• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.111-121
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• 2019

This paper reviews many aspects of ritual and traditional slaughter methods used to produce meat for human consumption in different countries. Undoubtedly, meat is an important source of nutrients that are essential for human health. The global meat market has become increasingly interested in Islamic halal and Jewish kosher slaughter, in particular because of potential market opportunities. The requirement for unstunned slaughter or reversible pre-slaughter stunning makes religiously-based methods of animal slaughter unique. This study suggests a simple framework for a halal and tayyib meat supply chain for the Muslim community that also maintains meat quality and wholesomeness from farm to table as a model for the religious slaughter of animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.406-413
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• 2014

A study was conducted to compare the effect of halal slaughter without stunning and gas stun killing followed by bleeding on residual blood content and storage stability of rabbit meat. Eighty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups of 40 animals each and subjected to either halal slaughter without stunning (HS) or gas stun-kill (GK). The volume of blood lost during exsanguination was measured. Residual blood was further quantified by determination of haemoglobin content in Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle. Storage stability of the meat was evaluated by microbiological analysis and measuring lipid oxidation in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). HS resulted in significantly higher blood loss than GK. HS had significantly lower residual haemoglobin in LL muscle compared to GK. Slaughter method had no effect on rabbit meat lipid oxidation at 0, 1, and 3 d postmortem. However, at 5 and 8 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$, significant differences (p<0.05) were found, with meat from the GK group exhibiting significantly higher levels of MDA than that from HS. At day 3, greater growth of Pseudomonas aeroginosa and E. coli were observed in the GK group (p<0.05) with B. thermosphacta and total aerobic counts remained unaffected by slaughter method. At days 5 and 7 postmortem, bacterial counts for all tested microbes were affected by slaughter method, with GK exhibiting significantly higher growth than HS. It can be concluded that slaughter method can affect keeping quality of rabbit meat, and HS may be a favourable option compared to GK due to high bleed out.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2000

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.244-252
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• 1999

Intensive selection for muscle development and against fat deposition in pigs during the last 50 years has contributed to the increased incidence of porcine stress syndrome (PSS) and pale soft exudative pork (PSE). Genetics, nutrition and management, preslaughter animal handling, stunning, dehairing and carcass chilling influence the incidence and magnitude of the PSE condition. The normal incidence of PSE has been reported to range from 10 to 30%, but in some isolated instances is up to 60%. The elimination of halothane-positive pigs in breeding programs has reduced PSS and PSE. Further improvements in meat quality by terminal sire evaluation and selection can be achieved within halothane-negative populations because around 20% of the variation in meat color and water binding capacity seems to be genetically related. Pre-slaughter handling on the farm, during transit to the packing plant and at the packing plant can greatly influence the meat quality, contributing 10 to 25% of the variation. An effective stunning method, skinning instead of scalding/dehairing and rapid post-slaughter chilling further reduce the incidence of PSE pork. In addition to proper care and handling a carcass-merit based marketing system, that reflected the value differential between desirable and undesirable meat quality in the pricing system for pigs, would provide a great incentive to change pork production systems in order to improve meat quality, thus improving the image and usefulness of pork as food.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

We investigated the effects of stunning methods and gas treatments during slaughter on the quality characteristics of chicken breast and small intestine. Broilers (Ross 308) were stunned and slaughtered using halal, CO₂, or N₂ gas stunning methods (for 10 birds). After slaughter, the pH, proximate composition, color, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and shear force of chicken breast muscle and small intestine were determined. Compared with the halal treatment, CO₂ treatment resulted in higher pH and lower cooking loss (P<0.05), and the pH, color, and shear force of chicken breast muscle with N₂ treatment were similar to those of the halal treatment (P>0.05). Compared with the halal treatment, the gas treatments resulted in lower pH and lightness and higher redness, yellowness, thickness, and shear force of the small intestine (P<0.05). However, compared with the CO₂ treatment, the N₂ treatment resulted in lower pH, redness, and yellowness, and higher lightness, thickness, and shear force. Overall, compared with the halal method, our results suggest that the use of N₂ gas suppresses the discoloration and deterioration of the texture of chicken meat and small intestine caused by CO₂ gas treatment in the gas stunning method.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2000

