• 제목/요약/키워드: structured product

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The Analysis of the Purchasing Process and Distribution Management Requirements of Teaching Materials in Preschool

  • Jae-Moo LEE;Kyung-Seu CHO
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.115-125
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: This study is to analyze the purchasing process and distribution management requirements for teaching materials that have important meaning in the practical field of preschool education. Research design, data and methodology: A structured questionnaire was used to survey 103 childcare staffs regarding the purchasing process and distribution managements. The collected data underwent Likert's 5-point scale analysis and keyword grouping. Additionally, ANOVA was conducted to examine the distribution management demands based on demographic characteristics. Results: The purchasing of teaching materials involved more offline channels than online, and the purchase decisions were predominantly made by principals rather than teachers. Although the purchasing process is similar to that of general businesses, there are difficulties in purchasing due to the disorganized distribution channels and limited accessibility to product information. Additionally, the management of inventory for teaching materials is challenging due to limited personnel and storage. Childcare staffs have requirements for classification systems, evaluation criteria, environments and policies related to teaching materials distribution. The need to introduce a teaching material evaluation and certification system to ensure quality was not high. Conclusions: Most of the respondents recognized that strict management and measures should be taken for the distribution of teaching materials. There were differences in the demand of teaching material distribution depending on the respondents' status, age, education, and experience.

지속적 관여도 및 인지된 위험이 소비자의 온라인 상인선택 프로세스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 요구신뢰 수준 개념을 중심으로 (How Enduring Product Involvement and Perceived Risk Affect Consumers' Online Merchant Selection Process: The 'Required Trust Level' Perspective)

  • 홍일유;이정민;조휘형
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.29-52
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    • 2012
  • Consumers differ in the way they make a purchase. An audio mania would willingly make a bold, yet serious, decision to buy a top-of-the-line home theater system, while he is not interested in replacing his two-decade-old shabby car. On the contrary, an automobile enthusiast wouldn't mind spending forty thousand dollars to buy a new Jaguar convertible, yet cares little about his junky component system. It is product involvement that helps us explain such differences among individuals in the purchase style. Product involvement refers to the extent to which a product is perceived to be important to a consumer (Zaichkowsky, 2001). Product involvement is an important factor that strongly influences consumer's purchase decision-making process, and thus has been of prime interest to consumer behavior researchers. Furthermore, researchers found that involvement is closely related to perceived risk (Dholakia, 2001). While abundant research exists addressing how product involvement relates to overall perceived risk, little attention has been paid to the relationship between involvement and different types of perceived risk in an electronic commerce setting. Given that perceived risk can be a substantial barrier to the online purchase (Jarvenpaa, 2000), research addressing such an issue will offer useful implications on what specific types of perceived risk an online firm should focus on mitigating if it is to increase sales to a fullest potential. Meanwhile, past research has focused on such consumer responses as information search and dissemination as a consequence of involvement, neglecting other behavioral responses like online merchant selection. For one example, will a consumer seriously considering the purchase of a pricey Guzzi bag perceive a great degree of risk associated with online buying and therefore choose to buy it from a digital storefront rather than from an online marketplace to mitigate risk? Will a consumer require greater trust on the part of the online merchant when the perceived risk of online buying is rather high? We intend to find answers to these research questions through an empirical study. This paper explores the impact of enduring product involvement and perceived risks on required trust level, and further on online merchant choice. For the purpose of the research, five types or components of perceived risk are taken into consideration, including financial, performance, delivery, psychological, and social risks. A research model has been built around the constructs under consideration, and 12 hypotheses have been developed based on the research model to examine the relationships between enduring involvement and five components of perceived risk, between five components of perceived risk and required trust level, between enduring involvement and required trust level, and finally between required trust level and preference toward an e-tailer. To attain our research objectives, we conducted an empirical analysis consisting of two phases of data collection: a pilot test and main survey. The pilot test was conducted using 25 college students to ensure that the questionnaire items are clear and straightforward. Then the main survey was conducted using 295 college students at a major university for nine days between December 13, 2010 and December 21, 2010. The measures employed to test the model included eight constructs: (1) enduring involvement, (2) financial risk, (3) performance risk, (4) delivery risk, (5) psychological risk, (6) social risk, (7) required trust level, (8) preference toward an e-tailer. The statistical package, SPSS 17.0, was used to test the internal consistency among the items within the individual measures. Based on the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of the individual measure, the reliability of all the variables is supported. Meanwhile, the Amos 18.0 package was employed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis designed to assess the unidimensionality of the measures. The goodness of fit for the measurement model was satisfied. Unidimensionality was tested using convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. The statistical evidences proved that the three types of validity were all satisfied. Now the structured equation modeling technique was used to analyze the individual paths along the relationships among the research constructs. The results indicated that enduring involvement has significant positive relationships with all the five components of perceived risk, while only performance risk is significantly related to trust level required by consumers for purchase. It can be inferred from the findings that product performance problems are mostly likely to occur when a merchant behaves in an opportunistic manner. Positive relationships were also found between involvement and required trust level and between required trust level and online merchant choice. Enduring involvement is concerned with the pleasure a consumer derives from a product class and/or with the desire for knowledge for the product class, and thus is likely to motivate the consumer to look for ways of mitigating perceived risk by requiring a higher level of trust on the part of the online merchant. Likewise, a consumer requiring a high level of trust on the merchant will choose a digital storefront rather than an e-marketplace, since a digital storefront is believed to be trustworthier than an e-marketplace, as it fulfills orders by itself rather than acting as an intermediary. The findings of the present research provide both academic and practical implications. The first academic implication is that enduring product involvement is a strong motivator of consumer responses, especially the selection of a merchant, in the context of electronic shopping. Secondly, academicians are advised to pay attention to the finding that an individual component or type of perceived risk can be used as an important research construct, since it would allow one to pinpoint the specific types of risk that are influenced by antecedents or that influence consequents. Meanwhile, our research provides implications useful for online merchants (both online storefronts and e-marketplaces). Merchants may develop strategies to attract consumers by managing perceived performance risk involved in purchase decisions, since it was found to have significant positive relationship with the level of trust required by a consumer on the part of the merchant. One way to manage performance risk would be to thoroughly examine the product before shipping to ensure that it has no deficiencies or flaws. Secondly, digital storefronts are advised to focus on symbolic goods (e.g., cars, cell phones, fashion outfits, and handbags) in which consumers are relatively more involved than others, whereas e- marketplaces should put their emphasis on non-symbolic goods (e.g., drinks, books, MP3 players, and bike accessories).

