• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 1983

The results that the effect of 6 detergents on the structural changes and biochemical composition of bacterial membrane of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus are as follows ; 1. Population growth of the bacteria was increased in case of the treatment with palmitoyl carnitine and sodium deoxy cholate but was increased in case of the treatment with palmitoyl carnitine and sodium deoxy cholate but was decreased by sodium dodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline, in E.coli and was decreased by palmitoyl carnitine and palmitoyl choline at the low concentration, in B. cereus. 2. The electron micrograph showed that cell wall lysis or cell collapse were observed in the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline, and also cell wall was condensed by triton X-100 and sodium deoxy cholate, in E.coli. And in B. cereus, endospore formation of the bacteria was stimulated by palmitoyl choline, and cell lysis or structural changes of the membrane were observed in the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium cholate, and triton X-100, respectively. 3. As to the effect of detergent on the biochemical composition of biomembrane, the content of carnitine, in E.coli, and B.cereus, the content of structural protein and phospholipid were decreased by treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate and structural protein was denatured by palmitoyl choline. 4. The profile of membrane protein revealed that the bacterial membrane were composed of various proteins. By dint of this result, some of membrane proteins were solubilized or changed to small molecules by the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline, in E.coli and membrane protein of the biomembrane by treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxy cholate, palmitoyl choline, and palmitoyl carnitine were confirmed to be different profile as compared with those of the control, in B. cereus. Therefore, it is suggested that sodium dfodecyl sulfate and palmitoyl choline soulbilized biomembranes or inhibited membrane transport and that palmitoyl carnitine and sodium deoxy cholate were used as an energy source or stimulating the membrane transport, in E.coli. And, it is suggested that all of detergents were inhibited biomembrane synthesis, expet saponin, in B.cereus.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.27-48
• /
• 1999

The paper is concerned with application to develop the expert system, which structural analysis and design process for tower cranes. The system is organized into three groups. One is pre-processor for creating input data files, another is `model former' which combines knowledge-base with inference engine for automatic generating structural analysis models, a third is application group for final analysis checks. In this study, geometric subroutine of `model former' designates node positions, nodes, elements numbers and element types. Load data subroutine computes weight of tower crane and device, slewing force, cargo load, wind force form rules or equations in knowledge-base. Also, Property and boundary subroutine applies element properties and boundary conditions to suitable elements and nodes. Design and analysis expert system for tower crane integrates these subroutine, `model former' and pre-processor. RBR(Rule-Base Reasoning) was adopted for a reasoning strategy of this expert system. And this expert system can produce structural analysis model and data, which can be used in ordinary structural analysis program (SAP, ADINA or NASTRAN, etc.). In this paper, this expert system produces format of the analysis model data, which are used in MSC/NASTRAN. The main discussions included in the paper are introduction of the tower crane and structural analysis, composition of the design expert system for tower crane and structural analysis using the expert system.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.249-258
• /
• 2014

Phytoplankton species composition and ecological index (diversity, evenness, richness and dominance) were analysed from April 2013 to March 2014 at 10 stations of cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas culture area in Iwon coast, Korea. Seasonal and positional variation of phytoplankton standing crops, biomass, dominant species and water quality were distinctively different according to occasionally inflow of Iwon dam reservoired water. The composition of phytoplankton species were Bacillariophyceae 98, Dinophycease 22, Chlorophycease 13, Cyanophyceae 8, Silicofalgellate 4, Euglenophyceae 2, Cryptophyceae 1 species. The most dominant species was Bacillariophyceae as 64.0%. The highest biomass of phytoplankton recorded in September as $40,910{\times}10^3$ cell/L at the station 1, near from inland water inflow area. Ecological indices (diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance index), used for structural change of phytoplankton community and water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity) showed difference of spatiotemporal property also.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
• /
• 2013.05a
• /
• pp.15-16
• /
• 2013

Magnetization behavior of ultra thin $Fe_xCo_{1-x}$ alloy (where x varies from 0 to 100) has been investigated as functions of composition on Cr (100) substrate by using in situ surface magneto optical Kerr effect (SMOKE). It's always show in plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy at room temperature (RT) & Low temperature (LT). It is observed that composition dependent coercive force maximum at about 30 at % Co and 70 at % Co atomic ratio and minimum near equiatomic site. The relative magnetic moments as composition variation also show magnetization collapse near equiatomic site. The magnetization behaviors of Fe-Co alloy on Cr (100) due to composition varies are supported the order-disordering as well as structural stability bcc (ferromagnetic)/fcc (anti-ferromagnetic) phase stability magnetism.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2021

This study is conducted with the aim of redefining the university-based lifelong education support system for developmental disabled. The research method consisted of procedures in parallel with literature analysis and expert meetings. As for the contents of the study, a composition system that recognized the problems and solutions of lifelong education for the developmental disabled based on universities was primarily presented. Through this, it was suggested that universities can form an academic foundation for the establishment of a lifelong education support system for the developmental disabled along with the convergence field. In addition, a structural model related to this was presented along with the aspect that universities could develop a curriculum for lifelong education for the developmental disabled according to the school foundation. Also, a composition system was suggested that universities can develop lifelong education curriculum for people with developmental disabilities to lead the cooperation of local related organizations such as welfare centers for the disabled and lifelong education centers for the developmentally disabled. As a result of the study, it was analyzed that leadership in the university-based lifelong education support system for developmental disabled can contribute to fostering professional manpower qualifications and establishing cooperation with local related organizations in an integrated composition system.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2013

