• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2016

뇌경색으로 입원하여 덱스트란 40을 투여받고 약물유해반응이 발생하여 의약품 부작용 보고서에 의해 보고된 전주예수병원 환자 22명을 대상으로 하였다. 이 연구의 목적은 뇌경색으로 덱스트란 40을 투여받은 환자를 대상으로 덱스트란 40의 약물유해반응과 부작용을 조사 및 보고함으로써 약물유해반응을 줄이기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 덱스트란의 부작용은 저혈압, 오심, 호흡곤란, 전신적인 두드러기, 열이고 과량 투여 시 폐부종을 유발한다. 평균 입원 기간은 20일로 입원환자의 26.8%가 입원기간의 연장을 경험하였고 덱스트란 40의 약물유해반응 발생률은 12.4%였고, 9명(28.1%)이 itching, rash는 7명(21.9%)이었다. 주입초기에, 초회 주사에서 덱스트란 아나필락틱 반응이 나타날 수 있다고 보고되고 있으나 투여 후 4일째에 부작용이 발생한 환자가 4명으로 18.2%에 이른다. 우리나라에는 덱스트란 1이 아직 널리 알려져 있지 않지만 미국 FAD에서는 사용을 권장하고 있으며, 덱스트란 40의 약물유해반응을 줄이기 위해서는 덱스트란 1의 사용을 고려해 볼 필요가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8113-8117
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• 2016

Glehnia littoralis (GL) is widely used as an oriental medicine for cough, fever, stroke and other disease conditions. However, the anti-cancer properties of GL on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells have not been investigated. In order to elucidate anti-cancer properties and underlying cell death mechanisms, MCF-7cells ($5{\times}10^4/well$) were treated with Glehnia littoralis root extract at 0-400 ug/ml. A hot water extract of GL root inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the cell cycle after treatment of MCF-7 cells with increasing concentrations of GL root extract for 24 hours showed significant cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis both revealed that GL root extract significantly increased the expression of p21 and p27 with an accompanying decrease in both CDK4 and cyclin D1. Our reuslts indicated that GL root extract arrested the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in G1 phase through inhibition of CDK4 and cyclin D1 via increased induction of p21 and p27. In summary, the current study showed that GL could serve as a potential source of chemotherapeutic or chemopreventative agents against human breast cancer.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the influencing factors for metabolic syndrome and the annual medical expenditures of metabolic syndrome among public officials. Methods: The National Health Insurance data in 2009 were collected for 364,932 public officials and the heath examination results and annual medical expenditures were analyzed using PASW 18.0 program. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 17.6%, and it was higher in male officials than that of females in all age groups. In men, the influencing factors for metabolic syndrome were: age, family history of stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and obesity. However, in women, health-related behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and exercise did not affect metabolic syndrome. People who had metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher medical expenditures than those without metabolic syndrome. The odds ratios of having the highest quartile in medical expenditures were 1.372 (95% CI 1.252~1.504, p<.001) in women with metabolic syndrome and 1.213 (95% CI: 1.184~1.243, p<.001) in men. Conclusion: The results implied that health-related behaviors were associated with metabolic syndrome, and resulted in higher medical expenditures. In order not only to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome but also reduce medical expenditures, nurses should plan health promotion strategies to educate public officials about healthy life strategies.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.228-240
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the influences of knowledge, self-efficacy, and social support on sick role behavior in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: The participants were 192 patients with coronary artery disease in D city. Data were collected from January 1, 2014 to April 30, 2014 using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 19.0 using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Factors having an influence on sick role behavior were age (70 years old ${\beta}$=.275, p<.001), occupation (Office job ${\beta}$=-.230, p<.001), knowledge (${\beta}$=.204, p<.001), self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.188, p<.001), underlying disease (stroke ${\beta}$=.142, p=.008), and family type (live with their children ${\beta}$=-.128, p=.038). These factors explained 56% of the variance in sick role behavior. Conclusions: More positive knowledge and self-efficacy are needed for the sick role behavior. In addition, results of the study indicated that age, occupation, underlying disease, and family type were very important in predicting health behaviors of patients with coronary artery disease. Thus, it would be necessary to include patients' characteristics in designing an education program for people with coronary artery disease.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2014

The object of this study was to obtain acute toxicity information (single-dose oral toxicity) of Woohwangchungshim-won (WHCSW), a pill type herbal medicine used in Korean Medicine (KM) for treating stroke. In order to obtain the 50% lethal dose (LD50), approximate lethal dosage (ALD) and target organs, WHCSW powders were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body weight.) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (Notification No. 2009-116). The mortality and changes in the body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored for 14 days after single-dose oral administration of WHCSW according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights and histopathological changes were observed in 12 principle organs. After single-dose oral administration of WHCSW, we could not find any mortality and toxicological evidences up to 2,000 mg/kg-administered group, except for some accidental findings and dose-independent increases of body weight gains in female 1,000 and 500 mg/kg-administered female mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of WHCSW in both female and male mice after single-dose oral administration were considered as over 2,000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected up to 2,000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), and can be safely used in clinics.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2013

