• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.631-652
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• 2005

This study is to clarify regional structure and connection of international physical distribution through clearance depot of Cheongju customs of inland location. The trade of clearance depot of Cheongju customs industrial characteristics reflects of territorial hinterland. As origins and destinations of freight as exports and imports region, territories of Cheongju customs trade mainly with Japan, China, and USA. Origin and destination of freight of Cheongju customs territory are hinterland and foreland of Incheon International Airport and Busan port. In case of export, foreland of Busan port is board, and in case of import, the hinterlands of Incheon International Airport and Busan port are similar. Clearance depot of inland-located Cheongju is construct by the advantages of rapidness and inexpensive cost. And the kind of freight and system of physical distribution of each enterprise show different characteristics. For each export and import freight, each shipper corporation has its own physical distribution system, and structure of international distribution is classified into export pattern of bonded industry and bonded warehouse. Again the patterns of bonded warehouse are distinguished free on board price system with division of labor in base of production in overseas, free on board price system, and cost-insurance-freight with division of labor in base of production in overseas. These Phenomena are caused by transaction between headquarter and its overseas corporation, initiative freight handling of export corporation, choice of inexpensive cost, and international convention.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-21
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• 2014

Purpose - The paper analyzes basic indicators characterizing the volume of energy sector activity in the Russian Federation, Privolzhsky Federal district, Republic of Tatarstan. Research design, data, and methodology - The study analyzed data from the Privolzhsky Federal district, specifically, industrial production volume, electricity production, energy consumption, energy-balance data, capital investments, and capital investment structure. An array of data has been investigated in recent years. The dataset's dynamics were analyzed in 1998. Fixed capital investment dynamics were studied in 1946 the figures were converted to a comparable form using the index method. Trends were analyzed using multivariate statistics methods and the Statgraphics software package. Results - Hypothesis 1. There are sectoral disproportions in energy flows,taking into account the volume of electricity production and consumption. Trends in electricity production in general coincide with industrial production volume trends. Energy flows have disparities in individual territorial units, and in general. Hypothesis 2. The degree of sectoral economic stability decreases with insufficient levels of investment in fixed capital energy organizations. Conclusions - Because totalelectricity production is largely determined by fixed capital investments, the study of their trends and patterns will coordinate efforts on investment operations in this area.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.70-83
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• 2011

The number of agricultural products due to open in response to international competitiveness of the farming press and the need for structural adjustment in agriculture and in agricultural crops receive a fair market price, fair trade, such as improving efficiency sidaejeo appropriate response to the request of the government must have. For this purpose, compared to the communist bojaphan agricultural water efficiently changing the structure of the distribution, agricultural products originating from the acquisition phase choice of shipping a stable product supply and plans to expand production system to induce a smooth supply of agricultural products, expand processing capacity and sales control should be. Also, in the distribution process by eliminating various immoral conduct commerce retail establishment and enforcement of policies for efficient and accurate distribution statistics, information is needed. The ultimate goal of agricultural restructuring and ensure fair price for producers sangpuui and improvement of production facilities for maximizing and affordable for consumers, according to your preferences to receive the best offer will be Foo. Therefore, management increases the efficiency of just distribution costs, or margins, lowering the improvement is not practical to restructure the distribution structure of costs for the best product and must supply the next country of agricultural products, strengthen the consumer's purchase desire to meet will be.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 2010

