• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.325-348
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between job fitness, organizational justice(distributive, procedural, interactional), job satisfaction, organizational trust, organizational commitment, and voluntary turnover intention in private organization such as in small fire in Korea. To identify the these relationships, the secondary data or past studies that were related with job fitness, organizational justice, job satisfaction, organizational trust, organizational commitment, voluntary turnover intention was collected and theoretically arranged. I made the theoretical proposed model to explain these relationships between the constructs, identify the operational definitions and 18 hypotheses was established, there was executed the survey of 262 in employees. Using the collected data, previous performances to confirm the construct validity and internal consistency by EFA(Exploratory Factor Analysis); i.e. factor analysis by SPSS, reliability by cronbach's a, and by the CFA(Confirmative Factor Analysis) and structural equations modelling the proposed model was tested by LISREL v. 8.52. The research came to the conclusions as follows: First, three perceived justice had the positive effect to the job satisfaction empirically. Second, procedural justice in three perceived justice only had the positive effect to the organizational trust empirically. Third, distributive justice in three perceived justice only had the positive effect to the organizational commitment empirically. Forth, job fitness had the positive effect to the organizational commitment, organizational trust, job satisfaction empirically in perspective. Fifth, I found the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, between job satisfaction and organizational trust was positive, between organizational commitment and trust. Finally, job satisfaction, organizational trust had not the positive effect directly, but indirect effect via organizational commitment was identified in voluntary turnover intention by empirical test.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

The turnover time of the mucosal epithelium in the small intestine(jejunum and ilium) and large interstine(cecum), and the cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine was investigated with the radioautography in mice at various times after single injection of $^3H$-thymidine. Twenty suckling mice were sacrified at each of the following time intervals after injection ; 2 hrs, 1, 3, 5. 7, 14 and 17 days. 1. The labeled index of the epithelial cells in the crypt and the villus of the small intestine averaged 98.7% and 1.3% at 2 hrs, 982% and 1.8% at 1 day, 18.7% and 81.3% at 3 days, 6.3% and 93.7% at 5 days, respectively. The labeled index of the epithelial cells of the crypt-base, the upper-crypt and the mucosal surface in the large intestine averaged 71.8%, 28.2% and 0% at 2 hrs, 45%. 54.2% and 0% at 1 day, 17.2%, 54.5% and 28.2% at 3 days, 10.2%, 32.4% and 57.4% at 5 days, respectively. This result suggested that the turnover time of all the epithelial cells migrating from crypts to villi in the direction of the villus tips was calculated to be less than 5 days, and also the longest turnover time was calculated to be no longer than 7 day. 2. The labeled index of the total cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine averaged 6.2-7% at 2 hrs to 5 days, 4.7% at 7 days 2.6% at 17 days and this index is tend to be decreased moderately at 7 days and severely at 17 days. So this result suggested that the turnover time of the cells with the shorter cycle duration in the lamina propria of the small intestine were less than 5 days and that of the cells with the longer cycle duration more than 17 days.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-44
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the previous studies done on the child-care teacher's turnover intentions. From 2001 to 2011, 33 articles which reforted primary empirical data met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The results of this study are as follo ws: First, included in the main factors related to child-care teachers' turnover intentions were a job-related variable, an organizational internal variable and an organizational external variable. Second, the most influential protective variable related to the child-care teacher's turnover intentions among the set of organizational external variables was work-time followed by welfare, education and training, remuneration, social recognition and promotion system. Third, the most influential protective variable related to child-care teachers' turnover intentions among the set of job-related variables was teacher efficacy followed by job satisfaction, participation of decision making, performance, work-autonomy and work-professionalism. Fourth, the most influential protective variable related to the child-care teacher's turnover intentions among the set of organizational internal variables was personal relations followed by relationships with the director and relationships with colleagues. The effect size of these variables was large. Fifth, the results of meta-regression analysis revealed that the survey area and years had no significant effect on overall effect sizes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

Although amino acids are substrates for the synthesis of proteins and nitrogen-containing compounds, it has become more and more clear over the years that these nutrients are also extremely important as regulators of body protein turnover. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) together or simply leucine alone stimulate protein synthesis and inhibit protein breakdown in skeletal muscle. However, it was only recently that the mechanism(s) involved in the regulation of protein turnover by BCAAs has begun to be defined. The acceleration of protein synthesis by these amino acids seems to occur at the level of peptide chain initiation. Oral administration of leucine to food-deprived rats enhances muscle protein synthesis, in part, through activation of the mRNA binding step of translation initiation. Despite our knowledge of the induction of protein synthesis by BCAAs, there are few studies on the suppression of protein degradation. The recent findings that oral administration of leucine rapidly reduced $N^{\tau}$-methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine; MeHis) release from isolated muscle, an index of myofibrillar protein degradation, indicate that leucine suppresses myofiblilar protein degradation. The details of the molecular mechanism by which leucine inhibits proteolysis is just beginning to be elucidated. The purpose of this report was to review the current understanding of how BCAAs act as regulators of protein turnover.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2003

