• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.226-232
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• 1982

The incubation study of the phosphate Fertilizer Index (P.F.I) fertilizer recommandation method combining two factors-retention capacity of phosphate and available soil phosphate was conducted to test the applicability on both upland and paddy soils. The relationship between added P and the square root of the $NH_4OAc-P$ (for upland) or Bray No.1-P (for paddy) was a straight line for most of soils but was not straight for some soils which are low in phosphate absorption coefficient (P.A.C) However, the relationship between the value of the slop (termed as P.F.I) and the phosphate absorption coefficient was not showed a good correlation. The P.F.I was highly correlated with extractable Al on upland soils. The effect of extractable Al on P.F.I is more pronounced on newly reclaimed soil than cultivated upland. In case of paddy soils the P.F.I showed a high correlation with active iron contents. Also, P.F.I method was compared to NPK field trial on paddy soils to eximaine the applicability of the method in determining phosphate fertilizer recommandation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 1990

Effect of a trial compound fertilizer for raising rice seedling in tray, was tested on varieties of Chucheongbyeo and Taebekbyeo and on soil media pH of 6.4 and 5.4. The trial product increased dry weight, number of leaves, and ratio of dry weight to plant height and decreased damping-off incidence. The soil media pH of 6.4. applied trial product, maintained pH 4.0 to 5.4 for seedling period, but the soil media pH of 5.4 was too lower. The nitrogen uptake by rice seedling in the trial product plot was lower at 15 days after seeding compared to the control of straight fertilizer application, but it was higher and 35 days after seeding, resulting in optimum rice seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 1991

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five newly developed slow-release compound fertilizer varying urea/formaldehyde mole ratios on chinese cabbage against the checked plot of straight fertilizer. The chinese cabbage was obtained the highest yield in the product V which was 1.0 mole ratio of urea/formaldehyde adding with 6.7% urea resin, however, it was lowest in the product VII which the lowest mole ratio of urea/formaldehyde and the highest amount of the resin added. The appropriate product with one basal application for chinese cabbage should be one with 76.1 % of T-N dissolution in water after 24hrs and 71.7 % of T-N dissolution in soil 100 days after treatment. The total nitrogen content of the harvest plant in the product plot was lower compared to the checked plot of N P K and the available soil phosphrous after harvest was higher than that of the checked.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.175-194
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• 1979

The soil organic matter contents in arable land are generally low in Korea. Thus it is generally agreed that the application of organic materials to soils would be much beneficial. Present paper is a review on the effectiveness of organic mat ter application in uplands and lowlands. 1. The effect of organic matter application in uplands are of more clear and simple to explain as compared to that in lowlands. In uplands, appropriate application of organic matters such as compost and various crops residues improves the physical properties of soils leasing to increased water holding capacity, better aeration, and decrease in soil erosion. 2. In lowland, rice soils under water logged conditions the effect of organic matter application on rice yield is not straight borward and demands more refined knowledges for the interpretation of it. 3. It is found that the application of compost in rice soils is more effective when nitrogen fertilizer application is limited it dicating that nitrogen contained in the organic maerials can become available to rice plant and plays an important role for increased yield of rice under the condition where nitrogen fertilizer supply is limited. 4. Application of organic matter does not always bring about the desirable effects. Very often the organic matter application results in more intensive soil reduction leading to the accumulation of harmful substances which would can cancel out the positive effects of organic matter. This is partiunlarly true in poorly drained soils. 5. Rice straw or compost, when applied rice soils, supply sizeable amounts of available silicate to rice plant resulting in yield increase. 6. Although the effectiveness of organic matter application on rice yield in short term experiments is not consistent due to many reasons, the long term effect of organic matter is significant. 7. The term of the $O.M/SiO_2$ ratio in rice soils can serve as a criterion for the judgement of whether organic matter or silicate fertilizer is needed to be applied in a certain soil.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

