• Title/Summary/Keyword: students' levels

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A Study on Causality Among Leisure Identity Salience, Leisure Constraints Negotiation, and Intentions for Participating Leisure Activity (여가제약 수준에 따른 여가정체성 현출성, 여가제약 협상전략 및 여가활동 참가의도 간의 인과관계 검증)

  • Oh, Sae-Sook;Shin, Kyu-Lee;Yeon, Boon‐Hong
    • 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.305-314
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    • 2012
  • This study estimated the causal relationship among leisure identity salience (LIS), leisure constraints negotiation (LCN), and intentions to participate in leisure activity (IPLA). For this, we estimated structural equation models controlled by leisure constraints, and we used data collected from 296 college students residing in Seoul and Kyoung-gi providence. The following was obtained. First, for both groups with high and low levels of leisure constraints, LIS positively caused LCN, and this became more evident for the group with high level of leisure constraint. Second, for the group with low level of leisure constraints, LIS positively and directly caused IPLA, whereas this causal relationship could not observed from the group with high level of leisure constraints. Nevertheless, it indirectly and positively caused IPLA though LCN for the same group. This implies that the mediative role of LCN became more important as the level of leisure constraints became more restrictive. Further, we separately showed that the role of LIS was important in the process of LCN.

Investigation of acoustic performances of the creative convergence classrooms in elementary schools (초등학교 창의융합교실의 음향성능 조사)

  • A-Hyeon Jo;Chan-Hoon Haan
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.285-297
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    • 2023
  • The present study aims to investigate the acoustic performance of the creative convergence classrooms in Korea used by elementary school students under the age of 9 introduced through the school space innovation project. In order to do this, acoustic performances of three creative convergence classrooms were measured. The measured acoustic parameters were background noise levels, Reverberation Time (RT), D50, Speech Transmission Index (STI), and Inter-Aural Cross Correlation (IACC). Also, acoustic parameters including Transmission Loss (TL) and standardized level difference (DnT) have been measured for the analysis of sound insulation performance of walls. In addition, the noise level was measured according to the opening conditions of doors and windows in the classroom. As a result, background noise level was measured at an average of 28.0 dB(A) to 32.8 dB(A) when the air conditioner was not operated, and the RT did not exceed 0.6 s. There were differences in IACC according to various desk layouts, and IACC values were high in the center line and the seats near the sound source. In particular, higher IACC was measured at the seats on the center line facing the source squarely. Regarding noise level in the classroom according to the opening conditions of doors and windows, the standards were exceeded when all windows, or windows and doors front onto the corridor were opened.

Challenges faced by elementary teachers in implementing the five practices for effective mathematical discussions (효과적인 수학적 논의를 위한 5가지 관행의 적용 과정에서 초등학교 교사들이 직면하는 어려움)

  • Pang, JeongSuk;Kim, Sohyeon;An, Hyojoo;Chung, Jisu;Kwak, Giwoo
    • The Mathematical Education
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    • v.62 no.1
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    • pp.95-115
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    • 2023
  • Even the teachers who agree with the necessity of effective mathematical discussions find it difficult to orchestrate such discussions in the actual lessons. This study focused on analyzing the difficulties 15 elementary school teachers faced in applying "the five practices for orchestrating productive mathematics discussions" to their lessons. Specifically, this study analyzed the process of planning, implementing, and reflecting on the lessons to which three or four teachers as a teacher community applied the five practices. The results of this study showed that the teachers experienced difficulties in selecting and presenting tasks tailored to the student levels and class environment, monitoring all students' solutions, and identifying the core mathematical ideas in student solutions. In addition, this study revealed practical and specific difficulties that had not been described in the previous studies, such as writing a lesson plan for effective use, simultaneously performing multiple teacher roles, and visually sharing student presentations. This study is expected to provide practical tips for elementary school teachers who are eager to promote effective mathematical discussions and to provoke professional discourse for teacher educators through specific examples.

Do good return policies work across cultures? Effect of lenient return policies on online shopper perceptions in Eastern culture

