• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2015

To determine the effect of diabetes on root resorption in periodontitis, we investigated odontoclast formation and root resorption in diabetic rats with periodontitis. Odontoclast formation was observed in three groups of F344 rats: Controls (C) were normal rats without diabetes or periodontitis; the periodontitis (P) group had mandibular first molars to be ligatured; the periodontitis with diabetes (PD) group was intravenously administered streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) to induce diabetes and had mandibular first molars to be ligatured. On days 3, 10, and 20 after ligature, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL) expression, odontoclast formation, and root resorption areas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively. The PD group showed frequent urination, weight loss, and hyperglycemia. Numbers of TNF-${\alpha}$- and RANKL-positive cells were higher in the P and PD groups than in the C group. It was more prevalent in PD group on day 3. Odontoclast formation was greater in the P and PD groups than in the C group on days 3 and 10, then decreased to same level as the C group by day 20. Root resorption in the PD and P groups showed increases on days 3 and 10, respectively, compared to the C group. These results suggest that diabetes may transiently increase root resorption on day 3 with high expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and RANKL after periodontitis induction. This study could aid the understanding of root resorption in diabetic patients with periodontitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2008

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic. Global projections suggest that most nations will have a doubling of the incidence of Diabetes mellitus(DM) within 20years. The Herb-Combined Remedy(HCR) of DM was known as one of anti-hyperglycaemic agents. But it is unclear whether HCR can be used to treat patients with Diabetic nephropathy or not. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-hyperglycaemic and preventive effects from diabetic nephropathy of HCR in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Treatment with HCR regulated blood glucose levels, but did not affect body weights. In addition, HCR was able to decrease blood glucose levels after 120min. Serum BUN levels were not effective but, serum Creatinine levels were lowered by treatment with HCR or MF. In histopathological observation of renal tissue, both HCR and MF groups showed decreased tendency of inflammation and renal injury. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that HCR is effective to treat patients with DM and also has preventive activity on diabetic nephropathy.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus(NRN) on production levels of Blood Glucose and Serum Lipid Levels. Methods : This study is about changes of blood glucose levels, body weights, levels of food and water uptake, levels of total cholesterol in the body, triglyceride, Creatinine, and BUN production by NRN extract. Results : Treatment with NRN regulated blood glucose levels effectively, but treatment with NRN did not affect body weights, food and water uptake. In addition, treating with NRN also lowered levels of total cholesterol, which is important for diabetes, and also lowered levels of triglyceride, too. Serum Creatinine levels were not affected, but serum BUN levels were lowered by treating with NRN, which were elevated in diabetes. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that NRN is effective to treat DM level and also has anti-hyperlipidemic effect.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2016

This study intended to compare the effects of the sugar-Omija extract tea (SO) and LuoHanGuo-Omija extract tea (LO) to blood glucose levels and metabolism among streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and to prove the positive effects of LuoHanGuo extract as a sugar substitute. According to the results, the rate of blood glucose increase and the blood glucose level was reduced, and the weight was increased. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol was decreased, and albumin, total protein, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased in the STZ/LO group as compared to the STZ group. Compared to the STZ/SO group, the rate of blood glucose increase and glucose tolerance was decreased. AST, ALT, and total cholesterol was decreased, and HDL-C level was high. In conclusion, the LO displayed hypoglycemic effect, prevented weight loss caused by diabetes, recovered liver function, and improved lipid metabolism. In addition, such positive effects were obviously shown during comparison with the experimental group treated with the SO. Therefore, the LO were considered as favorable food supplements that can be safely taken by persons with diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and heart disease; they have to control their sugar intake as well as their diet.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2021

Opuntia ficus-indica has traditionally been used in prevention and treatment of various diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The current study was performed to determine whether Opuntia ficus-indica is associated with diabetes. Diabetic rat models were induced with streptozotocin (STZ). This study divided rats into 1 day (short-term) and 4 consecutive weeks (long-terms) of daily administration. These groups were subdivided into four groups each other for assessment of blood glucose level as follows: Group 1, untreated rats given distilled water; Group 2, untreated rats given Opuntia ficus-indica; Group 3, STZ-induced diabetic rats given distilled water; Group 4, STZ-induced diabetic rats given Opuntia ficus-indica. Blood glucose level was measured for one day and four weeks. In addition, serum markers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), cholesterol, and creatinine were determined, and total protein triglycerides were measured at four weeks. Blood glucose level was highest in both groups (Group 3 and Group 4) at 30 minutes and two weeks and gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner. The difference in blood glucose among the four groups was significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of ALT, AST and triglycerides were significantly decreased by Opuntia ficus-indica.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary chungguajang powder on blood glucose level and hepatic activities of antioxidant enzymes in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male ratt ($200{\sim}220g$) of six groups including normal group fed normal diet (N), diabetic group fed normal diet (C), diabetic groups fed chunggugjang powder diet (DC-1%, DC-5%, DC-10%, DC-20%) were used for the experiments. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin as a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight. After 3 weeks the animals were sacrificed and hepatic activities of antioxidant enzymes, serum level of glucose and organ weight were evaluated. Food and water intakes were higher in diabetic groups than normal group. Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were lower in diabetic groups. However, they were higher in chunggugjang diet groups (DC) than normal diet group (C). The serum glucose levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the diabetic groups fed chunggugjang diet (DC-10%, DC-20%) than diabetic group fed normal diet (C). Hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were lower in diabetic groups than normal group and they were significantly lower in diabetic groups fed chunggugjang diet (DC-20%) compared to diabetic rats fed normal diet (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that chunggugjang powder would have antidiabetic and antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2003

