• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2014

Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index (NTI) require very precise dosing. Warfarin and digoxin are the examples of NTI-drugs and dosing of them varies widely for different patients. However, in South Korea, only two strengths of warfarin and one of digoxin are commercially available. This is a big barrier for the precise dispensing and has potential safety risks to patients, particularly to elderly patients. To find a potential solution to the problem, an analysis of the prescribed doses and dispensing patterns of those drugs was performed. Data were collected by computer-facilitated prescription review in a university hospital. The period screened was from May 1st, 2012 to April 30th, 2013. All the prescriptions with either warfarin or digoxin tablets were selected for this study and dispensing patterns were analyzed according to the prescribed doses. A total of 17,017 warfarin prescriptions were analyzed; 8,148 for inpatient prescriptions, 8,869 for outpatient prescriptions, respectively. Of the 23 kinds of prescribed doses, 2 mg (19.9%) was most frequent, followed by 3 mg (13.2%) and 2.5 mg (11.7%). By analyzing the dispensing patterns, 60.3% (10,253) of the prescriptions required pill splitting and 72.0% of them were for the patients 65 years old and over. On the other hand, 4,350 digoxin prescriptions were included in this study. Of the 6 kinds of prescribed doses, 0.125 mg (71.2%) was most frequent, followed by 0.0625 mg (20.2%). Among the prescriptions for digoxin, 92.0% (3,998) should be split and 65.7% of them were for the patients aged 65 years and over. Despite limitations of strengths, various doses of warfarin and digoxin were prescribed. Furthermore, more than half of the prescriptions that required pill splitting were for elderly patients. The results from this study suggest that different strengths of warfarin and digoxin should be provided for accuracy of dispensing and safety for patients receiving them.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 2003

'Pattern' is of very unique nature in each and every country around the world, and its aesthetic feeling of 'pattern' has been handed down according to its nationality and cultural development process. That is, 'pattern' is ornament to symbolize each country's aesthetic standard or choice through some shape, reflecting social consciousness or religion philosophy. Mostly based upon literature survey and case study, this survey paper analytically compares oriental botanical pattern with occidental botanical figure, which has been influenced by Buddhism-Confucianism and Christian religion respectively. The results show that some patterns are commonly used in both area, while meaning differently in some cases: lotus (life), pomegranate (wealth and prosperity in orient, resurrection in occident), grape (fecundity in orient, wealth in occident), dangcho (fecundity in orient, victory in occident). And the other patterns look uniquely used either just in orient or only in occident. For instance, oriental area had its own patterns such as peony (meaning wealth and honour), peach (longevity), ume flower (happiness), orchid (fecundity); while occidental area used lily (purity), olive (peace), palm (victory), and so on. Interestingly, the botanical patterns were used as main patterns in orient whereas as minor in occident.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.159-170
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• 2007

Objectives : The 7-zone-diagnostic system is a diagnostic device to predetermine bodily locations by measuring the energy of a living body. This study was to investigate the relation between the different patterns of Factor AA in a 7-zone-diagnostic system and clinical parameters. The purpose of this study is to relate Korean traditional medicine and western medicine using the data from the 7-zone-diagnostic system and the clinical parameters. Methods : This study was carried out with the data from some clinical parameters. We made two groups according to the Factor AA patterns of VEGA-DFM 722, the 7-zone-diagnostic system The Factor AA patterns of Group A named hyperenergy is all the red bar graphs that arehigher than the normal range. The Factor AA patterns of Group B named hypoenergy is all the red bar graphs that are lower than the normal range. After the data from clinical parameters corresponding with conditions of each group were selected, the data from clinical parameters among each group was analyzed statistically. Results : The values of Weight, GOT, r-GTP, Uric acid and BMI of Group A are higher than those of Group B. The values of Sodium and Phosphorus of Group A are lower than those of Group B. Conclusions : To conclude, it is thought that Group A has a heat-excess type but Group B has colddeficient type.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.71-89
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to design posture braces for rounded shoulders by examining characteristics of incorrect postures of rounded shoulders. The review of information in literature on rounded shoulder postures, correction exercise methods, and posture correction devices, has prompted this study to determine the design and material of a proper posture brace for rounded shoulders. In order to develop the pattern of a posture brace for rounded shoulders for women, the study carried out a comfort evaluation of the braces based on the 2D patterns through drafting method by utilizing the body measurements and relational formulae associated with the major body measurement such as bust circumference and on the 3D patterns of the brace which were obtained from 3D human model of women in their early 20s in Korea. Differences in angles were noted when 2D and 3D patterns of shoulder posture braces were compared. The side neck point was relocated farther outside in the 3D pattern to allow additional flexibility in the back-neck area, and the shoulder band was lowered by 14.8°, increasing armhole area comfort. The upper hemline of the front panel was found to rotate upward at an angle of 22.0° as the underarm point of the 3D pattern moved upwards than the underarm point of the 2D pattern, which enhanced comfort in the abdomen area. The 3D designs of shoulder posture brace was preferred in this study, as they significantly improved comfort while conducting fit evaluation compared to the 2D patterns of shoulder posture brace.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 2004

