• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.174-177
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• 2020

Multiple studies have established that mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) exhibits reversible diffusion restriction in the white matter, including the splenium. There have been a few previous reports of the change in fractional anisotropy (FA) of MERS cases. Herein, we report the longitudinal changes in axial and radial diffusivity (AD and RD), and FA in a 15-year-old boy patient with MERS. Our case demonstrated that a MERS lesion had a significant drop of AD in the early period and gradual recovery. On the contrary, RD did not show any significant change.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Objectives : We designed this study to investigate difference of heart rate variability(HRV) according to sex, age, acute or chronic phase, category of stroke, national institute of health stroke scale(NIHSS), lesion of stroke. Methods : 64 subjects were recruited from the patients admitted to the department of oriental medicine at East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2010. We compared heart rate(HR), standard deviation of all normal P-P intervals(SDNN), low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF), LF/HF ratio. Results and Conclusions : 1. LF/HF ratio is significantly different between over-70 and below-70 of age. 2. SDNN is significantly different between acute and chronic stroke patients. 3. In sex, category of stroke, national institute of health stroke scale(NIHSS), lesion of stroke, there are no significantly different among the any values of heart rate variability(HRV).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.138-147
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• 1996

Although sensory deficits caused by stroke have been occasionally reported, dysfunctions of discriminative sensation have seldom been studied in patients with strokes. With the use of specifically designed methods, discriminative sensations including texture discrimination and position sense were tested in 67 patients with acute unilateral stroke. Thirty-two age and sex-matched healthy subjects were used as controls. Impaired discriminative sensation was common in patients with unilateral stroke (detected in 57 out of the 67 patients) regardless of the lesion location except for patients with lateral medullary stroke. Proprioceptive discriminative sensation remained intact in all except for three out of 25 patients who were initially diagnosed as having pure motor stroke on the bases of conventional sensory tests. However, tactile discriminative sensation remained intact in only 17 out of 25 patients. Discriminative sensory disturbances are common in patients with unilateral stroke even in those with intact sensory function on routine examination. The subtle disturbances of this sensation may explain, at least in part, the clumsiness of the patients that is not readily explained by conventional neurological tests.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2000

Objective : We studied only patients at the acute stage but existing studies on stroke didn't almost classify the stage. We examined 243 patients admitted to the Woo Suk university oriental medical hospital from January 1998 to December 1999 for 2 years. Methods : We analyzed patients into sex, Sasang constitution, the incidence and lesion according to the stroke types, post and family history, onset time, period to admission and physical treatment from onset, and symptom, blood pressure, cholesterol level and herb medicine at entry. Results : Our study was similar to existing studies in the distribution of sex, age and the lesion of stroke, post and family history, and symptoms at entry. But it differed in the constitution, incidence of cerebral infarction and intracranial hemorrhage, attack time, period to admission and physical treatment from onset day, and the symptoms, blood pressure, cholesterol level and herb medication. In comparison between infarction and hemorrhage patients, there was some difference in the distribution of onset time, but wasn't in the cholesterol level. Conclusions : Our study on the acute stage of stroke was similar to existing studies in the general characteristics. But it showed some differences in the herb medicine at entry. In particular, there were much differences in the blood pressure at entry and the incidence of infarction and hemorrhage. We hoped that stroke patients would be synthetically studied in western and oriental medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

Purpose: In order to examine difference in the activity of potential of spinal neurons and cortical neurons according to muscle contraction type in post stroke hemiplegic subjects and healthy subjects, the present study conducted an experiment as follows. Methods: The subjects in the experimental group were 17 left-side hemiplegic subjects (9 female, 8 male; mean age, 63.41$\pm$9.86 years) with the right hand as the dominant hand selected among post stroke hemiplegic subjects, and 17 age matched healthy control subjects (10 female, 7 male; mean age, 64.12$\pm$12.07 years). Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) were measured using surface electromyography and electroencephalography while concentric and eccentric movements were made alternately. Results: As to the pattern of the activity of MRCP, which indicates the activity of motor cortical neurons, we found that the amplitude is high (p<0.01), the length of excitement is short (p<0.01) and the ascending gradient of amplitude to the peak increases (p<0.05) in post stroke hemiplegic subjects' lesion sites different from healthy subjects. Conclusion: The activity of cortical neurons was no difference in activity according to contraction type was observed in post stroke hemiplegic subjects' lesion sites. This suggests that there is no distinction in the activity of cortical neurons between concentric contraction and eccentric contraction. Accordingly, if post stroke hemiplegic subjects' activity of motor cortex is analyzed by measuring MRCPs, it is considered useful in research on neural plasticity or as a ground of clinical effects in the area of physical therapy for the central nervous system.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.42-50
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• 2001