Purpose: To observe the histologic changes and clusterin expression in the acinar cells of the submandibular gland in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat following irradiation. Materials and Methods: Mature Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic-irradiated groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting streptozotocin, while the control rats were injected with citrate buffer only. After 5 days, rats in diabetic-irradiated group were irradiated with single absorbed dose of 10 Gy to the head and neck region. The rats were killed at 1, 3, 7, 14,21, and 28 days after irradiation. The specimen including the submandibular gland were sectioned and observed using histologic and immunohistochemical methods. Results : Morphologic change of acinar cells was remarkable in the diabetic group, but was not observed in the diabetic-irradiated group. Necrotic tissues were observed in the diabetic-irradiated group. Coloring of toluidine blue stain was most increased at 14 days in the diabetic group, however there were no significant change throughout the period of the experiment in the diabetic-irradiated group. Expression of clusterin was most significant at 14 days in the diabetic group, but gradually decreased with time after 7 days in the diabetic-irradiated group. Degeneration of clusterin was observed in the diabetic-irradiated group. Conclusion : This experiment suggests that the acinar cells of submandibular gland in rats are physiologically apoptosed by the induction of diabetes, but that the apoptosis is inhibited and the acinar cells necrotized after irradiation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of extract from mixed culture with Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and Cordyceps militaris mycelium in oriental medicine and cereal midium (OCM) considered effective for the treatment of diabetes. Methods : We examined antioxidant activity and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibit activity of OCM and orally administered OCM extracts to Streptozotocin-induced diabetic ratsat the dose of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg body weight. Results : Total polyphenol content of extracts of OCM was 26.41 mg/g, DPPH radical scavenging activity was 32.24% and SOD-like activity was 31.43%. $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibit activity showed 85.3% of acarbose. Blood glucose levels of the OCM extracts-treated groups were lower than those of the diabetic control group (DC), total cholesterol and triglyceride contents were similar to the acarbose-treated group (PC) and ALT, AST were lower than the DC and PC groups. The 300 mg/kg body weight administered group (UM-300) were superior to other OCM-treated groups (UM-100, UM-200). Conclusions : These results showed extract from mixed culture with Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and Cordyceps militaris mycelium in oriental medicine and cereal midium has potentiality to beused in pharmaceutical products and medicinal food for preventive and treatment diabetes mellitus.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2005

Diabetes mellitus is associated with vascular complications, including an impairment of vascular function and alterations in the reactivity of blood vessels to vasoactive substances in various vasculature. In the present study, the authors have observed endothelin-B ($ET_B$) receptor agonist-induced relaxation in precontracted mesenteric arterial segments from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, which was not shown from control rats or in other arterial segments from diabetic rats. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to investigate in what way STZ-induced diabetes altered reactivity of the mesenteric arterial bed and to examine the causal relaxation, if any, between this $ET_B$ receptor-mediated relaxation and endothelial paracrine function, especially nitric oxide (NO) production. The relaxation induced by $ET_B$ agonists was not observed in mesenteric arteries without endothelium. The relaxation to $ET_B$ agonists was completely abolished by pretreatment with BQ788, but not by BQ610. $N_{\omega}-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester and soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitors, methylene blue or LY83583 significantly attenuated the relaxant responses to $ET_B$ agonists, respectively. When the expression of eNOS and iNOS was evaluated on agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide, the expression of eNOS mRNA in diabetic rats was significantly decreased, but the expression of iNOS was increased compared with control rats. Furthermore, the iNOS-like immunostaining was densely detected in the endothelium and slightly in the arterial smooth muscle of diabetic rats, but not in control rats. These observations suggest that $ET_B$ receptor may not play a role in maintaining mesenteric vascular tone in normal situation. However, the alterations in $ET_B$ receptor sensitivity were found in diabetic rats and lead to the $ET_B$ agonist-induced vasorelaxation, which is closely related to NO production. In the state of increased vascular resistance of diabetic mesenteric vascular bed, enhanced NO production by activation of iNOS could lead to compensatory vasorelaxation to modulate adequate perfusion pressure to splanchnic area.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1385-1393
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• 1998

The hypoglycemic effects of butanol(BuOH) fraction of Polygonatum odoratum with vitamin E in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-230g were devided into five groups, and four groups induced diabetes mellitus by the STZ injection(45mg/kg b.w.) into the tail vein : Normal, diabetic-control, and three diabetic experimental groups(p. odoratum group, P. od-vit. E group and Vit. E group). All groups were fed on a AIN-76 diet, and the experimental groups were orally administered with the BuOH fraction of Polygonatum odoratum(500mg/kg b.w.) and vitamin E(10mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days. The body weight, diet intake and organ weights were monitored. The plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were analyzed. The levels of glycogen in liver and muscle, cholesterol in liver were determined. The malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in liver, kidney and lung were assayed. The body weight loss was seen in P. odoratum group, P. od-vit. E group, Vit. E group and diabetic control group, while the loss in P. odoratum group was much less than that in the diabetic control group. The plasma glucose levels were significantly lowered in P. odoratum group compared to diabetic control group. The plasma insulin levels were noticeably higher in P. odoratum and Vit. E groups. The rats in P. odoratum and P. od-vit. E group showed higher liver glycogen levels than in the diabetic control group. The MDA levels in liver, kidney and lung were also significantly reduced in P. od-vit. E and Vit. E groups compared to the diabetic control group. The results suggest that the administration of BuOH fraction of Polygonatum odoratum along with vitamin E reduced blood glucose levels and peroxidative tissue damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats, showing the possibility of preventive and therapeutic use of the wild edible plant to the diabetes mellitus. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1385-1393, 1998)