1. Objectives This study is for discovering the characteristics of the sleep in ordinary symptoms based on the Sasang Constitution. The result of this study could be helpful to understand and to identify the patients as Taeumin by contrast with non-Taeumin. 2. Methods There were 1,229 patients(529 men), who answered the questionnaire about their ordinary sleep patterns. They had been diagnosed, including their Sasang Constitution, by the Sasang Constitution specialist at Bundang Oriental Hospital of Dongguk university. Applying the binary logistic regression analysis to each item about ordinary sleep patterns and the diagnosed Sasang Constitution, we can measure the characteristics and influence of ordinary sleep patterns to the dependent variable(Sasang Constitution). 3. Results As a result of the binary logistic analysis on the observed questionnaire, we found the similar features of the ordinary sleep patterns on Taeumin by contrast with non-Taeumin. In order of influence that identify Taeumin or non-Taeumin, first, Taeumin has a tendency that he will snore well or frequently. Second, Taeumin has a tendency that he will not dream, when he sleeps by contrast with non-Taeumin. 4. Conclusions This study will be used to identify patients as Taeumin or non-Taeumin by means of a reference tool.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.330-346
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to link traditional patterns to modern clothing. Of all the traditional patterns, the cloud pattern was chosen for use during the development of a modern one-piece dress design. This study is based upon document searches, including research papers. Through these searches, it investigates the symbolic meaning, historical change, and formation of the cloud pattern. Based on this investigation, the study attempts to modernize the cloud pattern and apply the modernized patterns to the design of a one-piece dress. The design procedure includes three sub-processes: selection, arrangement, and color-scheme. The selection process was divided in two: first, the original form of the cloud pattern was hand-drawn using tracing paper: second, the form of the pattern was edited using Adobe Photoshop. The arrangement of the pattern was made through the checklist conception method, containing the following functions: expand, reset, repeat, and overlap. For the color-scheme of the pattern, Roy Lichtenstein's(1923~1997) work was selected, and the colors in his work were adopted when dyeing the rest of the one-piece dress as well as the cloud features. In conclusion, six modern designs of the one-piece dress were created by using one of Korea's traditional patterns - the cloud pattern. Therefore, this study can offer invaluable suggestions for multifaceted research on how to come up with design concepts which apply Korea's traditional patterns to clothing design.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.3-17
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• 2012

This study examines Korean speakers' production of English consonant clusters, focusing on vowel insertion. An acoustic analysis along with a statistical test was carried out to see what factors are involved in this production. The following factors were considered in the present study: phonetic properties, L1 transfer, and cluster types. Specifically, liquid types were considered to see if they cause any difference depending on C+/l/ or C+/r/ clusters in the onset in terms of vowel insertion patterns. That is, it was examined which Korean speakers produce better, C+/l/ or C+/r/ clusters. Interestingly, the result of the present experiment shows that the correct answer percent was higher in the C+/r/ onset clusters than C+/l/ onset clusters unlike Eckman's (1977) Marked Differential Hypothesis. In other words, the occurrence of the vowel insertion in C+/l/ clusters is higher than C+/r/ onset clusters. This may be attributed to L1 transfer. Furthermore, in the present study, three patterns of vowel insertion in the C+/l/ clusters were identified by implementing an acoustic analysis based on vowel duration and formant: a) vowel insertion with gemination, b) phonological epenthesis, and c) phonetic intrusion. However, phonetic intrusion mainly occurred in the C+/r/ clusters. Data were collected from 54 Korean speakers to see what factors are involved in vowel insertion patterns in the production of English consonant clusters. This study provides evidence for L1 transfer, the duration effect of /l/ in a different context, and three kinds of vowel insertion patterns in conjunction with gestural coordination by age groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.89-107
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• 2009