Compound fertilizer contained slow release nitrogen was used at golf course management because of promoting turfgrass growth and decreasing fertilizing labor. But, it was hardly published about turf grass growth by its effect and form like isobutylidene diurea(IBDU) and methylene urea(MU) in golf course management of Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of compound fertilizer contained slow release nitrogen such as IBDU and MU on creeping bentgrasss and the change in nitrogen in the root zone after application of fertilizers at AM turfgrass research institute with soil analysis, chlorophyll content index, leaf area index and dry weight during 5 months from July to december in 2007 year. Fertilizer treatments were designed as following; non-fertilizer(NF), straight fertilizer(CF), treatment 1(MU), treatment 2(IBDU 1), and treatment 3(IBDU 2). The every treatments were arranged a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results obtained were summarized as follows: As relative to time after N fertilizers application, ammonium and nitrate in soil were increased, but T-N was decrease. $NO_3$-N and T-N content of slow release fertilizer(SRF), the treatment MU, IBDU 1 and IBDU 2, in soil was higher than that of CF, and the change of ratio of available N and T-N by elapsed time after fertilizing SRFs and CF was higher about 5% in root zone of SF to l5days, but in root zone of SRF from 30days about $5{\sim}10%$. Compared with NF, the turf color index was increased 6.5%, 6.7%, 5.9% and 5.5%, respectively, the chlorophyll content 33.2%, 38.4%, 35.1% and 37.1%, the dry weight 76.2%, 77.7%, 69.5 and 72.3% and shoot number 28%, 52%, 56% and 51%. The chlorophyll content index of MD, IBDU 1 and IBDU 2 was increased $2.6{\sim}5.2%$ than that of CF, shoot number $18{\sim}22%$ but turf color index and dry weight was analogous to that of CF. These results showed that the SRF application was supplied nitrogen for a long time in root zone by increasing an available nitrogen, and so bring turf growth such as chlorophyll content and shoot number in creeping bentgrass.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1978

In order to compare the effectiveness of different phosphorus forms (pulverized as regranulized) and formulars (compound fertilizers) of fused phosphate and to compare the effectiveness of boron from different forms (straight borax, granulized with fused phosphate and included in compound fertilizer), a field experiment was conducted on a relatively fertile upland soil using soybean as a test crop. Results are summarized as following. 1. Yield of soybean was significantly higher in the plots fertilized with P when compared to check plot (no p). However, no significant differences were observed among the different forms or formulars of fused phosphate, indicating that the regranulization or formulation of compound fertilizer did not influence the effectiveness of phosphorus. 2. The application of boron, regardless of its formular, brought about higher B content in plant tissue and higher grain yield. There was a tendency that boron contained in ragranulized fused phosphate was more effective than straight borax. The results also indicated that when boron is to be included in NPK compound fertilizer, its content should be at the least 1.5% as $B_2O_3$. 3. The effectiveness of boron appeared as increased number of pod, higher B, and Ca contents in plant and the amounts of uptake of these elements by soybean. 4. The analysis of soil after the experiment indicated that different forms or formulars of fused phosphate were similarly effective in increasing the available P, Ca, and Mg contents in the soil. 5. Slight increase in available B contents in the experimental plot soils applied with boron fertilizer was observed after the trial.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of compound fertilizer contained slow release nitrogen such as isobutylidene diurea(IBDU) and methylene urea(MU) on kentucky bluegrasss and the change of nitrogen in the root zone after supplying these at AM turfgrass research institute with soil analysis, chlorophyll content index, leaf area index and dry weight during 6 months from July to December in 2007 year. Fertilizer treatments were designed as following; non-fertilizer(NF), straight fertilizer(CF), methylene urea(MU), isobutylidene diurea(IBDU). The every treatments were arranged a randomized complete block with three replications. Results obtained were summarized as follows: As relative to time after N fertilizers application, ammonium and nitrate in soil were increased, but T-N was decrease. The change of ratio of available Nand T-N by elapsed time after fertilizing was decreased in CF from 30days but increased until 45days. Compared with NF, the turf color index in CF, MU and IBDU was increased 1.5%, 2.5% and 2.3%, respectively, the chlorophyll content 16%, 25% and 26%, the dry weight 31%, 62% and 46% and shoot number 104%, 185% and 148%. The chlorophyll content index of MU and IBDU was increased 7.5% and 8.8% than that of CF, shoot number 40% and 22%, and dry weight 24% and 12% but turf color index was similar to that of CF. These results showed that the MU and IBDU application was supplied nitrogen for a long time in root zone by increasing an available nitrogen, and so promote turf grass growth such as chlorophyll content and shoot number in kentucky bluegrass.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1987