The 5th century kiln that produced pottery coffins was found for the first time in Korea, located in the Oryang-dong remains in the city of Naju. This kiln, located in the central area of the Yeongsan River, provides important data for research on mortuary practices in prehistoric society, including the structure of production and patterns of distribution and consumption. For this study, the remains of five ancient tombs and pottery coffins excavated from the 4th century Mandong archaeological site were chosen to determine the area of consumption of pottery coffins produced at the Oryang-dong kiln. The samples from each area of remains were analyzed for minor elements using neutron activation analysis method, and from these results, the identities of the corresponding production areas were investigated using the multi-variant statistical analysis of discriminant analysis. The evidence strongly suggests that pottery coffins produced at the Oryang-dong kiln in Naju were used in ancient tombs of the Bannam mound in Naju, the Okyari mound in Yeongam, and the Banam mound in Hampyeong, reaching those sites through trade and distribution. The findings also suggest that pottery coffins from the Mandong archeological site in Gochang and the Inpyeong mound in Muan were not produced at the Oryang-dong kiln in Naju, but rather were brought from pottery kilns in different production areas, through trade and distribution.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.355-361
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• 1999

Distribution of size class, population regeneration and changes in the population structure of Quercus mongolica were studied from 1994 to 1999 in Mt. Jumbong (128°27' E, 38° 04' N) of Mt. Sorak National Park and Biosphere Reserve in central Korea. Three 20m × 20m permanent quadrats were set up at the elevation of 900m. The vegetation of the study site was dominated by Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum, but little change was observed in the community structure from 1995 to 1999. Most mortality in the study site was observed in small trees of A. pseudosieboldianum and Tilia amurensis. Mean annual growth in dbh (diameter of breast height) of Q. mongolica for 4 years was only 0.09cm, and no ingrowth of saplings (dbh < 2.5cm) into tree class was observed during the study period. Among the 21 Q. mongolica trees studied in the permanent quadrats. all the smaller trees (dbh < 30cm) were established in 1920 ∼ 1950, while many bigger trees (with 40cm < dbh < 80cm) were established in 1750 ∼ 1800, indicating that its establishment was episodic. Distribution of dbh classes among Q. mongolica trees shows that smaller trees were poorly represented, and no saplings of Q. mongolica occurred in the permanent quadrats studied, indicating that currently Q. mongolica is not regenerating well in the study site. Total seed production of Q. mongolica in 1994 was estimated as 88 acorns per square meter in the study site. Rate of predation including caching of acorns was highest in 1994, then declined sharply thereafter. Most of the acorns which managed to survive in the first year were predated in the second year, and only 5% of the acorns produced in 1994 survived into the third year. No seeds produced in 1994 or seedlings germinated from them succeeded to survive to 5 years after seed production. However, seedling emergence rate and seedling survival were high in the early growing season in 1995. These results suggest that predation can be a significant factor in the regeneration of Q. mongolica. and that Q. mongolica is not regenerating well in Mt. Jumbong and needs large scale disturbances for its new recruitment.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2013

The structural design requirements of an offshore platform subjected to wave induced forces and moments in the jacket can play a major role in the design of the offshore structures. For an economic and reliable design; good estimation of wave loadings are essential. A nonlinear response analysis of a fixed offshore platform under structural and wave loading is presented, the structure is discretized using the finite element method, wave plus current kinematics (velocity and acceleration fields) are generated using 5th order Stokes wave theory, the wave force acting on the member is calculated using Morison's equation. Hydrodynamic loading on horizontal and vertical tubular members and the dynamic response of fixed offshore structure together with the distribution of displacement, axial force and bending moment along the leg are investigated for regular and extreme conditions, where the structure should keep production capability in conditions of the 1-yr return period wave and must be able to survive the 100-yr return period storm conditions. The result of the study shows that the nonlinear response investigation is quite crucial for safe design and operation of offshore platform.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.445-451
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• 2007

This study was started to not only resolve structural problems such as lack of contents, an unstable structure of earnings, and reduction of an additional market in Korean film industry through revitalizing digital cinema, but also make digital cinema become a power for growing Korean film industry furthermore. In the section of revitalizing digital cinema production, I suggest that expanding an audience base of low budget art cinema using digital technology will contribute to diversity film contents, and joint production with broadcasters by digital technology will expedite growing film industry as well as revitalizing digital cinema production. In the section of revitalizing digital cinema distribution, I insist, we should make effort positively to build reasonable hold-back and so on in order that film industry's positive participation in the market of digital film distribution and new media such as DMB or IP-TV may become an additional market to film industry. In conclusion, we can gain a foothold to leap toward a Position of cultural technology Power through efforts to resolve problems inherent in digital cinema.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

