• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the fall risk factors. Method: The subjects were 87 persons who were older than 65 years living at 28 nursing home in Seoul and Gyunggi province. Subjects were interviewed using RAFS II for intrinsic factor and the environmental factor were assessed using a structured questionnaire from Oct. to Dec. in 2004. The data were analyzed by SPSS(ver. 12.0) programs, using descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, and t-test. Result: The 37.9% of the subjects experienced the fall, and its average number is $1.94\pm1.75$. The Women's experience of the fall was higher than that of the men, but it was no significant difference with gender. There was no significant difference with the age and duration of living. The mean of the intrinsic risk factor was 13.38 in total score 39 points marks on the RAFS II scales. The intrinsic risk factor score of the fallen group 15.71 was significantly higher than the non-fallen group 12.10. The variables of recent fall experience(t=4.72, p=0.000) and urinary dysfunction(t=2.64, p=0.010) was significantly higher than the non-fallen group. The highest variable of the intrinsic factor was the age and the variables of drug intake, balance, chronic disease, recent fall experience, urinary dysfunction were followed in order. The mean of the environmental risk factor was 0.24 points. No significant differences were shown in environmental risk factor between the fallen and the non-fallen groups. To the fallen group, the place of entrance was the highest risky environmental factor. To see in area dimension, the floor surfaces was the highest risky environmental factor and equipment and illumination factor was the following risky elements in order. In the total score of environmental risk factors based on the ares, the fallen group was 0.26 and the non-fallen group was 0.24, but there were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: This results suggested that visual protection strategy, set up the safety device in the place of entrance and inner stairway, bathroom and nonskid mat in the nursing home would be contribute to the prevention of the fall for the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-51
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the various reasons that might lead single women to choose not to marry. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were arranged with 18 single women who met the criteria for the present research purpose. We considered only those responses of the interviewees that are directly related to their reasons why they choose not to marry, where the collected data were analyzed in three steps by methods of thematic analysis. As a result of the analysis, the reasons for which they chose not to marry could be grouped into three main clusters of themes which may be labeled as (1) themes centered on 'Myself', (2) themes centered on 'Family' and (3) themes centered on 'Surrounding Environments and Friends'. Among the first category of themes of 'Myself', we have found five sub-themes such as "Lack of emotional communication", "Not-found spouse meeting my criteria", "My personality", "Self-narcissism or self-centeredness", "False beliefs in marriage". As for the second category of themes 'Family', three sub-themes have been found including "Family of origin conflict", "Closeness to family of origin", "Comfortable daily lives". And for the final category of themes 'Surrounding Environments and Friends', there were found three sub-themes which include "Negative effects of married friends", "Emotional support system", "Changing social atmosphere". In all there are eleven sub-themes to consider. On the basis of these results, we presented some conclusions on the reasons why single women in their thirties or forties choose not to marry. We also presented some implications of these results on population education and future research.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-92
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• 2003

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting organizational citizenship behavior of hospital employees, and based on the investigation, to suggest some implications for effective human resources management of hospitals. For this purpose, physical therapists were selected as the subject of the research. Using their individual characteristics, job characteristics, professionalism and group cohesiveness as the variables affecting organizational citizenship behavior, an empirical model was constructed and tested. A survey was conducted through structured and self-administered questionnaire for the physical therapists working at hospitals of Busan-Kyongnam area, and data from 240 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Major results of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, perception on professionalism and the degree of organizational citizenship behavior were higher for male, older, relatively more-educated and higher-grade employees. It is necessary to develope some measures to educate and motivate the employees who are in lower state of professionalism and organizational citizenship behavior. Second, among the individual characteristics, need for growth was found to have significant, positive influence on professionalism and group cohesiveness, but no direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, extroversion had direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, as well as on professionalism and group cohesiveness. This result suggests that personnel selection and personality education should be conducted carefully. Third, job characteristics appeared to have very large, positive effect on professionalism, but not directly on organizational citizenship behavior. Fourth, professionalism was found to have very large, positive influence on group cohesiveness and direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This implies that enhancing professionalism of physical therapists can strengthen organizational citizenship behavior in hospitals, and hence top management should actively support the programs for job re-design, skill education and quality improvement to enhance professionalism of their employees. Fifth and last, as an intervening factor, group cohesiveness appeared to have the largest, direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. It is, therefore, important for top management to improve group cohesiveness by exploring ways toward greater harmony and solidarity among the members of physical therapy department.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2004