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프로야구의 상품마케팅에 대한 인식 및 선호도 조사 (A study of current awareness and preference on Korean professional baseball team's promotion for products)

  • 박승환
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.1238-1245
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 프로야구 관람자들을 대상으로 프로야구의 상품마케팅에 대한 인식 및 선호도를 규명함으로써 프로야구 관람에 참여하고 있는 관람자들에게 보다 효과적인 프로야구 관람에 대한 정보를 제공하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 첫째, 인구사회학적 특성 중에서 성별에 따라서 프로야구 구단의 상품마케팅에 대한 인식(프로구단에 대한 인식, 상품마케팅 전략에 대한 인식), 그리고 상품마케팅의 선호도(상품가치, 상품가격, 상품종류)에 따른 차이를 비교한 결과, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 인구사회학적 특성 중에서 연령에 따른 프로야구 구단의 상품마케팅에 대한 인식(프로구단에 대한 인식, 상품마케팅 전략에 대한 인식), 그리고 상품마케팅의 선호도(상품가치, 상품가격, 상품종류)에 따른 차이를 비교한 결과, 프로야구 구단의 상품마케팅에 대한 인식에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 상품마케팅의 선호도 중 상품가치와 상품가격에 대한 선호도에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05). 특히, 상품가치의 경우, 20대와 30대 간, 20대와 40대간, 30대와 40대 간 비교에서 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05). 셋째, 인구사회학적 특성 중에서 연간수입에 따른 프로야구 구단의 상품마케팅에 대한 인식(프로구단에 대한 인식, 상품마케팅 전략에 대한 인식), 그리고 상품마케팅의 선호도(상품가치, 상품가격, 상품종류)에 따른 차이를 비교한 결과, 프로야구 구단의 상품마케팅에 대한 인식에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만, 상품마케팅의 선호도 중에서 상품가격에 대해서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 특히, 2000-2500만원미만, 그리고 2500-3000만원미만의 집단과 4000만원 이상의 수입을 얻고 있는 집단 간의 차이에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05).

