• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.5025-5030
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to clarify how distance from place of residence to the nearest specialist cancer hospital affects the survival of lung cancer patients and the treatment received. For all patients diagnosed with lung cancer in the Aomori cancer registry database for the period from 2009 to 2011 (n=3,986). The distance to the treating hospital was measured as the straight line from a person's place of residence, and compared with findings from the Ederer II method for calculating relative survival. Information on treatments given was obtained by data extraction. We defined a hospital having respiratory medicine as specialist, while all private hospitals and clinics were included in the general category. Patients attending specialist hospitals numbered 2,548 (67.0%), and those treated at general institutions were 1,255 (33.0%). The patients who had the lowest relative survival with localized lesions lived <20 km from general hospitals and clinics. With more advanced stages, relative survival of those living <20 km from a specialist hospital was the lowest. Although the survival rate was not affected by the distance between place of residence and hospital, even when patients are diagnosed at a localized stage at a general hospital or clinic within 20 km from their home, they did survive longer in comparison with patients diagnosed at a specialist hospital.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.45-57
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• 2012

The street trees in the urban areas provide an comfortable environment to the pedestrians and drivers and play important roles to absorb the carbons. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire and manage efficiently the location, height, and crown width of street trees. This study suggests a methodology to provide quantitative information of the street trees in urban areas including the quantity, location, height, and crown width of the trees. Therefore, it is more appropriate to add functionality of changing size of the crown width of the trees in the method. In addition, the positions of the street trees were selected using the fact that street trees are generally planted along the road in a straight line. An experiment on extracting street trees was conducted in parts of Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do and the suitability of the suggested methodology was evaluated by comparing the results to a 1/1,000 digital map. Through the experimental results, the minimum, maximum, and the root mean square errors of the position of street trees were 0.5m, 1.9m, and approximately ${\pm}0.4m$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 1993

This is to investigate the methodology for the simultaneous determination of Wk, mk and TSNA using gas chromatography(GC) in combination with chemiluminescence detector, thermal energy analyzer(TEA) . The simultaneous analysis has been estimated by evaluating tobacco. The TEA was linked to GC equipped with non -polar SPB -5 fused silica capillary column which was introduced into the ceramic pyrolysis tube by the point of 16cm from the end of TEA. Quantification was carried out by internal standardization with WDPA after calibration of retention times and response factors with authentic nitrosoamines. It was demonstrated that WDPA was most preferable as internal standard for the simultaneous analysis. The recoveries of the internal standard were in the range of 83∼96% . Nitrosoamines in this method were detected with determination limit of 0.1ng and was made by a straight line in calibration curve by TEA response. The suitability of nitrosoamines extraction in tobacco leaf was investigated. It was most suitable to extract nitrosoamines from tobacco leaves with 0.01 M NaOH within a period of 8 hours. Thimerosal as an antibacterial agent was added to NaOH solution to prevent artifactual formation. The fractionation and the purification of nitrosoamines form alkaline extracts were conveniently performed using Extrelut multilayer column and dichloromethane. Reproducible and reliable results were obtained for the determination of nitrosamines in a relatively short time compared to previous known method. TSNA contents in burley were about 4 times higher as those in the fluecured tobacco.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2020

The paper proposed the method of calculating the latest approach angle that can reliably recognize multiple laser images even with the change in separation distance between screen and laser launch device. This method recognizes the angle of the laser pattern angle by using the distance of the laser pattern angle, and the angle extraction of the laser detects the laser image from the acquired image using the labeling algorithm, and performs the huff conversion to extract the angle of the straight line. The distance of the reference angle and angle of the laser image extracted using Euclidean distance among similarity scales is calculated, and the furnace is recognized using the calculated distance result value. Experiments with changing the separation distance to "200 cm to 400 cm" showed 100% recognition of individual strands at all separation distances. The experiment confirmed the reliability of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2012

Street trees are one of useful urban facilities that reduce carbon dioxide and provide green space in urban areas. They are usually managed by local government, and it is effective to use aerial LIDAR data in order to acquire information such as the location, height and crown width of street tree systematically. In this research, algorithm was proposed that improves the accuracy of extracting top points of street trees and separates the region of individual street trees from aerial LIDAR data. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, a simulated aerial LIDAR data that exactly knows the number, height and crown width of street trees was created. As for the procedure of data processing, filtering that separates ground and non-ground points from LIDAR data was first conducted in order to separate the region of individual street trees. An estimated non-street tree points were then removed from non-ground points, and the top points of street trees were estimated. Region of individual street trees was determined by using the intersecting point of straight line that connects top point and ground point of street tree. Through the experiment by using simulated data, it was possible to refine wrongly estimated points occurred by determining tree tops and to determine the positional information, height, crown width of street trees through the determination of region of street trees.