The main objective of the present study is to find out which factors affect coresidence between older Korean parents and their adult children and to examine the regional patterns of the phenomenon. The 1980, 1995 and 2005 Korea census data are used to investigate the determinants of two types of parent-child coresidence. The two types are coresidence with married adult children and one with unmarried adult children. The study takes advantage of the multilevel mltinomial logit model, allowing the model to capture regional differences. Findings from the study are: (1) Korean parents' coresidence with their married adult children and one with their unmarried adult children are distinctive in their determinants; (2) variables related to wealth or economic status are positively related with possibilities of both types of coresidence; and (3) considerable regional differences in the possibility of coresidence do exist among regions in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.499-513
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• 2004

This study identifies communication patterns of groups using Internet Messenger for their group decision-making, and examines how these patterns are associated with creative solutions to problems. Our research suggests that certain communication behavior of groups, when appropriately organized, can be of help in enhancing creative production of outcomes. A qualitative study was conducted on communication patterns based on an analysis of text-based electronic conversation protocols. Specifically this research tried to overcome existing studies on electronic groups by focusing on interactive process of communication among participants. The major study conclusions are: (1) The production of creative outcome may depend on the process or sequence of discussion among group members with Internet Messenger. That is, proper interactive responses and appropriate control of the discussion process are essential to obtain a high level of performance. (2) It is important to make discuss rules based on meta-cognitive and interactive protocols in the early stage. Explicit rules relating to internal group processes as well as communication medium use are even more important to groups with Internet Messenger than face-to-face groups.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.211-221
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• 2017

Objectives : The practices of Wei-qi and Nutritive-qi are generally divided into external Mai and internal Mai. However, they are closely interrelated and practiced together. While taking these aspects into consideration, this paper attempts to make interpretations in relation with Nutritive-qi the disease pathogens that appear in Shanghanlun's disease symptoms. Methods : Using the practice and function of Nutritive-qi described in Huangdineijing, the paper shall make interpretations for the patterns of Mawhangtang, patterns of Gaejitang, and the pathologies of pain, oedema, and nosebleed as described in Shanghanlun. Results & Conclusions : The pain from the patterns of Gaejitang differ from that of the patterns of Mawhangtang. First, the pain from the the patterns of Gaejitang cannot be the main symptom. Even if there is a symptom of pain, it's severity is not serious. Second, the pain from the patterns of Gaejiang takes the form of stiffness, and not general bodily pain. The reason for this stiffness is because of the emptiness of Wei-qi that leads to the congestion of Nutritive-qi which in turn causes the lack of qi and blood flow in muscula area such as abdomins. The symptom of oedema where one's body becomes swollen comes from a number of pathogens. First, the flow of meridian becomes hindered due to external dampness, a character which tends to be adhesive when added with humidty, and this results in the blockage of water qi which then causes the coagulation of nutritive blood. Second, when toxic heat is repressed and blocked within the lesser-yang channel, lesser-yang meridian stops working, which causes nutritive blood to clog at the front and back of ears since lesser-yang channel flows through that portion of body. Third, although oedema is not specifically mentioned in the sentences, but there exists the patterns of Daechungyongtang where water lumps are formed due to the accumulation and blockage of watery dampness. The patterns of Daechungyongtang is cuased when meridian is hindered from externally discharging body fluid due to a problem with meridian that blocks the fumigated internal heat which turns into bodily fluid from being discharged externally.