is classified as Type I; if the water quality of the stream increases during high flow rate periods compared with low flow rate periods, it falls under Type II. The analysis for the variations of water qualities, of all 43 basins, resulted to 24 basins under Type I and Nineteen 19 basins under Type II. The variations of water qualities were analyzed first by using Regression Analysis followed by Statistical Analysis. The average slope of the variations of water qualities and the slope of the standard deviations were 0.00135 and 0.00477, respectively. The Probability Distributions of both Type I and Type II basins were 61.1% and 38.9%, respectively. The basin having a probability distribution of 61.1% and is also known as Type I, increases during periods of low flow rates, due to the presence of point sources. Therefore, the basin should be enforced with stream management. Before the stream management can be implemented in all streams falling under Type II, the sources of contaminants should first be estimated. These contaminants can be classified into two parts, the first is Point source pollution and the second is Non-point source pollution, where the Non-Point source pollution can be sub-divided into two types, with storm runoff and without storm runoff.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2013

The $CO_2$ suppression characteristics and flame structure of nitrogen-diluted methane counterflow non-premixed flame were studied experimentally and numerically. To mimic a situation where combustion product gases are entrained into a compartment fire, fuel stream was diluted with $N_2$. A gas-phase suppression agent, $CO_2$, was diluted in the air-stream to investigate the suppression characteristics by the agent. For numerical simulation, an one-dimensional OPPDIF code was used for comparison with experimental results. An optically-thin radiation model(OTM) was adopted to consider radiation effects on the suppression characteristics. It was confirmed experimentally and numerically that suppression limit decreased with increasing nitrogen mole fraction in the fuel stream. A turning point was found only when a radiation heat loss was considered and the extinguishing concentration for turning point was differently predicted compared to the experiment result. Critical extinguishing concentration when neglecting radiation heat loss was also differently predicted compared with the experimental result.