Purpose: We compared the first postoperative diagnostic and post-therapy scans of patients who received therapeutic doses of I-131, to investigate the difference in clinical outcomes between patients with concordant findings of diagnostic and post-therapy scans and patients with discrepant (more lesions in post-therapy scan) findings. Materials and Methods: The first postoperative diagnostic and post-therapy radioiodine scans of one hundred forty three patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma were reviewed. Diagnostic scans were obtained following ingestion of 185 MBq of I-131 and post-therapy scans were obtained after therapeutic dose of $3.7{\sim}9.3$ GBq of I-131. Successful ablation was defined as no radioiodine uptake on diagnostic radioiodine scan and normal range of serum thyroglobulin level (<10 ng/ml) during serum TSH elevation. Results: Discrepant scan findings were noted in 25 (17.5%) patients. Twenty-two patients (15.4%) showed more lesions in post-therapy scan and 3 patients (2.1%) showed stunning effect. Nine (64.3%) of 14 patients with distant metastasis revealed metastatic lesion(s) only on post-therapy scan. Stunning effect was considered as sublethal damage in 1 patient and treatment by a diagnostic dose in 2 patients. Ablation was achieved in 52.4% (75/143) of all patients. Ablation rate and mean cumulative radioiodine dose were not different statistically between concordant and discrepant groups. Conclusion: There were 17.5% difference between diagnostic and post-therapy scan findings when using 185 MBq of I-131 as a diagnostic dose. However, 64.3% of distant metastases were revealed only on post-therapy scan. Ablation rate and mean cumulative radioiodine dose were not different statistically between concordant and discrepant groups. The stunning effect was considered as not only sublethal damage but also treatment by a small diagnostic dose of radioiodine.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1446-1449
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• 2008

Immune system is composed of multiple cells with distinct functions, and immune responses are orchestrated by complex and dynamic cell-cell interactions. Therefore, each cell behavior and function should be understood under right spatio-temporal context. Studying such complexity and dynamics has been challenging with conventional biological tools. Recent development of new technologies such as state of art imaging instruments and microfabrication techniques compatible with biological systems have provided many exciting opportunities to dissect complex and dynamic immune cell interactions; new microscopy techniques enable us to observe stunning dynamics of immune system in real time. Microfabrication permits us to manipulate microenvironments governing molecular/cellular dynamics of immune cells to study detailed mechanisms of phenomena observed by microscopy. Also, microfabrication can be used to engineer microenvironments optimal for specific imaging techniques. In this presentation, I am going to present an example of how these two techniques can be combined to tackle challenging problems in immunology. Obviously, this strategy can readily be applied to many different fields of biology other than immunology.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

The potential for recovery of left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial revascularization represents a practical clinical definition for myocardial viability. The evaluation of viable myocardium in patients with severe global left ventricular dysfunction due to coronary artery disease and with regional dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction is an important issue whether left ventricular dysfunction may be reversible or irreversible after therapy. If the dysfunction is due to stunning or hibernation, functional improvement is observed. but stunned myocardium may recover of dysfunction with no revascularization. Hibernation is chronic process due to chronic reduction in the resting myocardial blood flow. There are two types of myocardial hibernation: "functional hibernation" with preserved contractile reserve and "structural hibernation" without contractile reserve in segments with preserved glucose metabolism. This review focus on the application of F-18 FDG and other radionuclides to evaluate myocardial viability. In addition the factors influencing predictive value of FDG imaging for evaluating viability and the different criteria for viability are also reviewed.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2020

Beginning a few decades ago, Baku, the capital city of Azerbaijan, has experienced a dramatic construction boom that is revitalizing its skyline. The expansive growth looks to uphold the historic past of Baku as a focal point within the Caspian Sea Region while also evoking aspirations for a city of the future. With superstructure complete and interiors progressing, the Ministry of Taxation (MOT) tower is the latest addition to the city, with its stacked cubes twisting above a multi-level podium at the base. Each cube is separated by column-free green roof terraces, creating unique parametric reveals of the developing surroundings. Aside from MOT's stunning shape, its geolocation resulted in unusually high wind loads coupled with high seismic hazards for a tower of its height. In addition, limitations on possible structural systems required stepping away from a typical prescriptive code-based approach into one that utilized Performance-Based Design (PBD) methods. This paper presents the numerous structural challenges and innovations that allowed the design of a new icon to be realized.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1348-1356
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• 2013

Disney Animation has showed not only artistic excellence but also technological innovations through a lot of animation films that they released. Especially with the unique concept that free-willed game characters dive into different worlds of games in animation film, received both critical and commercial acclaim for its stunning visuals and outstanding CG (computer graphics) effects. The purpose of this study is to analyze different styles of game worlds, Disney's layout pipeline, and in-house camera capture system used in . This paper analyzes that three game worlds in this film such as Fix-It Felix Jr., Sugar Rush, and Hero's Duty express different styles by using appropriate character animation and camera movements. Especially Hero's Duty game which new in-house camera capture system is extensively used maximizes unseen visuals by perfectly making realistic and believable game world. Disney's newly developed in-house camera capture system, which is used in this film for the first time, allows real camera's motion and shake and real-time camera's movement and correction within animation set. Result of this study proves that this system improves directing of feature animation and enhance efficiency of the layout department's production process. Therefore, it contributes to a great extent to development of animation films' business.