This field experiment was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of magnesium- and boronenriched complex fertilizer ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O-MgO-B_2O_3$ : 8-25-7-3-0.2) compared with some straight fertilizers on the hilly pasture establishment. This second part was concerned with the changes in the forage yields, yield components, botanical and chemical compositions in a mixed grassclover sward (orchardgrass, tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and ladino clover). The results from a two-year experiment are summarized as follows: 1. Dry matter yields of whole mixed forages were significantly reduced in control by 54.5% and the NK-plot ($P_o$ by 35.0%, compared with the normal NPK-plots. 2. The yields of oversown grasses were significantly reduced in control by 79.7% and the NKplot ($P_o$) by 52.196, compared with the normal NPK applications. At the normal NPK applications, the oversown grasses were lowest in the yields when provided with double superphosphate with no significant differences. The yields of weeds were not significantly influenced by the treatments. 3. The significant differences in the legume yields (relative yield, %) were laid in the follow. ing increasing order; complex fertilizer (178.5%) > NPK-fused superphosphate (139.5%) > NPK-double superphosphate (100.0%) = control > NK (51.1%). The legume yield was much more depressed in the NK-plot ($P_o$) than in control ($N_oP_oK_o$). 4. The rate of oversown grasses and whole forages were increased by the normal NPK applications, showing little difference among the kinds of fertilizers. It was recognized that the application of complex fertilizer contributed to the increasing of legume rate in the mixed sward. This contribution turned out to be due to the rather enhanced performance and yield-increase of legume, compared with the straight fertilizers. 5. With the NK-treatment ($P_o$) the P concentration in mixed forages dropped below the critical level (0.2%). The Mg concentrations in mixed forages were lower in all the plots than the critical level (0.2%). Therefore, a sufficient amount of Mg was desirably to be applied It is recommended that, in relation to its effectiveness and simplification of fertilizer application, the application of this complex fertilizer for pasture establishment be carried out. The change of the constituent ratio of complex fertilizer to the standard of "8 - 15-20 - 7 - 5-10 - 0.2" considering the need of sufficient Mg supply and the continuous accumulation of P in the top-surface soil is possibly recommended.commended.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 1988

An ordinary paddy variety Hwaseong and a high-yielding variety Samgang were taken under investigation to test the effect of top dressing of newly formulated three compound fertilizers on rice plants for at sprouting heads. The fertilizer formulate used were C. F. I (14-0-14; $NO_3-N$ and $NH_4-N$) and C. F. II (14-0-14; $NH_4-N$ only) and C. F. III (14-0-14 + OM 10%; $NO_3-N$ and $NH_4-N$). A field experiment was conducted on a plot of Gyuam series. The following results were obtained: 1. Effects of compound fertilizers at sprouting heads a. Hwaseong variety exhibited 5-10% yielding increases on the plots with application of 2nd compound fertilizer (I) and (II) compared to straight fertilizer of (I) and (III). Fertilization with 2nd and 3rd compound fertilizers gave the best result when they are done 15 days before heading. A yield increase of 3-5% was achieved when the fertilization was done 20 days before heading in the case of Samgang variety, but no beneficial effect was observed with an application 10 days before heading. b. Rate of barren grains was at the minimum in the compound fertilizer (II) plots of both Hwaseong and Samgang varieties. c. Content of $NO_3-N$ in soils and grain yield appeared to be positively correlated($r=0.618^*$) 2. Effects of heading fertilizers on artificially reduced conditions of soil a. No significant difference in Eh values were measured among reduced paddy soils. The compound fertilizer of (II) presented the best result in yield increases regardless of rice variety. b. Rate of barren grains in both varieties was observed at the minimum on the application of compound fertilizer of (II). c. No great difference of mineral contents was detected among plants from different treatments.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.394-400
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to determine the safety and feasibility of using compost-promoting-bacteria. Compost-promoting-bacteria was isolated from livestock compost containing sawdust. The isolated bacteria was identified as Bacillus subtilis LYH201 by the method of the composition of the fatty acid with MIDI system and Bergey's manual. This Bacillus subtilis LYH201 had the following characteristics : Gram-positive, straight rod ($0.5{\sim}0.7{\mu}m$ width, $2.5{\sim}3.0{\mu}m$ length), facultatively aerobic and product of xylanase, CMCase, catalase, oxidase, protease and $0.5{\sim}0.7{\mu}m$-amylase. Growth of Bacillus subtilis LYH201 at saccharose as carbon source(0.5%) was faster than other carbon source. Activity of cellulase. $0.5{\sim}0.7{\mu}m$-amylase and protease from Bacillus subtilis LYH201 after 24 hours at $50^{\circ}C$ by agar diffusion method was higher than that of low temperature. Optimum growth condition of Bacillus subtilis LYH201 was $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.