Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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v.42
no.1
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pp.46-52
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2013
The purpose of this study was to measure the serum lipid concentrations by gender and age, and to investigate the relationship between dietary behavior and serum lipid levels in Korean adults. The subjects consisted of 209 volunteers (121 men and 88 women) who visited a health promotion center. Their anthropometric and biochemical blood indices were measured, and data on lifestyles were obtained using structured questionnaires. The blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations increased significantly with age in women (p<0.01). The food habit score of men and women increased with age, and total food habit score was negatively correlated with BMI (p<0.05). The rate of skipping meals (p<0.001), overeating (p<0.05), eating instant food (p<0.001), and eating out (p<0.05) decreased significantly with age, and the intake rate of vegetables (p<0.001) and carbohydrates (p<0.05) significantly increased with it. The food intake frequency of 21 food items was also measured, and snacks (p<0.05), high fat foods (p<0.01) meats (p<0.05), and instant foods (p<0.01) were negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol. Snacks (p<0.05) and high fat foods (p<0.01) were positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol. Snacks (p<0.05) and fats/oils (p<0.01) were positively correlated with triglycerides. These results suggest that the food habits and food intake frequency may be one of the important factors affecting serum lipid concentrations in Korean adults.
Recently some Korean feminists have reported the family management agreement (FMA) can contribute to enhance the women farmers' legal status and to improve their farm management. The FMA is a formal document written each rights and responsibilities on the farm management, income allocation, and labor condition such as working time and work-off days agreed among family members. Since 2004, 161 farmer couples have signed and practiced the FMA after two-day workshop scheduled for the agreement. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of FMA on the increase of participation in (am management among women farmers. Data were collected from 204 FMA couples through the structured questionnaires. Also interview and participating observation were carried out. Paired t-test were conducted using SPSS 12.0 for Windows program. Major findings were as follows. Women farmers' participation in decision making of farming activities has significantly increased after than before the FMA. However, husbands' participation in decision making is higher than women farmers even after the FMA. After the FMA, labor compensation, regularly or irregularly, for women farmers has increased to 53.3%, 35.3% higher than 18% of the previous study and women farmers' ownership of their farm assets has increased to 48.1% from 29.1%. Also, there is a tendency women farmers' role as a representative of their farm has increased. In conclusion the FMA makes women farmers participate more in farm management as decision maker, income beneficiary, farm asset owner, and farm representative, which encourage them to get the legal status as a farmer and to control their farm management risk. It is suggested that the FMA be selected as a program in order to strengthen the agricultural competitiveness.
Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the nutritional status, health conditions, eating habits and experience and demand for nutrition dietary management of senior citizens. And these data are formed foundation of development of nutrition dietary management education program and contents in welfare facilities for the aged. Methods: We visited 3 public health centers, 3 senior citizens centers, and 4 welfare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungnam province, and Daejeon area and carried out interview by semi-structured questionnaire for senior citizens older than 65 years who use those facilities. Results: The study included 17%, 30.7% and 52.3% of senior citizens from public health centers, seniorcitizen centers and and welfare centers, respectively. The age range of 43.9% of the population was 65-74 years and and 56.1% were older than 75 years. We observed that 83.2% of subjects took some medicines due to diseases that they have and 58.0% took prescription medicines for hypertension. The thing that they considered the most when selecting food was 'the taste'(p<0.05). Regarding the level of practice to keep the dietary life, they answered more than 'average' for most of items but answered less than 'average' for lot of salt intake, drinking, exercise. For the experience of nutrition dietary life education, only 19.8% answered 'Yes' and the service for nutrition dietary life management showed the highest score in the demand for 'provide nutritious food'. For the size of consulting group for nutrition/dietary life education, the public health center and welfare center preferred a larger group size but the senior citizens center preferred a smaller group. With regard to who will carry out the consulting, the demand for dietitian was the highest and the operation type showed the high demand in the order of consulting, education. The contents that they want to have consultation in nutrition dietary life education were diet therapy for diseases and the ordinary diet therapy for health. Conclusions: This study suggested the management of nutrition dietry life necessitates qualitative measures according to the different types of welfare facilities. For these, it is in need of development of counseling and education program included therapy for disease. Above all, the policy to secure dietitian of welfare facilities for the aged to perform these should be achived.
Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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2003.09a
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pp.63-63
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2003
Purpose: Planning target volume (PTV) for tumors in abdomen or thorax includes enough margin for breathing-related movement of tumor volumes during treatment. We developed a simple and handy method, which can reduce PTV margins in patients with moving tumors, respiratory motion reduction device system (RMRDs). Materials and Methods: The patients clinical database was structured for moving tumor patients and patient setup error measurement and immobilization device effects were investigated. The system is composed of the respiratory motion reduction device utilized in prone position and abdominal presser (strip device) utilized in the supine position, moving phantom and the analysis program, which enables the analysis on patients setup reproducibility. It was tested for analyzing the diaphragm movement and CT volume differences from patients with RMRDs, the magnitude of PTV margin was determined and dose volume histogram (DVH) was computed using a treatment planning software. Dose to normal tissue between patients with RMRDs and without RMRDs was analyzed by comparing the fraction of the normal liver receiving to 50% of the isocenter dose(TD50). Results: In case of utilizing RMRDs, which was personally developed in our hospital, the value was reduced to $5pm1.4 mm$, and in case of which the belt immobilization device was utilized, the value was reduced to 3$pm$0.9 mm. Also in case of which the strip device was utilized, the value was proven to reduce to $4pm.3 mm$0. As a result of analyzing the TD50 is irradiated in DVH according to the radiation treatment planning, the usage of the respiratory motion reduction device can create the reduce of 30% to the maximum. Also by obtaining the digital image, the function of comparison between the standard image, automated external contour subtraction, and etc were utilized to develop patients setup reproducibility analysis program that can evaluate the change in the patients setup. Conclusion: Internal organ motion due to breathing can be reduced using RMRDs, which is simple and easy to use in clinical setting. It can reduce the organ motion-related PTV margin, thereby decrease volume of the irradiated normal tissue.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess nurses' educational needs for developing advanced nursing education program for musculoskeletal care. Methods: The participants consisted of 272 clinical nurses who had experience of taking care of patients with musculoskeletal problems. A structured questionnaire with 28 items was used to assess educational needs and priority perceived by clinical nurses. Collected data were analyzed using SPSSWIN V.18.0 program for descriptive statistics. This survey was conducted in accordance with standard ethical guidelines for all research involving human participants. Results: While the majority (93.4%) perceived needs for advanced education program, about half of the participants (48.5%) reported no educational experience about musculoskeletal care. The clinical nurses perceived important for 23 out of 28 areas to be included in advanced nursing education. Especially, the areas of pain management, surgical care, and medication were perceived high priority for education program in caring musculoskeletal patients. Conclusion: The study findings showed that most nurses perceived the need for advanced nursing education program in musculoskeletal care, and the areas with higher priority as perceived by nurses should be reflected in the program.
Purpose : This study was undertaken to provide prerequisites for accreditation of medical genetics training program and certification process for medical genetics professionals as clinical specialist and set up guidelines on curriculum of medical genetics training program in Korea. Methods : Six ad hoc committees for clinical geneticist, clinical cytogeneticist, clinical molecular geneticist, clinical biochemical geneticist, medical genetics technologists and genetic counselors were organized for reviewing current status in Korea as well as foreign countries. Each committee is composed of 6-8 members. They summarized their opinions according to the structured questionnaire inquiring the ways of accrediting training program, qualification of program director, trainee requirements, contents of curriculum, duration of training program, certification process, estimation of numbers of each specialist needed in next 5 years in Korea. Results : Both prerequisites for the accreditation of medical geneticist training institutions and qualification of program director are suggested. Candidacy of trainees requires MD with board of medical specialty, or PhD degree with professional experiences in related field except clinical genetics program which only accepts MD with board of medical specialty, and Non-MD genetic counselor and medical technologists with degrees of BS or MS. General duration of fellowship will be 2-3 years depending on the categories they are enrolled into. Contents of curriculum for each speciality training are described. For the certification of each category, the candidacy should submit a log book detailing the cases they experienced during the fellowship, prove that they successfully completed course work and clinical experiences in the accredited program, and pass the written examination. Conclusion : As medical genetics becomes more important in daily routine clinical practice, the accreditation of medical genetics training program and certification of personnel are urgently needed. In this regard, the study will be providing guidelines and prerequisites for accreditation of medical genetics training program and certification process for medical genetics professionals as clinical specialist.