Relationships among CEO Image, Corporate Image and Employment Brand Value in Fashion Industry

  • Ko, Eun-Ju;Taylor, Charles R.;Wagner, Udo;Ji, Hyun-Ah
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.307-331
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    • 2008
  • The CEO and the Corporate Image is considered very important in the aspect of marketing. The fact that CEO image itself influences the company or value of the product directly and indirectly has been verified through many cases. Recently, the differentiation of products and services between companies became difficult because the disparity in technique between companies retrenched. As a result, the rate of people who decide to purchase or invest their money based on the corporate image or reputation has been increased. Also in the knowledge society like today, the talented employees are the company's customer and the company's necessity for managing those brains of marketing perspective on how to satisfy and attract the customers is being embossed. The Fashion industry is one of the most value-added industry and in those value-added businesses, the most important factor is the human resources' knowledge power. However the study of the relationships among the CEO image, the corporate image and employment brand value in fashion industry has not been carried out yet. This research considers that dynamic relationship exists among the CEO image, corporate image and employment brand value that affects a company's main goal of pursuing benefits and intends to investigate the relationships of the three concepts. The specific purposes of this study were, 1) to analyze the impact of CEO image on a corporate image, 2) to analyze the impact of corporate image on employment brand value, 3) to analyze the impact of CEO image on employment brand value, 4) to analyze whether corporate image plays a mediating role in the relationship between CEO image and employment brand value or not. A survey design with a structured questionnaire was employed for this research. A convenience sample of 398 subjects was selected from two groups, which are university students majoring in fashion and practitioners working in fashion industry. For the data analysis, descriptive statistic (i.e., frequency, percentage), factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used by utilizing SPSS 12.0 for Windows program. The results for this research are as follows, first, the study of the impact of CEO image (i.e., Managerial Competence, Reliability/Leadership, Personal Attractiveness) on corporate image (i.e., Product Image, Corporate Social Responsibility Image, Corporate Cultural Image) brought conclusion that the CEO image generally affected the corporate image in fashion industry. Managerial Competence and Reliability/Leadership affected Product Image, Corporate Social Responsibility Image and Corporate Cultural Image. However, while CEO's Personal Attractiveness affected Product Image and Corporate Social Responsibility Image, it did not affect Corporate Cultural Image. Second, the study of the impact of corporate image on employment brand value brought conclusion that corporate image (i.e., Product Image, Corporate Social Responsibility Image, Corporate Cultural Image) affected employment brand value. Corporate Cultural Image affected employment brand value the most and then the Corporate Social Responsibility Image and Product Image. Third, the study of the impact of CEO image on employment brand value brought conclusion that CEO image (i.e., Managerial Competence, Reliability/Leadership, Personal Attractiveness) affected the employment brand value. CEO's Reliability/Leadership affected the employment brand value the most and then CEO's Personal Attractiveness and CEO's Managerial Competence. Forth, the study examined whether corporate image plays a mediating role in relationship of CEO image and employment brand value and concluded that it does. Corporate image played a full mediating role between CEO's Managerial Competence and employment brand value while it played a partial mediating role between CEO's Reliability/Leadership and CEO's Personal Attractiveness. This study is meaningful in a sense that it examines the relationship among the CEO image, corporate image and employment brand value which has not been carried out yet in fashion industry. It will ultimately contribute to the success of a fashion company by providing useful information of establishing strategies for managing proper the CEO and the corporate image to the fashion company and operating the talented employees.

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품목별 주요 브랜드를 활용한 농산물 브랜드자산의 구성요인에 관한 연구 (Study on Structural Factors of Agricultural Product Brand Equity Utilizing Major Brand by Item)

