• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.4 s.76
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of coping with marital conflict and child-rearing stress among mothers of young children. The participants were 166 mothers of children who were between 3 years and 7 years of age, living in the North Kyongsang Province. Paired t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson's correlation and partial correlation analyses were conducted for this study. The results of this study were as follows. (1) In those situations where the participants experienced marital conflict and child-rearing stress, they were more likely to use an avoidance coping strategy than an approach coping strategy. (2) Among the mothers who were experiencing marital conflict or child-rearing stress, the group that suffered a higher level of stress was more likely to employ an avoidance coping strategy. However, there were no differences in the approach coping behavior by the level of stress. (3) When the level of marital conflict and child-rearing stress were controlled, approach coping behavior with marital conflict was still moderately correlated with approach coping behavior with child-rearing stress.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 1991

The present research studied the effectiveness of specific strategy training in memory awareness on children's memory performance. The subjects were 60 children, 30 six-year-olds and 30 eight-year-olds. Free recall scores and use of a rehearsal strategy (exposure durations) based on Belmont & Butterfield (1971) were used to measure children's performance in three memory tasks. All subjects were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: the control group with no training, the chunking and rehearsal strategy training group, and the chunking and rehearsal strategy training combined with memory awareness strategy. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA, three-way ANOVA with repeated measures, and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test. There were significant differences among the three groups both in the free recall score and in the use of the rehearsal strategy. The mnemonic strategic training with memory awareness strategy was the most effective on both free recall and use of rehearsal strategy. The effects of the mnemonic strategy training with memory awareness strategy were more effective for the 8-year-olds than the 6-year-olds.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.94-104
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to identify the relationship between parent and child with chronic illness and developmental disability, and to review the strategy for improvement of their relationship. The effects of chronic illness and developmental disability is that the child has delayed growth and development, and his(her) parent has sadness, guilty feeling, anxiety, grief, disappointment, low self-esteem, anger and resentment. Chronic illness and developmental disability also have a negative effect to the parental marital relationship. The reaction of parent and child varies in age of onset, a developmental transition period, crisis and parent-child relationship. Through this study, I propose that parent-child relationship could be improved by touch, communication between them and education for parents.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.163-175
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• 2004

In this study, 63 university seniors majoring Child Studies were in an 8-week Web Based Instruction (WBI) program. Student characteristics of learning motivation, self-regulatory learning strategy, and learning style (Kolb, 1985) were the independent variables. Learning effects as dependent variables were measured by paper test and work assessment. Spearman's $\rho$ was calculated and tests of rank order difference were used for the data analysis. Results showed that learning motivation and self-regulatory learning strategy had meaningful positive relations with learning effects on the paper test score. Learning effects showed differences by learning style. These findings indicated that the learner's characteristics should be considered in the design and development of more effective WBI environments.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.225-241
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• 2001

