• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

Negative-temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors based on nickel manganite spinel ($NiMn_2O_4$) are widely used for many applications, such as sensors and temperature compensators, due to their good thermistor characteristics and stabilities. However, to achieve thermistors with a high NTC B constant, which is an important figure of merit pertaining to the degree of temperature sensitivity, the activation energy should be high such that high resistivity at ambient temperatures results. To obtain a high B constant and low resistivity, Al and Si modified spinel structured $Ni_{0.6}Si_{0.2}Al_{0.6}Mn_{1.6}O_4$ hybrid thick films with the conducting metal oxide of $LaNiO_3$ were fabricated on a glass substrate by aerosol deposition at room temperature (RT). The NTC-$LaNiO_3$ hybrid thick films showed resistivity as low as < $100k{\Omega}\;cm$ at $90^{\circ}C$, which is one or two orders of magnitude lower than that of the monolithic NTC films, while retaining a high B constant of $NiMn_2O_4$ of over 5500 K when 20 wt% $LaNiO_3$ was added without a post-thermal treatment. These phenomena are explained by the percolation threshold mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2013

The genetic diversity and structure of eight populations of Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai, an endemic Korean plant, were investigated using 50 ISSR loci from eight primers. The average percentage of polymorphic loci was 47.3%. The Shannon's index (SI=0.218) and gene diversity (h=0.142) were relatively lower than those of other long-lived perennials. The Sancheong (SI=0.233, h=0153), Gwangyang (SI=0.263, h=0.171), and Suncheon (SI=0.241, h=0.159) populations showed greater genetic diversity than the Namhae and Gwangju populations, which are on the edge of the distribution. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 18% of the total variation could be attributed to differences among populations, and 82% to differences within populations, indicating moderate gene flow among adjacent populations. These results were supported by value of Nm (2.184). The UPGMA conducted using the genetic distance and Bayesian cluster analysis showed a remarkable geographic trend structured into east and west regions. Overall, the results indicate that the Sancheong and Gwangyang populations, which had a large population size and higher degree of genetic diversity, should be the focus of in situ conservation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.341-346
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was designed to provide basic data that would be helpful in planning mental health programs designed to help elderly people have a satisfying life as an elder by identifying the factors that affect cognition of urban and rural elderly people. Methods: Subjects included 160 elderly people on Daejeon and Geumsam. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection from march 2, 2011 to July 30, and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis of SPSS 18.0 program were performed for data analysis. Results: A significant difference in cognition was observed between two groups(t=-2.232, p=.029). Cognition & depression didn't have correlation(urban area(r=.021, p=.860), rural area(r=.-131, p=.271)). Significant factors influencing cognition included education(t=4.069, p<.001) and age(t=-2.812, p=.001) in urban area and sex(t=-3.011, p<.001), age(t=-4.866, p<.001), education(t=3.525, p<.001) in rural area. These factors explained 26.1% and 57.2% of the variance. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest the need for development of appropriate nursing strategies depending on the difference of the environment to increase cognitive function and to decrease the incidence of depression in elderly people.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health behavior and knowledge of middle schoolers in an attempt to facilitate the selection of what to teach about oral health. Methods : The subjects in this study were 315 students at three different middle schools located in the city of Gunsan. After a self-administered survey was conducted by using structured questionnaires in collaboration with their homeroom teachers, the answer sheets from 315 students were gathered. And the answer sheets from 302 students were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program except 13 incomplete ones. The findings of the study were as follows: Results : 1. By gender and grade, the middle school boys(51.3%) outnumbered the middle school girls(48.7%), and the seventh, eighty and ninth graders respectively accounted for 31.5, 32.8 and 35.8 percent. 2. As to the parts of the mouth they brushed, the largest number of the seventh graders(31.6%) and ninth graders(56.5%) brushed their teeth and tongue. The largest group of the eighth graders(39.4%) brushed their teeth, tongue and gums, and the gaps between them and the others were statistically significant. 3. In regard to toothbrushing frequency, the ninth graders did that 2.62 times, which was the largest frequency, but the gap between them and the others was not statistically significant. 4. Concerning school oral health education experiences, the rates of the seventh, eighth and ninth graders who had ever received that education stood at 69.5, 50.6 and 50.5 percent respectively, and those students significantly outnumbered the others who hadn't(p<0.01). 5. As for the relationship of their oral health behavior scores to toothbrushing frequency, there was a statistically significant correlation between the two(r=0.227, p<0.001). And the oral health knowledge scores had a statistically significant correlation to toothbrushing frequency (r=0.116, p<0.05) and oral health behavior scores(r=0.358, p<0.001). Conclusions : It is concluded that proactive oral health education must be made through diverse programs and systems. Also, regular oral examination and active oral health program for preventing dental caries and periodontal disease should be proliferated in order to evaluate achievement and effectiveness and maintain oral health care.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was aimed to survey the perception of public official on public health promotion programs in Traditional Korean Medicine (PHPP-TKM). Methods : Data were collected from 129 public officials who were in charge of PHPP-TKM business in the public health centers using the structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis and T-test using SPSS 13.0. Results : Even though stroke prevention programs are implemented most often at present, respondents hope to practice dementia prevention programs in the future. The obstructive factor was measured by 5-point Likert scale, and the most obstructive factor was that there were neither standard manuals nor methodological guidelines for the programs($3.73{\pm}0.97$). The second most obstructive factor was that TKM-PHPP duplicated other public health programs($3.67{\pm}1.07$). The plan to activate TKM-PHPP was also measured by 5-point Likert scale. The most suggested plan was to develop competitive programs ($4.20{\pm}0.88$). The second most suggested plan was that of various integration of public health programs ($4.14{\pm}0.80$). Conclusions : The result of survey questionnaire suggests to develop various integrated programs, and to draw up a standard manual to activate the TKM-PHPP in public health centers.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.36-45
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• 2014