  • 최돈우;김태균;임청룡
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제17권11호
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    • pp.682-690
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    • 2016
  • 농산물 브랜드는 양적인 성장은 이루었지만 질적인 성장이 미미한 현실에 대안을 제시하기 위해 본 논문에서는 농산물 브랜드자산의 구성요인을 발굴하고, 구성요인들이 브랜드자산에 미치는 영향을 계량적으로 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 소비자들에 대한 구조화된 설문지를 활용하여 통계분석에 사용하였으며, 주요 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 브랜드 및 브랜드자산 관련 다양한 선행연구들을 중심으로 농산물 브랜드자산 구성요인에 대한 이론적 검토를 진행하였으며, 농산물 브랜드자산의 구성요인을 인지도, 품질력, 충성도로 설정하였다. 둘째, 농산물 브랜드자산의 세부 구성요인에 대해 요인분석 결과 인지도는 친숙도, 최초상기도, 일반적 인지도, 보조인지도, 회자정도, 로고기억정도, 품질력은 품질 지속성, 품질 신뢰성, 품질 안전성, 전반적 품질정도, 가격대비 품질 우수성, 충성도는 주위권유, 구매의도 가격프리미엄, 재구매의향이 선정되었다. 셋째, 농산물 브랜드자산에 미치는 요인에 대한 영향력을 분석한 결과 인지도, 품질력, 충성도 수준 모두 1% 유의수준에서 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나 해당 수준이 높아질수록 브랜드자산이 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 표준화계수를 활용한 브랜드자산에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 구성요인은 쌀과 조미채소는 품질력의 표준화계수가 각각 0.486와 0.581로 제일 높에 나타났고, 과수와 과채는 충성도가 각각 0.536과 0.490으로 가장 높게 분석되었다. 최종적으로 작목에 따른 브랜드 육성정책에 있어서 인지도, 품질력 및 충성도 측면으로부터 접근한 다양한 정책을 개발하는 것이 효과적인 결과를 유발할 수 있으며, 쌀과 조미채소는 정책적 주안점을 품질력제고 관련 정책에 집중하고, 과수와 과채는 충성도제고 관련 정책에 보다 집중하는 것이 제한된 자원을 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 방향이라고 할 수 있다.

A Study on the Service Design for Online Service Company to Enhance User Experience

  • Lee, Ji-Hyun
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.101-107
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    • 2012
  • Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate service design cases by online service companies and suggests framework to understand service design of them. Background: Recently, exploratory service design cases by online service companies such as Google, Apple, and NHN has been developed. Service design and online service experience design has been booming among user experience professionals but these two areas are not clearly defined. It is interesting to study the definition and key factors of service design and online service experience design. Moreover, investigating service design cases by online service companies is needed. Method: Due to diversification of service design cases by online service companies, this study has reviewed online resources and literatures about top 5 online service companies in USA and Korea. Furthermore, this study used expert interview who worked for service design at NHN. To understand the attributes of service design cases, this study developed 3 types of service design classifications scheme such as service design as extension of online service, space design and event service design. Finally, this study suggested a new framework for service design cases. Results: This study investigated service design cases by online service companies and suggests key issues and frameworks to uncover service design for online service. Conclusion: Service design cases for online service was analyzed by $2^*2$ matrix(extension, $enrichment^*product$, service) to explain characteristics and attributes. NHN's Knowledge-iN bookshelf at NHN library1 is a unique form of service design as a tool of enrichment of online experience. Application: The results of this study might help to understand service design cases and plan new service design for online service companies with structured framework.

조선박람회 출품주택의 건축계획 특성에 관한 연구 - 일본의 박람회 출품주택과 관계를 중심으로 - (A study on Architectural Characteristics of Exhibited Houses at the Choseon Exhibition(1929) - Focused on the Relationship of Exhibited Houses in Japan -)

  • 정순영
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.7-25
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    • 2008
  • This study aims to clarify the architectural characteristics of three houses of Choseon Exhibition. Exposition/exhibitions were thought to be a model for the world. It shows the real status of the development, and thinking with visions at that times; therefore, exhibited house models would be a good source for what to be considered for the ideal houses of that times. Through the study, we could find out as belows. 1. The houses exhibited conserved the sitting-on-floor living style, otherwise the most proposals for house improvement suggested a chair-and-table style because of its hygienic quality and integration of the life at home and at work(school, too). 2. The spacial scheme for-family prior over for-guest was emphasized, but models at the exhibition were structured with Japanese traditional spacial program, such as Jashiki(座敷), Kyakunoma(客の間) or Tsuginoma(次の間), which were all Tatami-floored. 3. Through this exhibition, it is clarified that the architectural society in colonial Korea also tried to improve the modern housings, not only direct reception of the developed proposals. These houses was planned with the acceptance of the locality, such like Ondol, a floor heating facility which the Japanese engineer improve the efficiency. 4. Also these exhibited houses became a start to recognize a house as a product, and spurred on commercialization. As the result, we could find out that these exhibited houses accepted the modern housing proposals selectively, and that even if the exhibitions shows the advance in usual these houses were planned with the very conservative notions.