Currently bone biochemical markers are considered to be the best indicators of present and the future state of bone turnover. A recent study has reported that chlorella increases the bone mineral density (BMD) on postmenopausal women, but presently there are no studies on bone biochemical markers treated with chlorella dietary supplementation. The purpose of the present study was to assess the bone biochemical markers for the short term and long term treatment groups, and non-treatment group as a control. Twenty two postmenopausal woman were treated for four months and eighteen for one year with 4 gm of chlorella dietary supplementation per day, and then assessed bone biochemical markers from serum and urine samples. Bone turnover rates calculated with Osteocalcin (OC), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) as a bone formation markers and deoxypyridinoline (DP), cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx) as a bone resorption markers, showed 1131$\pm$87% for control group, 61$\pm$11% for short term treated group and 190$\pm$101% for long term treated group. We conclude that chlorella dietary supplementation enhances the bone formation, and NTx as a single markers, OC/Dp as a single markers of bone turnover rate were very useful tools for determine the effectiveness of chlorella dietary supplementation (or the postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.121-136
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• 2012

This study is a qualitative research on job transfer experiences of child care teachers and directors of child care centers. The research was conducted on 21 participants: 10 child teachers and 11 directors of child care centers in Seoul and Gyeong-gi province. Focus group interviews were held at the subjects' child care centers in July 2011. Each focus group participated in one interview and the average length of these interviews was 2 hours. Four focus group interviews were recorded and transcribed. The gathered data was analyzed within and across groups according to focus group interview analysis methods. The analysis showed five categories in both the teacher group and the director group. Reorganizing this analysis revealed three phases: before, in the course of, and after the transfer. Further description about the job transfer was given for each phase of the two groups. This research is significantly meaningful in that it brings light to the experiences around job transfer for both groups at the same time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.478-493
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• 2015

The present study is aimed to investigate on the moderation of self-rated political skill on the relationships between perceived co-workers' politics and outcome variables (OCB toward co-workers and turnover intention). The used data for analysis was collected from 375 employees who have worked for public and private companies located in Jeju. The results are as follows. First, the main impacts of perceived co-workers politics(PCP) on OCB-C was not statistically significant, whereas the relation of PCP to turnover was positively significant. Second, moderating effects by political skill in the relationship perceived co-workers' politics and OCB-C was not significant, but the moderation in the relation perceived co-workers' politics-to-turnover intention was supported. Implications of the current study are 1) the casual effects of politics on OCB was demonstrated, in particular, the results of previous studies which was not consistent to account for the impact of politics on OCB was proved by the differentiation of research target. The result will help to understand perceived politics. In addition, moderation of political skill in the relation perceived co-workers' politics-to-turnover intention will contribute to expand researcher area of political skill.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.14.1-14.9
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• 2017

Background: Garlic and its constituents are reported to have been effective in reducing methane emission and also influence glucose metabolism in body; however, studies in ruminants using garlic leaves are scarce. Garlic leaves contain similar compounds as garlic bulbs, but are discarded in field after garlic bulb harvest. We speculate that feeding garlic leaves might show similar effect as garlic constituents in sheep and could be potential animal feed supplement. Thus, we examined the effect of freeze dried garlic leaves (FDGL) on rumen fermentation, methane emission, plasma glucose kinetics and nitrogen utilization in sheep. Methods: Six sheep were fed Control diet (mixed hay and concentrate (60:40)) or FDGL diet (Control diet supplemented with FDGL at 2.5 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$ of sheep) using a crossover design. Methane gas emission was measured using open-circuit respiratory chamber. Plasma glucose turnover rate was measured using isotope dilution technique of [$U-^{13}C$]glucose. Rumen fluid, feces and urine were collected to measure rumen fermentation characteristics and nitrogen utilization. Result: No significant difference in rumen fermentation parameters was noticed except for rumen ammonia tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in FDGL diet. Methane emission per kg dry matter ingested and methane emission per kg dry matter digested were lower (P < 0.05) in FDGL diet. Plasma glucose concentration was similar between diets and plasma glucose turnover rate tended to be higher in FDGL diet (0.05 < P < 0.1). Nitrogen retention was higher (P < 0.05) and microbial nitrogen supply tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in FDGL diet. Conclusion: FDGL diet did not impair rumen fermentation, improved nitrogen retention; while absence of significant results in reduction of methane emission, glucose turnover rate and microbial nitrogen supply, further studies at higher dose would be necessary to conclude the merit of FDGL as supplement in ruminant feedstuff.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.317-332
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• 2020

Purpose - This study examines the information effect and trading behavior of investors for the 430 stock split data from January 2004 to June 2018 in the Korean stock market. Design/methodology/approach - The stock split samples are classified into two groups by split ratio as well as three groups by price level prior to split. We also investigate the trading behavior of investors categorized by institutional versus individual investors. Findings - First, we find a significantly positive information effect on the announcement day. In particular, the information effect is more distinct in the group of larger split ratio and higher price level of stocks. Second, we find a huge increase in turnover following the stock splits, which mainly results from the trading by individual investors. Also, the increase in turnover by individual investors is evident in the group of larger split ratio and higher price level of stocks. Third, the stock splits have a negative impact on the long-term stock performance. The negative buy-and-hold abnormal return(BHAR) makes no difference in the groups by split ratio as well as price level of stocks. Lastly, we find individual investors tend to buy splitted stocks, which exhibit the long-term under-performance. Research implications or Originality - The results in this paper suggest that the liquidity hypothesis is not supported in the Korean stock splits. In addition, we observe that individual investors are exposed to losses due to their unfavorable trading behavior following the stock split.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 1988

This paper studies class-based turnover assignment rule in terms of the expected travel time in automated storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS). With the rack face not necessarily in square in time, travel time models of two and three-class systems are developed, from which class partition values are determined for single command cycle. Also, the effects of the system parameters such as the rack shape factor and the skewness of the ABC curve are evaluated on the travel time through example problems.