  • Yang, SuJin;Choi, Yun Jung
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.75-97
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    • 2013
  • While good return policies are suggested as one of the critical services for e-commerce, ambivalence between the burden of the cost and shoppers' satisfaction may prevent e-tailers from increasing their level of leniency. Based on the S-O-R model, this study has attempted to develop a grounded theory to explain how lenient return policies shape online shoppers' perceptions and responses, with a focus on cultural influences in the relationship. In order to check the cultural effects of the lenient return policy, thirty two female and eleven male undergraduate students in South Korean shoppers, who are accustomed to strict return policies, participated in the semi-structured interview. A series of open-ended questions were designed to explore consumers' reactions toward four different levels of the lenient return policy: from the strict type in South Korea to the lenient type in the U.S. Using qualitative research methods, this research has defined three types of dimensions of lenient return policy: return possible period, complexity of progress, and other restrictions. While previous researchers did not pay much attention, the last dimension, other restrictions, is shown to be the most significant in influencing online shoppers' perceptions, especially in South Korea. Also, the impacts on online shoppers' perceptions from the three types of sub-dimensions of return policy were somewhat different. Whereas a longer return possible period was considered more favorable, a medium level of complexity and restrictions were considered more desirable. In summary, this result showed that shoppers in Eastern cultures, i.e. South Korean online shoppers, seem favorable to a medium level of lenient return policies, while allowing for taking precautions against possible fraudulent behaviors and setting other restrictions. Therefore, most of retailers in South Korea recommended that e-tailers who adopt the most lenient return policies raise the bar to guard ethical shoppers from fraudulent users. Next, lenient return policies can enhance ease of use, usefulness, affect, and trust while relieving perceived risk, which is connected to intention to purchase, satisfaction, and loyalty. Interestingly, lenient return policies are more likely to change the behavioral responses of online shoppers, such as return and purchase, rather than change their attitudes or beliefs such as image, satisfaction, and loyalty. This tendency can be seen more clearly in the direct influences of return policy on responses. The reaction to lenient return policy is mostly the intention to return or to purchase. This suggests that return policy serves the e-tailers as a powerful tool in increasing online shoppers' purchase intention at the moment of purchase. Therefore, e-tailers who plan to expand their market to eastern countries, including South Korea, have to build a shield of restrictions around their lenient return policy, rather than immediately applying their original liberalized return policy. Also, e-tailers in South Korea need to review their strict and undifferentiated return policies to deal with the unsatisfied reactions of online shoppers toward their normal return policies. Although the present study was confined to the return policies currently being practiced by popular e-tailers, it would be worthwhile to develop effective return policies separately for each country, especially South Korea, keeping the culture of the relevant country in mind.

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The relationships between individual values, nature-relatedness, and happiness (가치 추구, 자연과의 연결감 및 행복과의 관계)

  • Ji young Suh;Young sook Chong
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.313-342
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between individual values, nature-relatedness, and happiness in a sample of Korean university students(N=224). Specially, we used Schwartz's PVQ, life satisfaction, positive affect, psychological well-being, social well-being, and Korean Happiness scale to measure values and happiness. According to the bivariate correlational analysis, generally, there were positive correlation between benevolence, self-direction, universalism, stimulation and one of 5 happiness measurements and there was negative correlation between achievement and life satisfaction. Nature-relatedness were positively related with five types of happiness measurements. According to the hierarchical regression, demographic variables(sex, religion, economic levels), value types, and nature-relatedness explained 25%~36% of variance in happiness. Value was more related with psychological well-being than life satisfaction, positive affect, social well being, Korean happiness scale. This results emphasize the importance of healthy value(benevolence, self-direction) and provision of opportunities contact with nature to promote human happiness.

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The Influence of social support, depression, self-control on job stress in job seekers (취업준비생의 우울, 사회적지지, 자기통제력이 취업스트레스에 미치는 영향)

  • Eun-Ju Yoo;Hyo-Jin Park;Hwa-Myung Lee
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.5
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    • pp.125-131
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    • 2023
  • This study is a descriptive research study to identify the social support, depression, self-control, and employment stress levels of job seekers and to identify their correlation and influencing factors. The subjects of the study scored 4.13 points for social support, 0.79 points for depression, 3.10 points for self-control and 2.15 points for employment stress. The results of analyzing employment stress according to the general characteristics of the subjects showed that there was no statistically significant difference in gender, and there were significant differences in age, grade, major, and grades. Employment stress of the subjects is employment stress-depression (r=.625, p=).001), employment stress - self-control (r=.251, p=.001) and employment stress - social support (r=-, 519, p=).001) showed a negative correlation. Depression is depression-social control (r=.300, p=).001) shows a static correlation and depression-social support (r=-.503, p=).001) shows a negative correlation. Social support was not correlated with social support-self-control (r=-.059, p=414). Social support and depression were the factors affecting employment stress. We would like to provide basic data on programs and education to reduce the employment stress of college students.

A Study on the Relationship between Health Equity and Subjective Health Status of Adolescents (청소년의 건강 형평성과 주관적 건강상태와의 관계 연구)

  • Kyung-Shin Paek
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.864-873
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    • 2022
  • The subjective health status of adolescence reflects one's overall socio-emotional function and is an important factor in determining the health-related quality of life during this period. This study was to identify the correlation between subjective health status and health equity of adolescents. Data from the 16th online survey of youth health behavior (2020) was used to analyze 39,987 adolescents. Health equity was used as indicator for residential areas, economic conditions perceived by students, household abundance, family type, and parental education. Subjective health status was classified as a healthy group("very healthy", "healthy") and unhealthy group("normal", "unhealthy", and "very unhealthy") in response to the question "how do you think your health is usually?" The data were analyzed using complex sample analysis by using SPSS/Win 22.0. Significant factors related to the subjective health status of subjects were the area of residence (OR=0.86, p=.031), economic level (OR=1.33-2.09, p<.001), and family type (OR=1.24, p=.033). The economic level perceived by adolescents was the most important variable related to the subjective health status of adolescents, and adolescents from multicultural families often perceived their health as unhealthy compared to adolescents from general families. Therefore, there is a need for continuous interest in adolescents with low economic levels and adolescents from multicultural families and specific strategies to improve their health status.