This study examines the effect that mathematics teaching efficacy has on teacher's mathematics education practices. Data was obtained from 220 kindergarten teachers who responded to the questionnaire, the mathematics teaching efficacy belief instrument (developed by Enochs). Among these 220 teachers, upper and lower 5 % of the teachers on mathematics teaching efficacy belief were chosen to identify the influence of mathematics teaching efficacy on mathematics activity style, teaching strategy, and teacher-child interaction. The results indicated that teacher's interest in math, previous participation in mathematics teaching method course mainly influenced mathematics teaching self-efficacy. Teachers with high mathematics teaching efficacy belief preferred providing mathematical learning activity than providing other learning areas. They employed effective mathematics teaching strategy such as high and medium cognitive distancing strategy and established positive teacher-child relationship. Implications for teacher education and professional development activities were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between children's private speech during the individual session and maternal scaffolding during mother-child session. Subjects were twenty 3-year-old children and twenty 5-year-old children and their mothers recruited from day-care centers in Seoul. Mother-child interaction was videotaped for 15 minutes and maternal utterances were transcribed for analysis maternal scaffolding. Individual session of child after 3-5days was videotaped for 15 minutes and children's utterance was transcribed. Subcategories of maternal scaffolding were significantly related with children's private speech during individual session. There did appear to be an age difference in this relationship. In verbal strategy for scaffolding that 3-year-old's mother used, other-regulation and control, praise strategy was significantly related with children's private speech. In verbal strategy for scaffolding that 5-year-old's mother used, other-regulation and control, teaching strategy was significantly related with children's private speech. In maternal physical control strategy, withdrawal of mother physical control the maze task over time was significantly related with children's private speech. Withdrawal of mother physical control 5-year-old's physical performance was significantly related with children's private speech.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.65-99
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between child poverty rate and family policy expenditure of welfare states (focusing on OECD countries). We analyzed not only the total social & family policy expenditures but the components of the family policy expenditure. OECD SOCX and calculated data from the LIS & OECD data were utilized for child and family policy expenditures and the poverty rate. One-way correlation and cluster analysis were employed for the analysis. The analytic results are as follows: Southern European and Anglo-Saxon countries' child poverty rates were higher and Scandinavian countries' child poverty rates were lower than any other clusters. The countries with high child poverty rate had higher child poverty rate than the entire nation's poverty rate, but Scandinavian countries' child poverty rate was lower. There was a strong correlation between family policy expenditure and child poverty rate. Especially the service expenditure and leave benefit expenditure were highly correlated with child poverty rate. On the other hand, cash expenditure was not significantly correlated with child poverty rate. We can suggest the policy implications from these results. Based on the analytic results, policy implications that the government should increase the family policy budget, especially the budget for family services and leave benefit to decrease child poverty rate and should make effort to support the employment of parents through policies such as active labor market strategies can be suggested.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.3 s.87
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• pp.59-75
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• 2007

This study investigates the effects of parent-adolescent communication, adolescent self-esteem, and strategies in peer conflict situations on the satisfaction of adolescents with their peer relationships. The subjects included students attending a girls' and a boys' middle school in Gongju City. Random sampling was used to pick a class from each of the three grades in the schools. 233 students, who's both parents were living, were used in the final analysis in an effort to examine the impacts of student communication with parents on student satisfaction with their friends. The findings were as follows: the subjects most often used the yielding type of conflict-resolving strategy, followed by the cooperating, compromising, dominating, and avoiding strategy-type. The girls showed a higher level of parent-child communication than the boys. Girls had high self-esteem and mostly adopted the cooperating type of conflict-resolving strategies, followed by the yielding, compromising, dominating and avoiding strategy-type. The boys mostly employed the yielding strategy type followed by the cooperating, compromising, dominating, and avoiding strategy-types. The results indicate that the satisfaction level with friends was high among those who used the avoiding strategy-type less and yielding strategy-type more. Girls were found to have high self-esteem and engaged in communication with their parents. The compromising, cooperating, and dominating types of conflict-resolving strategies did not exercise significant influences on their satisfaction with friends.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Analysis of the data concerning 525 middle and high school students showed that positive affect correlated positively with cognitive reappraisal strategy and with self-control but correlated negatively with expressive suppression strategy. Negative affect correlated positively with expressive suppression strategy and negatively with self-control. The group of higher positive and higher negative affect was higher than the group of lower positive and lower negative affect in cognitive reappraisal strategy. The group of higher positive and higher negative affect was higher than the group of higher positive and lower negative affect in expressive suppression strategy. The group of higher positive and lower negative affect was higher than the group of higher positive and higher negative affect in self-control.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the goal and strategy differences in the Social Problem Solving (SPS) according to ages and interaction targets of children. The subjects were 48 children between the ages of 3, 4 and 5 years. Their SPS behavior was observed as it occurred naturally in free play interactions. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range, repeated measures, and t-test. The results showed that there were significant goal and strategy differences in SPS behavior according to age and interaction targets of children.