Borosilicate glass dissolution is an important chemical process that impacts the glass durability as nuclear waste form that may be used for high-level radioactive waste disposal. Experiments reported that the glass dissolution rates are strongly dependent on the bulk composition. Because some relationship exists between glass composition and molecular-structure distribution (e.g., non-bridging oxygen content of $SiO_4$ unit and averaged coordination number of B), the composition-dependent dissolution rates are attributed to the bulk structural changes corresponding to the compositional variation. We examined Na borosilicate glass structures by performing classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for four different chemical compositions ($xNa_2O{\cdot}B_2O_3{\cdot}ySiO_2$). Our MD simulations demonstrate that glass surfaces have significantly different chemical compositions and structures from the bulk glasses. Because glass surfaces forming an interface with solution are most likely the first dissolution-reaction occurring areas, the current MD result simply that composition-dependent glass dissolution behaviors should be understood by surface structural change upon the chemical composition change.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2012

There is little information about appropriate greenspace structures to satisfy aesthetic function in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean's aesthetic preferences for greenspace structures concerned with urban tree plantings of an areal type to explore desirable greenspace landscapes. The study considered 5 structural variables of greenspace which were species composition, tree density, tree size, vertical and horizontal structure, and tree layout pattern. A photo-questionnaire was prepared through color simulations of different landscape types for each structural variable. Preference responses of an interval-scale rating from 214 respondents were statistically analyzed between landscape types and between respondent groups. Respondents preferred greenspace landscapes with diverse tree species to single species, higher tree density to lower density, larger trees to many smaller trees, multilayered and grouped plantings to single-layered and sparse plantings, and informal pattern to formal pattern. These preferences tended to be relatively higher for educated specialist and student groups than for other generalist group. Thus, multilayered and dense plantings in natural pattern including larger trees of diverse species, which are similar to ecological plantings, are recommended to increase aesthetic function of greenspace.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.63 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2017

The paper concerns concrete carbonation, the phenomena that occurs in every type of climate, especially in urban-industrial areas. In European Standards, including Eurocode (EC) for concrete structures the demanded durability of construction located in the conditions of the carbonation threat is mainly assured by the selection of suitable thickness of reinforcement cover. According to EC0 and EC2, the thickness of the cover in the particular class of exposure depends on the structural class/category and concrete compressive strength class which is determined by cement content and water-cement ratio (thus the quantitative composition) but it is not differentiated for various cements, nor additives (i.e., qualitative composition), nor technological types of concrete. As a consequence the selected thickness of concrete cover is in fact a far estimation - sometimes too exaggerated (too safe or too risky). The paper presents the elaborated "self-terminated carbonation model" that includes abovementioned factors and enables to indicate the maximal possible depth of carbonation. This is possible because presented model is a hyperbolic function of carbonation depth in time (the other models published in the literature use the parabolic function that theoretically assume the infinite increase of carbonation depth value). The paper discusses the presented model in comparison to other models published in the literature, moreover it contains the algorithm of concrete cover design with use of the model as well as an example of calculation of the cover thickness.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2002.07c
• /
• pp.1488-1490
• /
• 2002

The (Bi,Ba,Sr)$TiO_3$[BBST] thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si substrate by RF sputtering method. We investigated the effects of Ar/$O_2$ rates on the structural properties of BBST thin films. Decreasing the $O_2$ rates, the intensity of $BaBi_4Ti_4O_{15}$ and $Bi_4Ti_3O_{12}$ peaks were increased but the $(Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5})TiO_3$ peak was decreased. In the case of BBST thin films deposited with condition of 90/10 (Ar/$O_2$) ratio, the composition of Ba/Sr/Bi was 0.35/0.4/0.25. Also, in the BBST thin films deposited with condition of 80/20(Ar/$O_2$) ratio, the composition of Br,Sr and Ti were relatively uniform. But the component of Bi and Ti were diffused into the Pt layers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.258-259
• /
• 2005

[ $CuInSe_2$ ] thin films were fabricated at various fabrication conditions (substrate temperature, sputtering pressure, BC/RF power, vapor deposition, heat treatment). And structural and electrical properties were measured in order to certify optimum conditions for growth of the ternary compound semiconductor $CuInSe_2$ thin films with stoichiometric composition. $CuInSe_2$ thin film was well made at the heat treatment of 500[$^{\circ}C$] of SLG/Cu/In/Se stacked elemental layer which was prepared by sputter and thermal evaporator, and chemical composition of the thin film was analyzed nearly as the proportion of 1 : 1 : 2. At the same time, carrier concentration, hall mobility and resistivity of the thin films was $1.27\sim9.88\times10^{17}[cm^{-3}]$, $49.95\sim185[cm^2/V{\cdot}s]$ and $10^{-1}\sim10^{-2}[\Omega{\cdot}cm]$, respectively