Purpose - This paper is for the Analysis on the Hindrance Factors and Activation Scheme by the Type of Distribution Channel in Direct transaction of Agricultural Products. As the distribution structure of agricultural products has become changable, farmers seem to use the type of direct distribution in order to enhance the receiving price. This study aims to explore the hindrance factors and income variation rate in direct transaction of agricultural produces, specifically focusing on the 167 farmers. Research design, data, and methodology - To ascertain the hindrance factors exactly by the type of distribution channel, the managements were classified by four subcategories, that is high sales percentage with shopping malls, SNS, shopping malls and SNS, and off-line direct transaction. Results - As a result of the hypothesis test, hinderance factors in online direct deal activation were found to be in the order of the difficulty in continuous content production, the difficulty in shopping mall operation and maintenance, and the difficulty in card commission problems, and in the order of the difficulties in continuous content production, the difficulty in continuous content production, the difficulty in shopping mall operation and maintenance, and the difficulty in branding for the SNS group. Thus, it can be seen that the difficulty in continuous content production, shopping mall operation and maintenance were found to be the biggest obstacles. In addition, hindering factors in online direct deal activation were found to be in the order of the difficulty in credit card settlement, the difficulty in publicity, and the difficulty in dealing with unsold goods. The group with high sales rate in shopping mall was found to be increased by 23.9% in the gross income compared to the previous year, the group with high SNS sales ratio increased by 56.5%, the group with direct offline transaction increased by 37.1%, among which the group with the highest increase rate of SNS sales ratio was found to be the highest from the rate of increase/decrease of the income, which was statistically significant. Conclusions - It can be suggested that government and local government may provide agricultural management with supporting plan which in turn can activate direct transaction in any possible ways.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.51-57
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to improve the distribution structure of the OLED market and develop cost-effective optimization techniques. Specifically, it is a study on the optimization of ferric chloride to improve the etch of SUS MASK for OLED. Research design, data, and methodology - Applying the optimal conditions of the experiment, the final confirmation was evaluated for improvement by the Process Capability Index (Cpk). It is possible to derive social performance such as improvement of precision of SUS MASK manufacturing, economic performance such as defect rate, reduction of waste generation and treatment cost, technological achievement such as SUS MASK production technology, improvement of profit structure of technology development and process improvement do. Results - The improvement of the Cpk before the improvement was made was confirmed to be 0.57% with a defect estimate of 25.07% with a failure estimate of 0.57% after the improvement, and 8.84% with a failure estimate of 0.57% level after the improvement. Conclusions - If the conclusions obtained from the specimen experiment are applied to the manufacturing process of SUS MASK, it will be possible to expect excellent cost-effective competitiveness due to the improvement of precision and reduction of defect rate to enhance the OLED market penetration.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.69-83
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate whether asymmetric price transmission exists in the distribution stage of farmed olive flounder market. For the analysis, time series data were used for the producer prices of Jeju and Wando, and the wholesale prices of Incheon, Hanam and Busan. Through the Granger causality test, the causal relationship from the producer price to the wholesale price was derived and the asymmetric price transmission was analyzed using the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). As a result of the analysis, it was found that there is a phenomenon of 'positive asymmetric price transmission' from the producer price to the wholesale price. This result can be one evidence that excess profits are received in the intermediate distribution stage, and can be said to be a result showing the incompleteness and inefficiency of the distribution structure of the farmed olive flounder. In the future, it is required to establish an information-sharing system in all stages of production, distribution, and consumption that can create a competitive environment for distribution participants and resolve information asymmetry. Also, it is necessary to review the distribution center specializing in live fish from the viewpoint of the establishment of new distribution channels and sales diversification strategy under the rapidly changing fisheries environment.