• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.599-615
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• 2015

Teachers' philosophies have not been emphasized enough in the current teacher education curriculum even though teacher's philosophy palys a critical role in schools and classrooms. The examination on pre-service teachers' teaching philosophies is necessary to improve teacher education curriculum so that teaching philosophies are often discussed in the courses of 'pedagogical content knowledge' as well as 'general education.' Therefore, the current study investigated 44 pre-service teachers' teaching philosophies, their sub domains, and relationships among the sub domains. The previous studies regarding mathematics teacher's teaching philosophy were more about 'teacher's belief' and employed deductive inference approach using surveys or questionnaires. These studies commonly pointed out that there were three major domains of 'belief on mathematics itself,' 'belief on teaching mathematics,' and 'belief on learning mathematics.' As these three domains of teacher's philosophy has been strengthened, there were very few studies examining the other potential domains of teacher's teaching philosophy. According to the findings of the present study, which employed inductive inference approach and pre-service teachers' free essay writing assignment, 'belief on teacher's role in mathematics classroom,' 'belief on the purpose of mathematics education,' and 'motivation to be a mathematics teacher' were additionally illuminated as sub domains of teacher's teaching philosophy. Moreover, the interrelationship among the sub-areas of teacher's teaching philosophy was disclosed. Specifically, 'belief on the purpose of mathematics education' and 'motivation to be a mathematics teacher' influenced the other sub domains. This implies that the relationships among the sub domains of teacher's teaching philosophy were more likely to be causal and vertical relationships rather than independent and parallel relationships. Finally, the findings from the current study provide implications indicating how pre-service teachers' teaching philosophies might be established in mathematics education courses for future research and education.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.311-330
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the paternal involvement tendency and its effect on adolescent's self-esteem for boys and girls. Subjects were 607 1st and 2nd grade middle school students in Busan. The data were analyzed by t-test, one-way Anova, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. The scores on paternal involvement were influenced by the amount of time spent with parents, 5days work a week of father, flexibility of leaving work-time of mother, regularity of holiday work of mother as well as adolescents' and fathers' sociodemographic characteristic. For boys, self-esteem was influenced by all sub-scales of paternal involvement : the leisure-life, proffering information, academic support, eveηday life, material support, discipline, and tradition-inheritance. For girls, self-esteem was influenced by leisure-life, proffering information, academic support, everyday life, and material supports.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.719-726
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• 2005

The optimal design was performed for the bridge superstructure composed of steel box girders and concrete deck considering life cycle cost. The service life of the superstructure was estimated, after load carry capacity curves for steel girder and concrete deck were derived on the basis of condition grade curves and maintenance histories. The object function was determined as life cycle cost, including initial cost, total maintenance cost, disposal cost and user cost, for a period of the estimated service life. The optimal design of the superstructure was performed for the various service lifes. The annual costs were used to compare calculated results and to get the most economical design. Also this paper presents reasonable idea for the use of user cost with uncertainty.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.15-37
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• 2006

In this investigation of child's psychological wellbeing and parental satisfaction with dual income family(DIF), subjects were 297 3rd and 5th grade elementary school students and their mothers. Results showed that boys and younger children were more satisfied with mother's working than girls and older children. Mothers' DIF satisfaction was dependent on gross family income, parents' occupations, working conditions of each parent, commuter marriage status, and length of time in DIF. Child's psychological wellbeing related positively to mother's parental satisfaction, and to mother's satisfaction with parental roles, parent-child relationships, spouse support and child support. Only sub factors of dilemmas in parental role related negatively to DIF status. Child's satisfaction with mother's roles, father's roles, and mother working influenced mother's parental role satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.83-99
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation effect size between Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) and factors affecting BPN. Methods: This research was reviewed and synthesized systematically by meta-analyse. Fifty-eight published studies between 2008 and 2016 were sampled and the effect sizes were acquired. Results: The major findings were as follows. In general, medium correlation effect sizes were found. Competency among sub-factors of BPN showed highest effects. Parental factor was more related to BPN than school and individual factors. Parenting behavior and family psychological backgrounds were the most crucial factors in the parental factors. School adjustment was the most critical factor in the school factors. In school grade, the elementary school was more related to BPN than junior high school and high school. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest a number of components for parent-education programs, and information for future research.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.246-255
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions of the students about expectation and performance on the elementary teachers' science teaching. For this study, questionnaires were made based on the advanced article, and conducted to 279 elementary school students. The collected data were analyzed by the t-test, ANOVA, and $Scheff{\grave{e}}$. The results of this study were as follows: The perceptions of the students on the elementary teachers performance can not reach to those of their expectation. There was statistically significant difference in the some of the sub-domains of expectation and performance according to personal backgrounds (gender, grade, and interest toward science class). Based on the result of this study, implications to improve teachers' professionalism about science teaching were suggested.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.276-286
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• 1999

