• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.43
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• pp.41-66
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• 2015

A study on rhythm of a sijo was mostly conducted based on rhythm theory. As it is considered to define the rhythm of a formal sijo based on three verses, its significance has been recognized. However, if rhythm is understood to be superior to cadence or versification, it seems necessary to examine the rhythm of a sijo as a verse with a fixed form as well as a highly individual rhythm of each and every lyric poet, which is informal rhythm, in order to fully understand them. In this case, prosodie analysis by H. Meschonnic (1932~ 2009) can be a significant methodology. As this study gropes for a possibility to examine the rhythm of a sijo from a new perspective instead of existing rhythm theory through the application of H. Meschonnic's prosodie analysis, it can be regarded as an essay. Prosodie newly suggested by Meschonnic is referred to as linguistic organization of consonants and vowels and indication of their paradigm, and it conflicts the perspective that traditionally separates linguistic sound from meaning for dichotomous understanding. It is due to the fact that the organization of consonants and vowels is a unit that constitutes a complicated layer of significant sound and meaning. Accordingly, prosodie analysis that is irregularly and aperiodically distributed within poetic text can be considered as methodology aimed at explaining how a poem is integrated in terms of sound and semantics. The core of prosodie analysis is to examine how the phonologic system stands against the theme of a poem. It ultimately has the same way of establishing literary style of a poet as it is to explain a unique aesthetic structure that individual poems have and show distinct characteristics of linguistic use by a poet. Prior to application of the prosodie analysis to sijo in general, the study preparatorily conducted prosodie analysis on < Ouga > by Gosan Seon-do Yun.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1998

Time-lapse crosswell seismic data, recorded before and after the cavity filling, showed that the filling increased the velocity at a known cavity zone in an old mine site in Inchon area. The seismic response depicted on the tomogram and in conjunction with the geologic data from drillings imply that the size of the cavity may be either small or filled by debris. In this study, I attempted to evaluate the filling effect by analyzing velocity measured from the time-lapse tomograms. The data acquired by a downhole airgun and 24-channel hydrophone system revealed that there exists measurable amounts of source statics. I presented a methodology to estimate the source statics. The procedure for this method is: 1) examine the source firing-time for each source, and remove the effect of irregular firing time, and 2) estimate the residual statics caused by inaccurate source positioning. This proposed multi-step inversion may reduce high frequency numerical noise and enhance the resolution at the zone of interest. The multi-step inversion with different starting models successfully shows the subtle velocity changes at the small cavity zone. The inversion procedure is: 1) conduct an inversion using regular sized cells, and generate an image of gross velocity structure by applying a 2-D median filter on the resulting tomogram, and 2) construct the starting velocity model by modifying the final velocity model from the first phase. The model was modified so that the zone of interest consists of small-sized grids. The final velocity model developed from the baseline survey was as a starting velocity model on the monitor inversion. Since we expected a velocity change only in the cavity zone, in the monitor inversion, we can significantly reduce the number of model parameters by fixing the model out-side the cavity zone equal to the baseline model.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.77-87
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• 2008

Wooden model erosion control dam was made with pitch pine, of which the strength properties was evaluated. Wooden model erosion control dam was made with diameter 90 mm of pitch pine round posts treated with CUAZ-2 (Copper Azole), changing joint in three different types. In each type, erosion control dam was made in nine floor (cross-bar of five floors and vertical-bar of four floors), of which the hight was 790 mm. And then strength properties were investigated through horizontal loading test and impact strength test, and the deformation of structure through image processing (AICON 3D DPA-PRO system). In horizontal loading test of wooden model erosion control dam using round post of diameter 90 mm, whether there was stone or not did not affect strength much when using self drill screw, but strength was decreased by 23%. In monolithic type of erosion control dam using screw bar, strength was increased by 1.5 times and deformation was decreased when filling with stone. When reinforcing with screw bar that ring is connected to self drill screw, strength was increased by 4.8 times. In impact strength test of wooden model erosion control dam made with round post of diameter 90 mm, the erosion control dam connected with self drilling screw not filling with stone was totally destroyed by the 1st impact, and the erosion control dam using screw bar was ruptured at cross-bar at which 779 kgf of impact was loaded in the 1st impact. In the 2nd impact, the base parts were ruptured, and reaction force was decreased to 545 kgf. In the 3rd impact, whole base parts were destroyed, and reaction force was decreased to 263 kgf.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.148-161
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• 2012

