• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.257-260
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• 2007

This study was designed to compare the self-rating scales (SSS, S-24, P-FA, and PSI) translated into Korean in adults with stuttering. Eighteen adults with stuttering were participated. Each scale was divided into two sub-categories, avoidance and locus of control. The correlations among the scales and among the sub-categories were evaluated. Objective stuttering severity and self-rated stuttering severity were compared. Results indicated that those scales were significantly correlated. Total score in each scale and each sub-category were also significantly correlated. There were no significant differences in total score nor subjective stuttering severity with objective stuttering severity. The self-rating scales in adults with stuttering currently used in clinics and research areas in Korea are suitable tools that adults with stuttering can evaluate the characteristics of and attitudes for stuttering subjectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 2006

Listeners' perception toward stuttering has been considered an important factor to the diagnosis and treatment of stuttering. This study intended to examine perceptual differences between speech language pathologists and laypeople toward children and adults with stuttering. A Total of 102 subjects were surveyed. speech language pathologists' perception was more stereotypical than that of laypeople. laypeople perceived adults and children with no significant differences but, clinicians viewed adults more stereotypically. speech language pathologists were not influenced by experiencer, but experienced laypeople perceived children more negatively although people who have stuttering family members showed a less stereotypically. item analysis revealed that both groups showed different perspectives between adults and children with stuttering.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.185-195
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• 2006

This study aims to clarify disfluency loci in a neurogenic stuttering group and to examine how the characteristics are different from a developmental stuttering group. For the study, spoken language samples were collected from 11 adults with developmental stuttering and 11 adults with neurogenic stuttering in the course of speaking tasks including reading, monologue and conversation. Using the collected samples, disfluency characteristics of the two groups were to be investigated by analyzing adaptation effect, consistency effect and frequency of disfluency occurrence according to word position, which are related to the occurrence loci of disfluency. Results of this study were as follows: First, while the neurogenic stuttering group did not show any adaptation effect, the developmental stuttering group showed the adaptation effect that the percent of disfluency word reducing as they read the same materials repeatedly. Second, there was no meaningful difference of consistency effect between the two stuttering groups. Third, the neurogenic stuttering group showed more disfluency frequency in final sounds among the word position compared to the developmental stuttering group.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between overt and covert characteristics of stuttering. This study included 10 adult participants who stutter. To analyze the overt characteristics, stuttering frequency, duration of stuttering moments, concomitant behaviors, and total score were scored based on the Stuttering Severity Instrument-Fourth Edition (SSI-4). Additionally, the modified Erickson scale of communication attitudes (S-24) and the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering for Adults (OASES-A; general information, reactions to stuttering, communication in daily situations, quality of life, and total score) were used to determine the covert characteristics. Correlation analyses showed no significant association between the overt and covert variables. However, there were significant correlations between the scores on the S-24 and the OASES-A. These findings support the perspective that the overt characteristics of stuttering do not predict the covert characteristics, and vice versa. Therefore, when evaluating and intervening with adults who stutter, it is important to consider these characteristics separately.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.227-236
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• 2005