A computer code PARS2 is developed for the analysis of PSDRS, which is the safety grade RHRS of HAMMER, and applied to the investigation of the relation between design parameters and performance of PSDRS. The concept of the heat transfer resistance network is applied in assessing the importance of the various heat transfer modes. From the analysis results, the qualitative relations between the PSDRS performance and design parameters are found and guidelines for the PSDRS design procedures are also proposed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.402-406
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• 2018

In contrast to many of the malignant tumors that occur in the central nervous system in adults, the management, responses to therapy, and future perspectives of children with malignant lesions of the brain hold considerable promise. Within the past 5 years, remarkable progress has been made with our understanding of the basic biology of the molecular genetics of several pediatric malignant brain tumors including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour, and high grade glioma/diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The recent literature in pediatric neuro-oncology was reviewed, and a summary of the major findings are presented. Meaningful sub-classifications of these tumors have arisen, placing children into discrete categories of disease with requirements for targeted therapy. While the mainstay of therapy these past 30 years has been a combination of central nervous system irradiation and conventional chemotherapy, now with the advent of high resolution genetic mapping, targeted therapies have emerged, and less emphasis is being placed on craniospinal irradiation. In this article, the present and future perspective of pediatric brain malignancy are reviewed in detail. The progress that has been made offers significant hope for the future for patients with these tumours.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.221-238
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• 2008

Numerical solution to buckling analysis of beams and columns are obtained by the method of differential quadrature (DQ) and harmonic differential quadrature (HDQ) for various support conditions considering the variation of flexural rigidity. The solution technique is applied to find the buckling load of fully or partially embedded columns such as piles. A simple semi- inverse method of DQ or HDQ is proposed for determining the flexural rigidities at various sections of non-prismatic column ( pile) partially and fully embedded given the buckling load, buckled shape and sub-grade reaction of the soil. The obtained results are compared with the existing solutions available from other numerical methods and analytical results. In addition, this paper also uses a recently developed technique, known as the differential transformation (DT) to determine the critical buckling load of fully or partially supported heavy prismatic piles as well as fully supported non-prismatic piles. In solving the problem, governing differential equation is converted to algebraic equations using differential transformation methods (DT) which must be solved together with applied boundary conditions. The symbolic programming package, Mathematica is ideally suitable to solve such recursive equations by considering fairly large number of terms.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.278-290
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between learning skills and cognitive functions on elementary school students. In this study CAS and Learning Skills Test(LST) were administered with 3 to 6 grade, 60 students from 5 elementary schools. The data were analyzed according to Pearson's correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The results are as follows. Firstly, girls and older students showed significantly higher ability than boys and younger students on the learning skills. And girls significantly outperformed boys on the planning function and attention function and on the simultaneous cognitive function was the other way round. Secondly, learning skills were explained 41% by two variables that the planning function and the successive function which are sub factors of the cognitive function. And then, planning and successive processing effected to self-management, attention and planning to test-taking skills, successive processing and attention to class-participation skills, and successive processing to information processing.