Recent reports about economic structure and changes show that global economy changes to rely on service rather than manufacturing. This phenomenon can be explained in two ways: the growth of service industry itself and the increasing reliance on service by other industry areas. The importance of service is indicated by the fact that the contribution of research and development, marketing, and finance to the revenue generation of companies is getting greater than that of manufacturing. This change in the economic structure calls for researchers' attention on the importance of service and the service-based economy. In the service-based economy, firms are considered value proposition providers and consumers actual value creators so that the concept of co-value creation becomes a key thesis to study. However, there are a variety of definitions of service and diversified measurements of service anchored in the supplier-oriented understanding of service yet. This lack of understanding of the service and the economic paradigm change causes a lot of problems in the areas of service productivity, service quality, and service innovation. Even though a new movement called service science started and rigorously pursues the way of enhancing the understanding of the economic change and service productivity, there is no framework that provides a unified view about the new role of service, service productivity, service quality, and thus service innovation. This study proposes a unified framework to provide a structured view about service provision and to facilitate the research on service. The framework is built on the concepts from previous studies about service marketing and service science: service life cycle and service networks including value activity network, resource integrator network, and capability network. We hope this study can be used as the basis for future studies on service science.
This research is to offer a structured yet practical ex-ante evaluation methodology for IT investment. Benchmarking the best practices of four Korean organizations, we try to integrate core processes, relevant measures, and evaluation dimensions into a consistent and wholesome body of evaluating methodology. The best practices we considered encompass a wide range of business enterprises, including for-profit, non-profit, service-oriented, and manufacturing entities. The proposed methodology consists of three stages; the first stage checks the validity of investments by looking into comprehensiveness of planning, willingness to accomplish, justifiable grounds for the investments, overlapping investments, and obstructing risks; the second do so by putting an IT investment into economic, strategic, and technological perspectives; and the last third would produce a unified quantity that summarizes outcome of the previous stages. Incorporating the proven knowledge, guidelines, and quantifying tools, the methodology could make a valuable reference model for IT evaluation practitioners who have been bedeviled by having to going through such ex-ante evaluations.
This paper proposes an algorithm for the robust transmission of video in error Prone environment using multiple description codingby optimal split of DCT coefficients and rate-distortionoptimization framework. In MDC, a source signal is split Into several coded streams, which is called descriptions, and each description is transmitted to the decoder through different channel. Between descriptions, structured correlations are introduced at the encoder, and the decoder exploits this correlation to reconstruct the original signal even if some descriptions are missing. It has been shown that the MDC is more resilient than the singe description coding(SDC) against severe packet loss ratecondition. But the excessive redundancy in MDC, i.e., the correlation between the descriptions, degrades the RD performance under low PLR condition. To overcome this Problem of MDC, we propose a hybrid MDC method that controls the SDC/MDC switching according to channel condition. For example, the SDC is used for coding efficiency at low PLR condition and the MDC is used for the error resilience at high PLR condition. To control the SDC/MDC switching in the optimal way, RD optimization framework are used. Lagrange optimization technique minimizes the RD-based cost function, D+M, where R is the actually coded bit rate and D is the estimated distortion. The recursive optimal pet-pixel estimatetechnique is adopted to estimate accurate the decoder distortion. Experimental results show that the proposed optimal split of DCT coefficients and SD/MD switching algorithm is more effective than the conventional MU algorithms in low PLR conditions as well as In high PLR condition.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the descriptive evaluation method that focuses on the problem solving process of the student. The goal was to evaluate the students' understanding of the subject rather than the students' ability to find the final answer. The descriptive evaluation is being suggested as a way of examining the thought process of the student by performing a structured analysis of the problem solving process. Today, there are not enough descriptive evaluation resources available for teachers to effectively carry out this alternative assessment method in the elementary school mathematics curriculum. This research is a case study on the development of resources for descriptive evaluation in grade 4 mathematics. We designed the development process for descriptive evaluation and its rubric for all 8 units of the 4-Na level of mathematics in the elementary school curriculum. Three descriptive problems were developed for each of the 8 units for a total of 24 problems. The rubric consisted of three areas of assessment, 1) understanding of the problem, 2) problem solving, and 3) mathematical communication. The problems were first pilot tested in two 4th grade classes. Modified problems were then tested in a different 4th grade classroom. The study showed that the three defined areas of evaluation framework (problem understanding, problem solving and mathematical communication) were measurable and analyzable using the developed grading rubric. We then conclude that he descriptive evaluation could be used as an effective tool for improving teacher performance in elementary school mathematics.
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