The intensive observation (ProbeX-2010) with 6-hour launches of radiosonde was performed over Seoul metropolitan area (Dongducheon, Incheon Airport, and Yangpyeong) from 13 Aug. to 3 Sep. 2010. Five typical heavy rainfall patterns occurred consecutively which are squall line, stationary front, remote tropical cyclone (TC), tropical depression, and typhoon patterns. On 15 Aug. 03 KST, when squall line developed over Seoul metropolitan area, dry mid-level air was drawn over warm and moist low-level air, inducing strong convective instability. From 23 to 26 Aug and from 27 to 29 Aug. Rainfall event occurred influenced by stationary front and remote TC, respectively. During the stationary frontal rainy period, thermal instability was dominant in the beginning stage, but dynamic instability became strong in the latter stage. Especially, heavy rainfall occurred on 25 Aug. when southerly low level jet formed over the Yellow Sea. During the rainy period by the remote TC, thermal and dynamic instability sustained together. Especially, heavy rainfall event occurred on 29 Aug. when the tropical air with high equivalent potential temperature (>345 K) occupied the deep low-middle level. On 27 Aug. and 2 Sep. tropical depression and typhoon Kompasu affected Seoul metropolitan area, respectively. During these events, dynamic instability was very strong.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.97-136
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• 2004

The Northeast Asian air cargo market has expanded tremendously as a result of the opening up of the Chinese market. The importance of the Asia-Pacific region in the global air transport has also increased. The exchange of human and material resources, services, and information in Northeast Asia, which is expected to increase in the near future, requires that the airlines operating within this region adopt a more liberalized approach. This paper introduced alternatives which can be applied to the Northeast Asian airlines industry so as to bring about the integration of regional air transport: First, this paper found a need for individual Northeast Asian nations to alter their policies towards the airlines industry. Second, each country should further liberalize their respective domestic air transport. Third, there is a need for freer air service agreements to be signed between the nations of Northeast Asia. Fourth, the strategic alliances between the airlines operating in Northeast Asia should be further strengthened. Fifth, this liberalization process should be carried out in an incremental manner, beginning with more competitive airports and routes, or with less-in-demand routes. Sixth, there is a need for a shuttle system to be put into place between the main airports in China, Korea, and Japan. Seventh, these three nations jointly develop aviation safety and security systems that are in accordance with international standards. Eighth, the liberalization process of the aviation industry should be undertaken in conjunction with other related fields. Ninth, organizations linking together civil aviation organization in the Asia-Pacific area should be formed, as should each government linking together. By doing so, these countries will be able to establish regular venues through which to exchange opinions on the integration and liberalization of the air cargo market so as to induce the gradual liberalization of the actual market. The liberalization of the air transport in Northeast Asia will prove to be a daunting task in the short term. However, if the Chinese airlines continue to exhibit continuous growth and Japanese airlines are able to complete their move towards a low-cost structure, this process could be completed earlier than expected. Over the last twenty five years the air transport has undergone tremendous changes. The most important factor behind these changes has been the increased liberalization of the market. As a result, rates have decreased while demand has increased. This has resulted in turning the air transport industry, which was long perceived as an industry in decline, into a high-growth industry. The only method of increasing regional exchanges in the air transport is to pursue further liberalization. The country which implements this liberalization process at the earliest date may very well emerge as a leading force within the air transport industry.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2017

Objectives : Recent neuroimaging studies focus on dysfunctions in connectivity between cognitive circuits and emotional circuits: anterior cingulate cortex that connects dorsolateral orbitofrontal cortex and prefrontal cortex to limbic system. Previous studies on pediatric depression using DTI have reported decreased neural connectivity in several brain regions, including the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, superior longitudinal fasciculus. We compared the neural connectivity of psychotropic drug naïve adolescent patients with a first onset of major depressive episode with healthy controls using DTI. Methods : Adolescent psychotropic drug naïve patients(n=26, 10 men, 16 women; age range, 13-18 years) who visited the Korea University Guro Hospital and were diagnosed with first onset major depressive disorder were registered. Healthy controls(n=27, 5 males, 22 females; age range, 12-17 years) were recruited. Psychiatric interviews, complete psychometrics including IQ and HAM-D, MRI including diffusion weighted image acquisition were conducted prior to antidepressant administration to the patients. Fractional anisotropy(FA), radial, mean, and axial diffusivity were estimated using DTI. FMRIB Software Library-Tract Based Spatial Statistics was used for statistical analysis. Results : We did not observe any significant difference in whole brain analysis. However, ROI analysis on right superior longitudinal fasciculus resulted in 3 clusters with significant decrease of FA in patients group. Conclusions : The patients with adolescent major depressive disorder showed statistically significant FA decrease in the DTI-based structure compared with healthy control. Therefore we suppose DTI can be used as a bio-marker in psychotropic drug-naïve adolescent patients with first onset major depressive disorder.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.88-105
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• 2020

