• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.264-287
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• 2004

The minimum royalty should have two objectives. One is to guarantee the minimum license payment and the other is to screen the eligible licensee to prevent the licensee`s strategic behavior. In the licensing contract for public-to-private technology transfer, the latter plays more important role than the former in viewpoint of the successful technology transfer and commercialization. However, the minimum royalty falls into a dilemma to increasing the risk on the part of licensee in case of failure in technology transfer and commercialization. In our study, ex-post option contract will be suggested as a risk sharing mechanism to overcome above dilemma. The ex-post option contract means the contract which the licensee has the option whether to go or not at the time of manufacturing stage. To proof the usefulness of ex-post option contract, it is shown in the study that expected utility of a licensor and a licensee can increase with a certain constraint, which depends on degree of uncertainty and licensee`s risk aversion, after introducing the ex-post option contract. In spite of this constraint, the usefulness of ex-post option contract may be highly appreciated because its constraint is quite normal case in the real world.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.62-74
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• 2003

Information security becomes a critical attribute to corporate information systems as increased strategic an operational reliance on information systems. Current proliferation of password requires more attention on information security because its nature of external connection with password user makes information systems more vulnerable from various threats are an important element of information systems management. This study focused on two issues : (1) the relationships between risk management factors(asset, threat, vulnerability) and risk level affected by threat, (2) the relationships between risk level and key password characteristics(length, composition, lifetime, selection method).

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2019

Natural disasters and transient resource extraction cause new environmental problems and the waste of resources has also become a big problem. Because these kinds of environmental damage and pollution are harmful to human beings, the problem of environmental protection has become a global issue. In this situation, most consumers prefer Eco-Friendly products that benefit their health and can reduce environmental pollution as well. Businesses also try to develop marketing strategies that position products focused on the environment. At this point, the study has categorized extrinsic properties of Eco-Friendly products into brand images, the reliability of Eco-marks, advertisement views, and researches how the properties have effects on the perceived values and perceived risk in the process of consuming and how the perceived values and perceived risk have implications for purchasing intention. The consumer's perceived values are classified into emotional, social and Eco-friendly values. On the research of existing Chinese consumers or organic milk products, this study explains how the Chinese consumers make an assessment of the extrinsic property of Eco-Friendly products in the Chinese market and provide strategic implications to the Chinese market entrants.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.3-9
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• 2021

In Korea, base metals such as lead, zinc, copper, tin, nickel, and aluminum have a polarized supply and demand structure. Despite the presence of world-class producers of lead, zinc, and copper, and their production is insufficient. And there are no domestic producers of tin, nickel, and aluminum, Thus, most of the domestic demand is dependent on imports. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare for the risk of supply interruption, such as the disruption of the import of base metals or interruption of domestic production. In this study, we estimated the quantity required to respond to the risk of import disruption, the quantity to which the market can respond, and the quantity to which the government needs to respond for six base metals (copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, nickel, and tin).

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.79-95
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of perceived risk and brand attitude on licensing brands comparing with non-licensed brands(virtual brand). Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire in quasi-experimental design setting. I designed the experimental setting that there were two virtual companies to sell the luxury bags(symbolic goods) or cruise tour(experiential goods) and to launch their goods with own brand or licensed brand. The experimental groups were composed of women consumers who were familiar with consuming experiential goods and symbolic goods. Results from the experiment suggest that consumer's perceived risk on brands gives a negative impact on brand attitude. And congruence in goods types and licensed brand values leads to difference in the level of perceived risk. In experiential goods, brand licensing from famous and experiential brands can reduce perceived risk. But in symbolic goods, brand licensing effect which reduces the perceived risk is less effective than in experiential goods. This findings suggest that brand licensing may lower the level of consumer's perceived risk, but incongruity in goods type and brand value may result in strategic failure.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-66
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• 2012

The paper analyzes the effect of expected future demand on the investment decisions of multinational enterprises. In particular, I explore the issue of the timing of switching between exporting and FDI in the host developing country and explicitly incorporate the firm's attitude toward risk in the model. The model demonstrates that the optimal time for switching to FDI depends on the expected future demand and the degree of its uncertainty.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.581-592
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• 2019

This study investigates the factors that stimulate or suppress the use of food delivery applications. As potential antecedent factors, the present research examined the review diagnosticity, descriptive norms, and multidimensional risk perception. Based on this, users' data were collected from major metropolitan cities where the food delivery application business is most active. The results of structural equation modeling confirmed that users' approach to food delivery apps becomes more favorable when the review diagnosticity and descriptive norms were improved and when the perceived multidimensional risk expected to be associated with app use is mitigated. Additionally, we found that the positive influence of these attitudes on the actual intention to accept delivery applications became weaker at higher levels of perceived risk. These empirical results may contribute to the formation of strategic and systematic guidelines for promoting the expansion of the recently emerging O2O service platform across diverse sectors. Namely, the significance of this study lies in that it has raised awareness regarding the strategic considerations that such new O2O service providers should take into account for their market positions, in addition to discovering factors that could aid the prompt expansion of the applications' user base.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.8
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• pp.183-206
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• 2001

The purpose of this thesis is to find out mediational role of risk about the repurchasing intention of hotel services. The result of this study can provide some directives for the strategic marketing implementation in the hotel industry. The results of the analysis are as follows: 1. To study the effect of perceived service quality on the repurchasing intention of customers, multi regression analysis was executed and, in the personnel service as well as in the physical service, it showed a plus (+) effect on the result. 2. To study the effect of perceived service quality on the perceived risk, multi regression analysis was executed and, in the part of performance risk and socio-psychological risk of the personnel service, it showed a negative(-) effect on the result; however, in the physical service, it doesn't give any statistical meaningful influence on the result. And, on the physical risk, those two service quality showed a negative(-) effect in the meaningful level. 3. To study the effect of perceived Risk on the repurchasing intention of customers, a multi regression analysis was also executed and, in the parts of all risks of performance, socio-psychological and physical, it showed a negative(-) effect on the result in the meaningful level.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.299-312
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• 2021

Purpose: We provide a condition-based maintenance policy where a surrogate variable is used for monitoring system performance. We constructed a risk function by taking into account the risk and losses accompanied with erroneous decisions. Methods: Assuming a unique degradation process for the performance variable and its specific relationship with the surrogate variable, the maintenance policy is determined. A risk function is developed on the basis of producer's and consumer's risks accompanied with each decision. With a strategic safety factor considered, the optimal threshold value for the surrogate variable is determined based on the risk function. Results: The condition-based maintenance is analyzed from the point of risk. With an assumed safety consideration, the optimal threshold value of the surrogate variable is provided for taking a maintenance action. The optimal solution cannot be obtained in a closed form. An illustrative numerical example and solution is provided with a source code of R program. Conclusion: The study can be applied to situation where a sensor signal is issued if the system performance begins to degrade gradually and reaches eventually its functional failure. The study can be extended to the case where two or more performance variables are connected to a same surrogate variable. Also estimation of the distribution parameters and risk coefficients should be further studied.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.565-570
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• 2007

With e-commerce becoming international, understanding the effects of national culture in consumer acceptance of e-commerce is required. This study examines consumer e-commerce acceptance in Korea and China. The research model consisting of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust and perceived risk was proposed, and the hypotheses based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, were established. The results show that perceived usefulness contributes less to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in China than it does in Korea. In addition, perceived ease of use contributes more to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in China. Trust contributes significantly to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in both countries, but perceived risk didn't influence consumer acceptance of e-commerce in either country. The contribution of this study is to provide strategic insights for successfully managing cross-cultural e-commerce.