자동차 수동변속기 내 래틀과 같은 회전체 진동은 엔진 연소폭발 주기와 연동하여 발생한다. 이러한 충격형 진동 특성은 선형 시간 불변 분석법을 적용하여 살펴볼 수 있다. 기어의 동적 특성을 이해하기 위해, 특정 형태의 앞 바퀴 굴림 방식 수동 변속기에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 첫째, 동특성 고유값과 주파수 응답함수를 기반으로 자유도를 줄이는 방법을 제시하였는데, 이는 행렬의 크기를 줄이는 효과적인 역할을 한다. 둘째, 단일 질량 플라이휠과 이중 질량 플라이휠의 동적 특성을 비교하였다. 모빌리티 분석을 기반으로 한 이중 질량 플라이휠의 효과를 검토하였는데, 이로부터 진동에 의해 가진되는 충격을 회피하기 위한 기본 개념을 이해 할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 두 단계 클러치 댐퍼로부터 유효 강성 값을 도출하여 선형 불변형 시스템 모델을 연구하였다. 두 단계의 서로 다른 클러치 강성조합을 이용하여 클러치 댐퍼의 동적특성에 대한 관계를 예측할 수 있다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify a change for family nursing phenomena and satisfaction of clients of vulnerable families in an urban community. Methods: The study subjects were 711 families, randomly selected, who had chronic diseases(arthritis diabetes, stroke, hypertension, mental disease, cancer, dementia) with basic social welfare services from the nation and had disabled persons in an urban community, South Korea. The instruments used were the family nursing phenomena in Korea by ICNP and client satisfaction. Client satisfaction consisted of client satisfaction on home visiting nurses(4 Likert scales) and home visiting services(3 Likert scales). Results: The average visiting number is 3.82. The service number of education and counseling is 3.16, patient and symptom management 3.08, assessment and diagnosis 3.08, test 2.02, medication service 1.71회, dressing 1.01, referral to social welfare institute 1.00회, referral to medical service institute 0.21. In both, pre home visiting and post home visiting, the highest rated phenomenon was the 'lack of social support system' and following that 'deficit of financial management skill and support'. 'lack of family interaction in community', and 'social isolation' 'unhealthy life style' and 'inadequate care management of sick member', in that order. The percentages of phenomena besides 'deficit of financial management skill and support' decreased. The satisfaction level of clients towards the nurses was 3.27 points on a scale of 4, and the nursing services was 2.70 points on a scale of 3. Conclusion: Home visiting nursing services should continue to provide comprehensive healthcare services and support for vulnerable families, in urban communities.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.423-434
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• 2009

In recent years, the urban thermal environment has become worse, such as days on which the temperature goes above $30^{\circ}C$, sultry nights and heat stroke increase, due to the changes in terrestrial cover such as concrete and asphalt and increased anthropogenic heat emission accompanied by artificial structure. The land use type is an important determinant to near-surface air temperature. Due to these reasons we need to understand and improve the urban thermal environment. In this study, the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model(MMS) was applied to the metropolitan of Daegu area in order to investigate the influence of land cover changes and urban modifications increase of Albedo to the surface energy budget on the simulated near-surface air temperature and wind speed. The single urban category in existing 24-category U.S. Geological survey land cover classification used in MM5 was divided into 6 classes to account for heterogeneity of urban land cover. As a result of the numerical simulation intended for the metropolitan of Daegu assumed the increase of Albedo of roofs, buildings, or roads, the increase of Albedo (Cool scenario)can make decrease radiation effect of surface, so that it caused drops in ambient air temperature from 0.2 to 0.3 on the average during the daylight hours and smaller (or near-zero) decrease during the night. The Sensible heat flux and Wind velocity is decreased. Modeling studies suggest that increased surface albedo in urban area can reduce surface and air temperatures near the ground and affect related meteorological parameters such as winds, surface air temperature and sensible heat flux.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.524-534
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• 2013

Gasoline direct injection(GDI) engine has a high thermal efficiency, but it has a problem to increase carbon emissions such as soot and $CO_x$. In this study, the objective is to analyze numerically a problem for adding the hydrogen during the intake stroke so as to reduce the injected amount of gasoline in GDI engines. For selection of the base model, the cylinder pressure of simulation is matched to experimental data. The numerical analysis are carried out by a CFD model with the hydrogen addition of 2%, 3% and 4% on the volume basis. In the case of 3% hydrogen addition, the injected gasoline amount is only changed to match the maximum pressure of simulation to that of the base model for additional study. It is found that the combustion temperature and pressure increase with the hydrogen addition. And NO emission also increases because of the higher combustion temperature. $CO_x$ emissions, however, are reduced due to the decrease of injected gasoline amount. Also, as the injected gasoline amount is reduced for the same hydrogen addition ratio, the gross indicated work is no significant, But NO and $CO_x$ emissions are considerably decreased. On the order hand, $CO_x$ emissions of two cases are more decreased and their gross indicated works are higher obtained than those of the base model.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2009

발사체 추진시스템에서 CC(Combustion Chamber) 산화제 개폐밸브는 액체산소를 연소기로 공급 및 차단함으로써 연소를 개시 및 중단시킬 뿐만 아니라, 정상운영 상태에서는 연소기 내 안정된 연소가 가능하도록 일정한 유량의 액체산소를 공급한다. CC 산화제 개폐밸브 개발과 관련하여, TM(Technology Model)의 극저온 산화제 개폐밸브를 제작하여, 밸브의 정상적인 작동성능을 이미 확인한 바 있다. 반면 TM의 유량계수, Cv가 설계기준 값보다 상당히 작았기 때문에, 차기 개발 단계인 CC 산화제 개폐밸브 EM(Engineering Model)의 설계/제작을 통해 충분히 개선된 Cv 특성을 확보하기 위해 CFD 해석을 수행하였다. CFD 해석 결과, 밸브 출구 각도를 120o로 변경하고, 밸브의 부분적인 크기 증가와 스트록 길이를 증가시킴으로써 EM의 Cv를 상당히 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 유량시험을 통해 측정된 EM의 개선된 Cv는 최소 212로써, 기존 TM의 Cv값인 161보다 32%가량 증가된 것을 확인하였다.