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산업장 안전보건교육 프로그램 평가지표 개발 (Development of Evaluation Indicator on Industrial Safety and Health Education Program)

  • 오영아;이명선
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.41-64
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    • 2007
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the evaluation indicators on safety and health education programs provided to Korean industrial workers, by developing further. Methods: To develop the early evaluation indicator, the secondary analysis was made on 'Survey on Industrial safety & health trends', the national wide survey data product by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, as well as the various examinations on literatures. To validate such developed evaluation indicator, 13 safety and health managers in Focus Group discussion to prove the reliability of the contents were composed. To confirm the face validity, the interview with 6 industrial safety and health education experts was held to study the appropriateness of the content. With the cooperation from Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, the structured survey was performed with the safety and health managers from 588 businesses who participated in the education program for the later half of 2006. In this study, the number of responses was randomly divided into 1:1 two groups, in which one group was for the Exploratory Factor Analysis and the other group was for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results: The results were as follows. First, for the Structure category, 18 evaluation indicators were developed into 4 evaluation categories such as a preliminary examination, education staff and organization, education environment and rules/ regulation. Secondly, the Activity category was comprised of 10 evaluation indicators with respect to 2 areas of curriculum satisfaction and program evaluation. Finally, for the Output category, 9 evaluation indicators were developed into 2 evaluation areas such as documentation and information share and education effects. Conclusions: The evaluation indicators developed through this study will possibly develop and be applied to evaluation tools on safety and health education program, which may further become the standardized indicators to better operate the industrial safety and health education programs.

증강현실기반의 패션제품 어플리케이션 특성요인과 사용의도와의 관계에 관한 연구 (The Effect of Augmented Reality-based Fashion Product Application on Intention to Use)

  • 김혜경;박지혜;김용석;최정일
    • 한국IT서비스학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.89-102
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    • 2020
  • With the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution integrated into the industry as a whole, digital transformation (DT) is becoming an innovative and essential element of corporate survival in the fashion industry, and it is expected that the paradigm shift in shopping will become an unavoidable reality, especially based on the AR. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of augmented reality were presented separately as perceived realism, interaction, pleasure, and usability, and the influence of augmented reality by immersion parameters on the user's satisfaction and intended to reveal the relationship between satisfaction and usage through the characteristics of augmented reality. For the purpose of this study, a structured questionnaire was conducted, and the available 209 responses were collected and used for empirical analysis. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, while immersion has the greatest effect on satisfaction, the effect on use intention has a stronger effect on satisfaction than immersion. This indicates that purchase occurs when the user's immersion leads to satisfaction, and when the satisfaction falls, the intention to use is also lowered. Second, interactivity, enjoyment, and ease of use among the various characteristics of fashion applications have a positive effect on immersion. Among them, ease of use had a strong effect on immersion. In light of this, it can be seen that ease of use should be considered first when creating an application based on augmented reality in the future fashion industry. However, the perceived reality is low in the degree of immersion, and the effect on satisfaction is also lowered, so it is difficult to be connected to intention. Considering that this study was conducted through indirect experience through video viewing, this study expects the development of research through a more practical research model in the future, as the impact is considered to be a relatively low measurement.

초등수학에서 자연수 곱셈 지도 -곱셈의 도입과 곱셈 구구를 중심으로- (Teaching Multiplication with Whole Numbers in Elementary School Mathematics -Focusing on the Introduction of the Concept of Multiplication and Multiplication Facts-)

  • 정영옥
    • 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.889-920
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 초등학교 수학에서 곱셈 개념의 도입과 곱셈 구구 지도를 위한 교수학적 배경을 알아보고, 앞으로의 곱셈 지도 개선을 위한 시사점을 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 여러 곱셈 연구에 대한 이론적 고찰을 통해 곱셈 지도의 교수학적 배경의 핵심 내용으로 곱셈 개념, 곱셈 상황, 곱셈 지도 모델, 곱셈 전략을 추출하고 이에 대해 살펴보았고, 이를 기초로 미국, 핀란드, 네덜란드, 독일과 우리나라 교과서를 비교 분석하였다. 이런 이론적 고찰과 분석 결과를 바탕으로 이후의 우리나라 초등학교 수학의 곱셈 지도 개선을 위한 시사점으로 곱셈 상황에서 묶음 상황의 다양화와 곱셈적 비교 상황의 강조 및 데카르트 곱의 재고, 곱셈 지도 모델에서 묶음 모델, 배열 모델, 직선 모델의 균형과 구조화와 형식화로의 이행, 곱셈 구구 지도에서 곱셈 전략과 곱셈 성질의 강조와 곱셈 구구 사이의 연결을 제안하였다.

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