Derivation of Representative Emotions Through Analysis of Perceived Frequency Profiles of Various Emotions According to Levels of Cognitive Well-Being (인지적 안녕감 수준에 따른 다양한 감정의 지각된 빈도 프로파일 분석을 통한 대표 감정 도출)

  • Dahye Han;Guk-Hee Lee
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.83-100
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    • 2023
  • This study determines whether the perception of the frequency of experiencing positive, negative, and surprise emotions changes according to the level of cognitive well-being. Furthermore, we determined practical means to analyze which emotions can be managed in daily life as an effective means of improving overall life satisfaction by identifying representative specific emotions that strongly predict the level of cognitive well-being. To this end, the between-subjects factorial design is adopted to measure the frequency of emotional experiences according to the level of cognitive well-being in 438 university undergraduate students. For cognitive well-being, the life satisfaction scale (SWLS) was used, and the PANAS-X scale was used to measure emotional frequency. As a result, first, the group with high cognitive well-being displays a higher frequency of positive and surprise emotional experiences and a lower frequency of negative emotional experiences than the group with low cognitive well-being. Second, the results confirm that representative emotions affecting cognitive well-being included 8 positive emotions, 7 negative emotions, and 1 surprise emotion. Among them, positive emotions include "happy" and "confident," negative emotions include "dissatisfied with self" and "disgusted with self," and surprise emotions include words such as "amazed." Therefore, we can conclude that the representative emotions are those with the greatest influence on cognitive well-being. Therefore, increasing the frequency of specific emotions (e.g., happy, confident, and surprise) and decreasing the frequency of others (e.g., dissatisfied with self and disgusted with self) could be effective in improving cognitive well-being than unconditionally examining emotions experienced in daily life.

A Study on Student Players' Mental Strength in Taekwondo Competition from a Philosophical Perspective (철학적 관점에서의 태권도 겨루기 학생 선수 정신력에 관한 연구)

  • Ki-Sam Kim
    • Journal of Industrial Convergence
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.105-115
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    • 2024
  • This study aimed to analyze the impact of mental strength on the competitive performance of student Taekwondo sparring athletes. A total of 343 middle school, high school, and university students registered as Taekwondo sparring athletes with the Korea Taekwondo Association were conveniently sampled. The Mental Toughness Test developed by Loehr was utilized after expert consultations. Data analysis involved t-tests and one-way ANOVA to assess the levels of mental strength sub-factors based on general characteristics, followed by post hoc tests using the Schéffe method for intergroup comparisons. Correlation analysis and multiple regression were conducted to examine the relationship between sub-factors of mental strength and competitive ability. The results indicated significant differences in mental strength sub-factors-confidence, level of awakening regulation, visualization and mental imagery regulation, motivation level, positive energy, and attitude control-based on gender and age among Taekwondo sparring student athletes. In terms of perceived competitive ability, significant differences were found based on age and sports experience. Consequently, beyond psychological training, the study revealed that age and diverse experiences positively influence specific aspects of mental strength among Taekwondo sparring student athletes. Therefore, coaching and training for these athletes, particularly during middle and high school years, should incorporate psychological aspects alongside diverse competition experiences and training to help overcome performance evaluation anxieties during matches.

A Preliminary Study on Competency Extraction for Fashion Design and Merchandising Majors (패션디자인 및 머천다이징 전공의 역량 추출에 대한 기초 연구)

  • Lee, Hana;Lee, Yhe-Young
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.101-117
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    • 2024
  • The aim of this study is to identify the competencies required for fashion-related majors that meet contemporary demands, align with the objectives of university education, and reflect the qualities desired in graduates. To achieve this goal, we conducted content analysis of relevant data and in-depth interviews with experts. First, the content analysis involved coding key information from the introductions, educational goals, desired qualities of graduates, and curricula published on the websites of both South Korea and international fashion-related universities. Additionally, we analyzed the National Competency Standards (NCS) and the Meta-goals of higher education programs set by the International Textile Apparel Association (ITAA), extracting six core competencies. Second, in-depth interviews were conducted with six experts, each with 23 to 31 years of experience in Korean and international apparel industry and academia. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and keywords were extracted. To ensure the validity of the coding results, cross-checks were performed among the researchers. The analysis identified the following competencies: empathic communication, social responsibility, professional thinking, creative and integrative thinking, global perspective, and challenging leadership. Based on these findings, establishing competencies that meet contemporary demands and developing corresponding curricula are essential steps towards creating a feedback system. Future research should focus on developing and implementing curricula that foster a virtuous cycle, ultimately enhancing students' competency levels.