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the burnout state, coping types, and their relationship with organizational citizenship behavior, and based on the investigation, to provide some reference materials for effective management of burnout and appropriate methods of coping. For this purpose, employees of Korean Red Cross Blood Center were selected as the subject of the research. Data for empirical analysis were obtained through mail survey using structured and self-administered questionnaire for 282 employees of five Red Cross Blood Centers across the nation. Following is the summary of the results: 1) Degree of organizational citizenship behavior was higher among the married, the forties in age, and the employees whose major reason for choosing to work at the Center was 'to help other people.' On the other hand, degree of burnout was higher among the single but lower among the forties in age and the employees who chose to work at the Center because of suitable abilities and interests. As for the types of coping, problem-oriented coping method was more frequently used by the married, older, relatively more-educated and higher-grade employees. 2) Among the three kinds of burnout, 'achievement burnout' was found to have the greatest influence on the organizational citizenship behavior, negatively affecting organizational citizenship behavior as a whole and all of its components except for 'sportsmanship.' Next was 'impersonality burnout,' which also had negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior as a whole, and altruism, conscientiousness and sportsmanship among the components. Finally, 'emotion burnout' appeared to have positive effect on altruism and courtesy but negative effect on sportsmanship. 3) Among the various types of coping, 'problem-oriented' and 'positive perspective' coping methods were found to positively influence overall organizational citizenship behavior, whereas 'stress dissolution' had negative effect. These results imply that special management, counselling and education are needed for sociodemographic groups with high burnout to utilize problem-oriented and positive perspective coping methods which are considered to have desirable effects in coping with burnout problems. In addition, some methods should be devised to prevent and manage the 'achievement burnout' that was found to have great negative influence on organizational citizenship behavior.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the relationship between friendship level within a hospital organization and job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job stress. Focusing on the hierarchy and occupation of a hospital, different from previous introductory studies. As a study tool, structured questionnaire were devised and used. The subjects were nurses, administrators and medical technicians who worked at 17 tertiary hospitals in Seoul and Kyongin area. To analyze the data, we conducted frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis.The main results of our study can be summarized as followings:Firstly, seen from the viewpoint of social demographic characteristics, on the whole friendship level with fellows is the highest, and then that with subordinates and that with bosses the lowest. Secondly, the friendship level with bosses, subordinates and fellows had a significant relationship with job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job stress, though there were some differences among them. In case of junior managers, the friendship level with fellows had a significant relationship with job satisfaction and organizational commitment; in case of middle managers, the friendship level with fellows had significant relationship with job satisfaction. We found that the friendship level with the bosses had a deeper relationship with job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job stress as we went down the hierarchy. Thirdly, analyzing the differences between occupation, administrators and medical technicians had relatively higher significant relationship with the friendship level with bosses than nurses in job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job stress. High friendship level with the bosses influenced job satisfaction significantly for the nurse; yet, in case of administrators and medical technicians, the friendship level with bosses influenced all of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job stress. Based on our study, we recommend facilitating friendly relationship between the bosses and the subordinates in order to enhance job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job related stress reduction.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2017

This study is for presenting the factors about success attribution that fit the korean security service conditions and developing the actual analysis of measurement tools by investigating the success factors of the security service agents. To this end, conducted a meeting from the fully open questionnaire at first, and then formed the semi-structured questionnaire, finally carried out the survey from the closed questionnaire and analyzed data from SPSS 21.0, AMOS 21.0 and developed the measurements. It was conducted from December, 2014 to June, 2015. This survey was conducted of 170 security guards after the verification of the content validity though the pilot survey and presented the success attribution factors and standards on the basis of the result form this survey. At the first and second analysis process, the success attribution factors of the guards consisted of inner qualities, external qualities, induction factors for inner qualities, and induction factor for external qualities. On analysis of the final data and documents, however, at the third analysis, the success attribution factors of the guards consisted of 'martial arts and physical ability'(4 questions), 'attitudes to work'(3 questions), 'support for the working environment'(3 questions), 'organized business skills'(3 questions), 'attitudes to the duty'(3 questions), and 'coping with crises(2 questions).