This study examined existing theories of the characteristics of the abandoned tumulus site located at the east side of the Silla era Hwang Bok Sa (皇福寺) site and attempted an archaeological approach based on the derived facts, combining both the results of this study and those of a recently conducted excavation survey. The results of this investigation exhibited the following outcomes. First, the excavation survey revealed that the huge rounded stones discovered on the surface of a rice paddy field located at the east side of the Silla era Hwang Bok Sa were all protecting stones, processed on the front side in the form of a bow, designating a royal tomb. Most of these protecting stones had deviated from their original positions due to subsequent farming practices and some had been re-cycled for construction purposes as fences or foundations for structures built in the Silla era. Considering the prevailing belief in the concept of reincarnation, the bone rank system, and royal authority in the Silla era at that time, it would seem likely that the royal tombs were not intentionally destroyed. Therefore, it is speculated that the stones in this royal tomb were abandoned during construction of the tomb of the King at that time and then naturally re-cycled as building components used in construction sites in later years. Second, this study comparatively analyzed the scale and quality of the supporting stones at the royal tomb site in Guhwang-dong. The analysis results verified that those supporting stones were the same stones from the royal tomb used as supporting stones for statues symbolizing the twelve earthly branch spirits that were restored at the site of the tower at the royal tomb. This confirmed that the statues of the twelve earthly branches spirits sitting at the Hwang Bok Sa site were the protecting stones from a different royal tomb. Accordingly, the conclusion that has been generally accepted to date-that the protecting stones of the statues of twelve earthly branches spirits sitting at Hwang Bok Sa site were probably moved from the royal tomb site in Guhwang-dong-must inevitably be modified. Third, based on the structure of the protecting stones and type of the royal tomb, it is speculated that the individual buried in the royal tomb at Guhwang-dong is one of the kings who followed King Heungdeok and similar times of the buried person of the tomb that was considered as King Gyeongdeok, and who was before the buried person of the tomb that was considered as Kim Yu-sin. In addition, when considering the historical art patterns on the supporting stones of the statues that symbolize the twelve earthly branches spirits, which were moved to the site of the tower at the royal tomb, it is reasonable to believe that the person buried at the royal tomb at Guhwang-dong is likely one of the Kings of the late Silla era of the 9^th century.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.374-385
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• 2013

Sediment particle motions have been numerically simulated over a sinusoidal ripple. Turbulent boundary layer flows are generated by Large Eddy Simulation, and the sediment particle motions are simulated using Lagrangian particle tracking method. Two unsteady flow conditions are used in the experiment by employing two different wave amplitudes while keeping other conditions such as wave period same. As expected, the amount of suspended sediment particles is clearly dependent on the wave amplitude as it is increasing with increasing flow intensity. However, it is also observed that the pattern of suspension may be different as well due to the only different condition caused by wave amplitude. Specially, the time of maximum sediment suspension within the wave period is not coincident between the two cases because sediment suspension is strongly affected by the existence of turbulent eddies that are formed at different times over the ripple between the two cases as well. The role of these turbulent eddies on sediment suspension is important as it is also confirmed in previous researches. However, it is also found the time of these eddies' formation may also dependent on the wave amplitude over rippled beds. Therefore, it has been proved that various flow as well as geometric conditions under waves has to be considered in order to have better understanding on the sediment suspension process over ripples. In addition, it is found that high turbulent energy and strong upward flow velocities occur during the time of eddy formation, which also supports high suspension rate at these time steps. The results indicate that the relationship between the structure of flows and bedforms has to be carefully examined in studying sediment suspension at coastal regions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.594-600
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• 2015

Protein-protein interactions have a critical role in the regulation of many cellular functions. Postsynaptic density-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domain is one of domains that mediate protein-protein interactions. PDZ domains typically bind to the specific motif at the carboxyl (C)-terminal end of partner proteins. Multi-PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1), which has 13 PDZ domains, serves a scaffolding function for structure proteins and signaling proteins, but the cellular function of MUPP1 has not been fully elucidated. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with PDZ domains of MUPP1. We found an interaction between MUPP1 and muskelin. Muskelin was recently identified as a GABA_A receptor (GABA_AR) α1 subunit binding protein and known to have a role in receptor endocytosis and degradation. Muskelin bound to the 3^rd PDZ domain, but not to other PDZ domains of MUPP1. The C-terminal end of muskelin was essential for the interaction with MUPP1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. When co-expressed in HEK-293T cells, muskelin but not the C-terminal deleted muskelin was co-immunoprecipitated with MUPP1. In addition, MUPP1 co-localized with muskelin at the same subcellular region in cells. These findings collectively suggest that MUPP1 or its interacting proteins could modulate GABA_AR trafficking and turnover through the interaction with muskelin.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.20
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• pp.129-161
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• 2010

Women's social status is marginal in the patriarchal system, therefore it is not easy to express their's desire. Women's social role are restricted by the Confucian culture in the late of Chosun Dinasty. But women freely expressed their's gamseong(感性) by singing the folk songs. Many researches have focused on the reality of life or the structure and meanings of the women's folk songs. On the contrary, no one has paid attention to the gamseong in the women's folk songs. This is the reason why this thesis focused on the aspects of gamseong in the women's folk songs. The aspect of gamseong expression in women's folk songs can be classfied as follow: HAN(恨) resulting from living with one's husband's parents (Si-jip-sa-ri); LONGING caused by parting with the lover; HOPE due to childbirth and bringing up; SHIN-MYOUNG(神明) through deviation and liberation. In conclusion, We can find out women's gamseong would be formed from the their own roles and relationship with the others. Besides they could offset their sorrow and cure their pain through loving others and selfloving.