Objectives : Dysphagia is common and severe problems of acute stroke determining the prognosis of stroke only second to mental change, and results in secondary fatal complications such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, etc. Therefore, we were to investigate the clinical characteristics of dysphagia accompanied by acute ischemic stroke. Methods : We selected subjects through clinical notes retrospectively, whose main problems included dysphagia resulted from acute stroke within 72 hours from onset who were admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of Wonkwang Oriental Medicine Hospital from Jan. 2000 to Apr. 2001. We assessed the severity of dysphagia from admission to discharge using a staging method : stage 0 is normal without dysphagia, stage 1 is nearly normal except for intermittent dysphagia, stage 2 is compensated abnormal swallowing requiring adjusted diets or delayed feeding time, stage 3 is uncompensated abnormal swallowing resulted in weight loss down to 10% of initial and daily aspiration, coughing, and vomiting, stage 4 is uncompensated abnormal swallowing resulting in weight loss beyond 10% and recommended for non-oral feeding, and stage 5 is 100% non-oral feeding by L-tube, or gastrostomy or NPO state. Results : Dysphagia was improved statistically significantly from the mean stage of $3.6{\pm}0.29$ on admission to $1.88{\pm}0.32$ on discharge (P<0.05). On average $7.1{\pm}1.48$ days were required for improving more than one stage level. As patients were older and the stage of dysphagia was worse on admission, severity of dysphagia was more difficult to improve (correlation coefficiency was 0.55 and 0.77 respectively, P<0.05). Aspiration pneumonia was complicated in 13 patients of the total 25 at mean dysphagia stage of $3.36{\pm}0.37$. However, any specific values such as lesion size, lesion site, sex, age, past history and NIH Stroke Scale on admission did not affect it (P>0.05). Conclusion : Clinical course of dysphagia was determined about I week from the onset. Aspiration pneumonia was mainly complicated during oral feeding periods. If there were no improvement of dysphagia over 2-3 weeks, then non-oral feeding such as Levin tube or gastrostomy must be considered.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.110-115
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• 2018

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) indicates high risk for major stroke and is considered a medical emergency. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) enables detection of acute ischemic lesions. The clinical significance of DWI positive lesions in TIA is obscure and its prevalence, clinical features are not established. Therefore, we performed a clinical, etiological and prognostic analysis through a cross-sectional analysis of 235 TIA patients, grouped according to presence of DWI lesion. Clinical features, underlying risk factors for stroke, outcome and rate of recurrence were analyzed. 3 months follow-up of modified Rankin Scales (mRS) were done with telephone survey. DWI positive lesions were present in 14.0% of patients. Etiological factors significantly associated with DWI lesions in TIA patients were male sex (p = 0.038), stroke history (p = 0.012) and atrial fibrillation (p < 0.001). Presence of at least one medium or high risk of cardioembolism from TOAST classification were not associated with lesions when excluding association to atrial fibrillation (p = 0.108). Clinical features showed no significant difference. Whether the patients had lesion-positive DWI was not related to an increase in mRS score during the hospital stay or at the 3-month follow-up after discharge. Future studies should include multi-center samples with large numbers, considering each unique medical environment. Routine acquisition of follow-up DWI for proper evaluation of the tissue-based definition of TIA should also be considered.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in emotion recognition according to general characteristics of stroke patients. Method: The subjects consisted of 38 stroke patients receiving rehabilitation at S Hospital in Busan. Used the eMETT program to assess emotional cognition. Result: The age and duration of disease showed statistically significant differences in emotion recognition ability score, the gender and lesion showed a statistically significant difference in some emotion(p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study it can be seen that the difference in emotion recognition ability in accordance with the general characteristics of the stroke. There will be a variety of future research related to standardized research or interventions targeted at stroke patients and normal controls to be carried out.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the correlation between social participation and interpersonal relationships after stroke. Methods : Scores for the Korean version of the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (K-RNLI) and the Relationship Change Scale (RCS) were determined using a face-to-face test for 98 patients who had a stroke between September 3, 2018, and January 10, 2019. SPSS 22.0 was used for the analysis, and the correlation coefficient between social participation and interpersonal relationships was determined. Results : According to the patients' general characteristics, social participation was related to sex, type of lesion, and affected side, and interpersonal relationships showed a significant difference with respect to the affected side (p<.05). The analysis of social participation and interpersonal relationships of the subjects revealed a high correlation with total score (r=.364; p<.01), and all the items showed correlations except sensitivity (p<.05). Conclusion : Social participation and interpersonal relationships are important factors for reintegrating stroke patients into the community. The results of this study suggest a clinical basis for rehabilitation interventions in stroke patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.125-131
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• 2020

Purpose : Lower extremity orthoses have been used as conservative methods to recover gait of the stroke patients. The purpose of this study is to examine how newly designed pelvic belt orthosis can improve gait ability and dynamic balance of adults with Hemiparesis after stroke. Methods : 22 patients who had hemiparesis after stroke participated in this study. Two groups were randomly created by assigning 10 subjects to the experimental group and the rest of the 12 subjects to the control group. The control group was treated by conventional physical therapy and occupational therapy. Identical therapy protocols were used to treat the experimental group who were assigned to wear the pelvic belt orthosis during post measurement. This study has a group of independent variables including group, gender, age, height, MAS, lesion side, cause and a group of dependent variables including gait speed, cadence, step length, stride length, and dynamic balance. The GAITRite system was used to measure spatial-temporal gain parameters and the balance system SD to measure dynamic balance. The data was analyzed using R version 3.3.1. Random forest, boosting algorithm, and MANOVA test were conducted to determine the effects of independent variables on dependent variables. Results : This study has a group of independent variables including group, gender, age, height, MAS, lesion side, cause and a group of dependent variables including gait speed, cadence, step length, stride length, and dynamic balance. The independent variable "group" has the most important value, which is approximately 25.42 (%IncMSE) representing a value three times greater than the second important predictor "height." Conclusion : As a result of this research, the hypothesis is validated with conclusion that Pelvic Belt orthosis could be effectively used for improving gait ability and balance of the patients with post-stroke hemiparesis.