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2017

Objective : The aims of this study was to investigate the effects of modified constraint induced movement therapy(CIMT) on upper extremities function of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods : The participants of this study are 4 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy aged between 8 to 11 years old. During the modified CIMT period, the unaffected hand of the subjects was restrained by a hand splint for 8 weeks, five days per week, five hours a day. And the affected upper extremity was strongly trained by performing functional tasks, which were individually structured use of the affected arm. Measurements used to assess hand function are Jebsen Hand Function Test, and 3D Motion Analysis. The Jebsen Hand Function Test was performed repeatedly every two weeks. The 3D Motion Analysis was performed before and after the 8 weeks of modified constraint induced movement therapy. Results : After the modified CIMT, there was a significant improvement in completed time for the 6 tasks of Jebsen Hand Function Test(p<.05). 3D Motion Analysis was that the finger tapping and the hand tapping has been significantly decreased (p<.05), and the pronation-supination movement has been significantly increased as well(p<.05). Conclusion : In the results of this study, it is evidenced that modified CIMT is effective treatment for upper extremities function of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. For future research, it is recommended to examine various periods and protocol of modified CIMT including impact of long periods application.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.223-266
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• 2020

Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) are played by millions of people around the world. Within MMORPGs, players explore, solve mysteries, craft items, battle against dungeon or raid bosses, or compete against other players, all while using a variety of information and information behaviors. Role-players in MMORPGs develop identities and engage in interactive storytelling with other role-players as their characters. An ethnographic approach combining overt participant observation and engagement, semi-structured interviews, and artifact collection was used to explore and describe the social information behaviors of role-players through the lens of the theory of information worlds. The social types evident in the role-playing community in WildStar, a science fantasy-themed MMORPG, are closely interrelated to and differentiated by social norms and information values that dictate acceptable characters, stories, character actions, and appropriate lore sources as well as how to role-play without violating the boundary between in- and out-of-character information worlds. Role-players maintained the in-character and out-of-character boundary using a set of specific information behaviors to enable engaging and immersive role-playing experiences. Implications of the findings for the theory of information worlds as well as potential applications of role-playing and MMORPGs are also discussed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.441-452
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its relating factors elderly communities. Subjects of this survey consisted of 877 elderly women and men in one Kun. Korea, who were over 60 years old. The design for this study was descriptive: the subjects were interviewed by well trained investigators from July 9. 1999 to July 20. 1999. During that survey period, the subjects were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, $X^2-test$. T-test using an SAS program. The results of the study were the following: 1. The prevalence rate of urinary incontinence was 20.1 %. of the total. The types of urinary incontinence were mixed incontinence 44.3%. stress incontinence 38.1%. and urge type incontinence 17.6%. 2. The relating factors of urinary incontinence were as follows: 1) 33.5% of UI(urinary incontinence) subjects reported urine loss once a month. twice or three times a week 23.3%. one or two times a day 17.0% 2) 38.1% of elderly reported only 1 to 2 drops. 1 t-spoon 36.9%. 1 T-spoon 15.9% 3) The volume of urine loss registered by changing underwear was 63.1 %. no necessity of changing underwear was 22.1 %. or using some type of pads was 13.1%. 4) 62.5% of UI subjects never discussed their UI problem with other people. 73.9% of the total had never experienced any treatment for their UI problem. The reasons for not receiving medical cure were their typical conception about urinary incontinence taking UI as a normal part of aging 76.2% and due to their bad financial situation 9.2%. 3. Women had more prevalence of UI than men (p=0.01), and it was found that the worse the subjective health state. the higher the prevalence of UI (p=0.001). However. there was no statistical difference in daily frequency of UI (p>0.05). The more nocturnal incontinence (p=0.001), the more intermittent stream experience (p = 0.01), the more retention experience (p = 0.01), and the more incomplete the emptying experience (p=0.001), the higher the prevalence of UI. 4. UI groups had lower ADL scores than non UI groups(p=0.01). The level of depression in the group of urinary incontinence was significantly higher than that of non incontinence group (p=0.0001). As shown above, the elderly people suffering from UI haven't been treated properly: their subjective health state and their ADL competence was lower, and their depression level was higher than non UI groups. Therefore, the development of a proper urinary incontinence management program are required so that they can lead more healthy lives. Also continual case studies for the elderly people with UI are necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.255-263
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to study the service physical environment, customer satisfaction and returning intention of beauty shop. Structured questionnaires and interviews were conducted to investigate these correlations and analyzed by IPA method. The physical environment in the beauty shop was analyzed as an important factor in creating an environment that can stimulate the emotional part of the customers. It is found that the atmosphere, the emotional atmosphere and the installation of the auxiliary facilities are important factors in the physical environment. Customer satisfaction was found to increase satisfaction with employees' intention, such as satisfaction with employees. The customer 's revisit intention shows that they are trying to communicate and share their experiences through customer satisfaction. It was found that it is important to meet customers' emotional needs through improving the physical environment of the stores and to improve the emotional satisfaction of customers based on this. Strategic implications for attracting customers in the beauty shop suggest that increasing satisfaction with existing customers is an important strategy in securing not only existing customers but also prospective customers.