For the exact assessment and diagnosis of stuttering, not only speech disfluency but also the attitude of stuttering has to be considered. However, clinical researches and studies about stuttering have tend to center around disfluency. Relatively little attention was paid to the communication attitude of stuttering. In this paper, we will attempt to investigate that the Modified Erickson Scale of Communication Attitudes(S-24) is available in Korean stutterer. The S-24 was administrated to 27 adults with stuttering and 27 normal adults. Based on the item analysis of S-24, 4 items which have the low item discrimination coefficient and are little difference between stutterer group and normal group were excepted from the scale. To test validity of the reconstructed communication attitude scale, we estimated a internal consistency and carried out correlation analyses and discrimination analyses. We found that the reconstructed scale had a high internal consistency(a = .8701), was consisted six components(explanatory power = 66.59% of total variation), correlated with the PSI at .439 and with the SESAS at -.527, and correctly classified between stutterers and normal adults at 92.6%. Consequently, the reconstructed communication attitude scale is a useful scale to assess stutterer's communication attitude in Korea.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate speech rate and fluency in stuttering adults. It was suggested that a measurement guideline of speech rate and fluency for collecting clinically meaningful data be used. Subjects included 10 adults who stutter (mean age=25;8). Syllables were used as the unit of measurement for analyzing the duration of speech. The mean rate was 241 SPM (syllables per minute) for reading, and 196 SPM for spontaneous speaking. Fluency was also measured in both cases. The correlation between rate of speech and fluency was high (r=0.92). A strong positive correlation was found between different investigators in measuring speech rates and fluencies.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper was to examine acoustical characteristics of phonatory offset-onset mechanism in the connected speech of female adults with stuttering and normal nonfluency. The phonatory offset-onset mechanism refers to the laryngeal articulatory gestures. Those gestures are required to mark word boundaries in phonetic contexts of the connected speech. This mechanism included 7 patterns based on the speech spectrogram. This study showed the acoustic features in the connected speech in the production of female adults with stuttering (n=1) and normal nonfluency (n=3). Speech tokens in V_V, V_H, and V_S contexts were selected for the analysis. Speech samples were recorded by Sound Forge, and the spectrographic analysis was conducted using Praat. Results revealed a stuttering (with a type of block) female exhibited more laryngealization gestures in the V_V context. Laryngealization gesture was more characterized by a complete glottal stop or glottal fry both in V_H and in V_S contexts. The results were discussed from theoretical and clinical perspectives.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

This study deals with how stuttering changes in its frequency in a situation where adult participants who stutter are exposed to one type of background noise, that is, multi-talker babble noise. Eight American English-speaking adults who stutter participated in this study. Each of the subjects read aloud sentences under each of three speaking conditions (i.e., typical solo reading (TSR), typical choral reading (TCR), and multi-talker babble noise reading (BNR)). Speech fluency was computed based on a percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) and speaking rate was also assessed to examine if there was significant change in rates as a measure of vocal change under each of the speaking conditions. The study found that participants read more fluently both during BNR and during TCR than during TSR. The study also found that participants did not show significant changes in speaking rate across the three speaking conditions. Some discussion was provided in relation to the effect of multi-talker babble noise on the frequency of stuttering and its further speculation.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2015

This study was mainly aimed at investigating on the effects of background noises (i.e., white noise, multi-speaker conversational babble) on stuttering rate and other speech-related measures (i.e., articulation rate, speech effort). Nine Korean-speaking adults who stutter participated in the study. Each of the participants was asked to read a series of passages under each of four experimental conditions (i.e., typical solo reading (TR), choral reading (CR), reading under white noise presented (WR), reading with multi-speaker conversational babble presented (BR). Stuttering rate was computed based on a percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) and articulation rate was also assessed as another speech-related measure under each of the experimental conditions. To examine the amount of physical effort needed to read, the speech effort was measured by using the 9-point Speech Effort Self Rating Scale originally employed by Ingham et al. (2006). Study results showed that there were no significant differences among each of the passage reading conditions in terms of stuttering rate, articulation rate, and speech effort. In conclusion, it can be argued that the two different types of background noises (i.e., white noise and multi-speaker conversational babble) are not different in the extent to which each of them enhances fluency of adults who stutter. Self ratings of speech effort may be also useful in measuring speech-related variables associated with vocal changes induced under each of the fluency enhancing conditions.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 2019

This study aimed to primarily examine perceptions about occupational suitability made by vocational counselors for adults who stutter and associated factors. A total of 69 vocational counsellors (23 per condition) took part in this study and were randomly assigned to recordings related to three different speech conditions (fluent, less-severe stuttering, and severe stuttering versions). The participants were asked to listen to one of the three recordings and rate the speaker's communicative functioning, personal attributes, and suitability for 31 occupations, along with perceptions of the speaking demands and educational requirements of the occupations. Regarding the two stuttering conditions, it was found that suitability ratings were lower for occupations with a high speaking demand than those with a low speaking demand. In addition, the most significant factor associated with occupational suitability ratings was perceived speaking demands, followed by perceived educational requirements, and then by ratings of the speaker's personal attributes. These findings suggest that adults who stutter may face role entrapment (or occupational stereotyping) in workplace settings.