Based on the perception of Maurice Merleau Ponty, This study defines that Moving is a form lively to experience meaning, pleasure as the aesthetic attribute structured to a product, expression and value are synthesized into. The purpose of study is to argue that Wearable, Ubiquitous, Interaction, Play, D, I, Y, Universal, Ecology are the forms, modalities that the moving is variously subjected to the product design. Above This is the result reasoned according to analogical form as below between the moving and all design forms. First, The moving as the aesthetic expression and value are synthesized into is the intrinsic, general proposition, maxim for the value judgement. Second, All design forms are the cases which the values based on the aesthetic expression system are subjected to Third, Thus All design forms are the modalities of the aesthetic expression based on the values. The certainty of this judgement, reasoning is the proof that the correspondence between the moving as the aesthetic expression and design form is the fact. That is to say, It is the proof that Users lively experience the aesthetic meaning, pleasure in fact as the aesthetic values are subjected to all design forms. The lived experience of each user in their daily life itself is the only method or assurance for this. The moving integrates the existence of a product and what should be of users into the aesthetic dimension and at the same time, is realized based on this. The emphasized theme in all cases of this study is not the product but the moving. So, The product design is changed into the action which structures the moving like above to a product.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4404-4415
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• 2014

This study was carried out to verify the relationship between the job satisfaction and turnover intention of nurses working in general hospitals The study included 312 nurses working in three general hospitals located in Gyeoungpook area. The data was collected by a survey using self-administered questionnaires structured from February 25 to March 16, 2013. The level of turnover intention was negatively correlated with job satisfaction and professional position, autonomy, administrative capacity, pay, task requirement. In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of the high risk turnover intention was increased significantly in the lower groups of job satisfaction, job autonomy, administrative capacity and pay than in the higher groups of these items. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the turnover intention correlated significantly with the education level, subjective sleep evaluation, job career, job position, monthly pay, satisfaction with work, fitness of the job, career choice motives, physical burden of work, and job satisfaction. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the job satisfaction and turnover intention in the studied nurses, which showed that the turnover intention increased with decreasing level of job satisfaction. The variations in the job related characteristics and job satisfaction have a significant influence on the turnover intention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4449-4456
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• 2014

This study analyzed the dental technician's social support and individual competency as well as its correlation. 200 dental technicians in Seoul, Incheon, and Chunchungnamdo area were selected. The survey was carried out from April 28, 2012 to May 25, 2012 using a self-administered questionnaire. Regarding the tools for this study, a structured questionnaire was used with proven reliability and feasibility, and the contents of the questionnaire consisted of 55 questions based on the related references. The subjects completed the questionnaire regarding the general characteristics, social support, and individual competency. Data analysis was processed using computerized system with SPSS 18.0. Statistical analysis techniques including frequency, percentage, T-test, ANOVA analysis and correlation. An analysis of the research subjects' social support level revealed a significant difference in the item of marital status and residence area (p<0.05). The average in the social support was indicated to be high with 3.33. An analysis of the research subjects' individual competency revealed a significant difference in the items of age, marital status, residence area, carrier, job position, education (p<0.05). The average in the individual competency was indicated to be high with 3.68. The correlation between social support and individual competency showed that most of the variables had an association, showing that more social support leads to more individual competency.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.21-37
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• 2016

The purpose of study was to examine the entrepreneurial supporting policy and the entrepreneurship which can affect the entrepreneurial intention, and to prove the moderating effect of the business failure burden and the self-efficacy on the relationship of the entrepreneurial supporting policy, entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention through the empirical study in the fusion of industries. We used data from 321 survey participants by using structured questionnaires, excluding dishonest respondents, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 statistic package. We used hierarchical regression technique to prove our hypothesis. The results showed that education and marketing support which are part of the entrepreneurial supporting policy in the fusion of industries will have positive influence on innovativeness, pro-activeness and risk acceptability which are part of entrepreneurship. It has been reported that only funding support has positive influence on entrepreneurship pro-activeness. The results also indicated that the entrepreneurial supporting policy will have positive influence on the entrepreneurial intention, but business failure burden and self-efficacy will have no moderating effect in the relation between the entrepreneurial supporting policy and the entrepreneurship. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed and the directions for future research were presented.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.166-174
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to identify factors that influence middle-aged men's attitude towards death. Methods: The study enrolled 204 middle-aged (range=40~59 years) male residents of Daegu in Korea. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected in October 4~30, 2010. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheff$\grave{e}$'s test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN 14.0. Results: Participants' attitude towards death significantly differed according to educational level, religion, volunteer activities, and perceived health status. Moreover, their attitude towards death was negatively correlated with life stress and depression and positively correlated with self-esteem, life satisfaction, and coping behavior. The factors influencing the attitude towards death were life satisfaction, daily stress, religion, and depression, which explained approximately 25.7% of the total variance. Conclusion: Middle-aged men perform a crucial role in our society, and their attitude toward death affects how they cope with a situational crisis such as a terminal cancer or withdrawal of life sustaining treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement a support program for middle-aged men, which offers them with various strategies to better manage their daily stress and improve their life satisfaction and coping skills.