• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.816-833
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• 1999

스타일 정보를 중심으로 하는 기존의 워드 프로세서의 출력 문서들을 차세대 인터넷 문서인 XML문서방식에 따라서 표기하고 또한 제목, 초록, 장 및 단락 등과 같은 논리적인 구조를 반영할 수 있도록 구조화함으로써 문서들의 상호교환뿐만 아니라 인터넷에서 유효하게 사용할 수가 있다. 본 논문에서는 스타일 또는 표현 속성 중심으로 하는 다양한 문서의 평면 구조를 XML의 계층적인 논리적인 구조로, 또한 다양한 DTD(Document Type Definition)환경하에서 변경시킬 수가 있는 변환 스크립트 언어를 표현할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 XTML(XML Transformation Markup Language)을 DTD형식으로 정의하고 이를 이용하여 변환 스크립트를 작성하였으며 자동태깅에 적용하여 보았다.XTML은 그 인스턴스에 해당하는 변환 알고리즘의 효과적인 수행을 위하여 즉 기존의 XML문서를 효과적으로 다루기 위하여 문서를 GROVE라는 트리 구조로 만들어 저장하고 또한 이를 조작할 수 있는 기능 및 다양한 명령어 인터페이스를 제공하였다. Abstract Output documents of existing word processors based on style informations or presentation attributes can be structured by converting them into XML(Extensible Markup Language) documents based on hierarchically logical structures such as title, abstract, chapter and so on. If so, it can be very useful to interchange and manipulate documents under Internet environment. The conversion need the complicate process calling auto-tagging by which elements of output documents can be inferred from style informations and sequences of text etc, and which is different from various kinds of simple conversion.In this paper, we defined XTML(XML Transformation Markup Language) of DTD(Document Type Definition) form and also defined the script language as instances of its DTD for the auto-tagging. XTML and its DTD are represented in XML syntax.Especially XTML includes various functions and commands to generate tree structure named as "GROVE" and also to process, store and manipulate the GROVE in order to process efficiently XML documents.documents.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 2024

To create dynamic and bustling urban environments, a diverse array of commercial facilities is indispensable. These facilities are recognised as pivotal in attracting and accommodating a larger floating population, thereby suggesting that a greater diversity of commercial establishments fosters heightened consumer expenditure. With this premise, our study endeavours to explore the influence of commercial facility diversity on the Consumer Centre Index. Focused on the temporal context of 2021 and the spatial context of Seoul, our analysis utilizes the Consumer Centre Index, derived from Kernel Density analysis, as the dependent variable. Independent variables encompass factors reflecting commercial attributes and urban characteristics. Employing spatial regression analysis at the administrative district level, we discern that the clustering of similar industries exerts a more pronounced positive effect on consumer activation compared to the clustering of disparate industries. Additionally, the findings underscore the importance of concentrating industries that bolster consumer activation. Anticipated outcomes of this study include insights beneficial for optimizing commercial facility location policies within the consumer market.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2011

Since a distribution market was opened in 1993 after the conclusion of the Uruguay Round (UR), various new businesses emerged in the Korean retail industry, such as convenience shops, supermarkets, specialty stores, non-store marketing methods, and cyber shopping malls, in addition to traditional markets and department stores. Competition among these retail businesses has intensified. According to the National Statistical Office (NSO), the growth rate of the total retail industry has shown a 32% increase in the past 5 years. While department stores, supermarkets, specialty stores, and other non-store retailing venues have shown signs of stagnation at a growth rate of 20-30%, which is similar to the growth rate of the entire retail industry, convenience shops and non-store marketing have shown 60-70% growth over the same period. By comparison, the growth rate of cyber shopping malls has nearly tripled. When applying development aspects of retail businesses through the competition to the retail life cycle, mom-and-pop stores and traditional markets have already entered the decline phase as specialty stores reach their maturity phase and demonstrate their limit of growth. Department stores are now in the latter part of the growth phase, which is still considered to have some growth potential. Big super markets are still in the early part of their growth stage although they were introduced 20 years ago. Meanwhile, retail businesses such as convenience stores, supermarkets, mail order houses, and warehouse stores are entering the middle growth phase and are expected to continue with their quantitative growth. At a time when most retail businesses in Korea are in a state of development or in the full growth stage, what kind of new innovative retailing will appear and develop? Moreover, what growth engine will drive it? This study analyzes the appearance of innovative retailing and its development process by establishing a discussable consumer's choice model through the interlocking mutual behavior of differentiated competitiveness and consumers' choice based on an awareness of this issue. The analysis of the results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, if a new vacuum zone emerges at the retail market level, innovative retailing such as low price/low service or high price/high service will emerge simultaneously. Second, if the number of new businesses in the vacuum zone increases, this will create competitiveness among the businesses, and each retailer will develop raising of level. Third, if a new business that raises the level develops, competition between the new and the existing retailer will occur, and an assimilation process between the existing retailing and the new retailing will be unfolded. Fourth, each retailing will promote distribution innovations in order to break the frontier of the existing distribution technology, and other retailing will follow the innovator. On the basis of an analysis of the abovementioned results, this study presents the following three suggestions. First, responding to the consumer's decision-making process on the attributes of retail shops that promote differentiation in strategies, this study established a consumer's choice model that can be discussed in relation to changes in market share. Second, this study provided an analysis of the emerging and developmental processes of innovative retail businesses using a more precise logical structure on the basis of the consumer's choice model described in this study. Third, the development process of retail businesses discussed in this study presented retailing solutions regarding management aspects on how to compose a strong retail mix that can help retail businesses gain competitive advantages in the market.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-238
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• 2005

This study analyzed the contents of the milk-related nutrition education currently found in elementary and secondary school textbooks. An attempt was made to develop the basic data needed to in the future provide students with pertinent in formation regarding the nutritional attributes of milk, as well as the desired consumption behavior, within the school education system. To attain the objectives of this study, the researcher analyzed the contents of the milk-related nutrition education described in elementary and secondary school textbooks(1st-10th grades). Based on the results of this analysis, measures were developed to organize the contents of the milk-related nutrition education that should be taught within the school education system. At the elementary school level, milk-related nutrition education was included in the textbooks for the integrated curriculum for the lower grades, as well as in the science, practical arts, and physical education textbooks for every grade, except the End and the 6th. The practical arts textbook, which contained basic knowledge related to the nutritional attributes of milk and the proper method in which to intake milk, was found to be the one which dealt with milk-related nutrition education in the most detail. At the secondary school level. milk-related nutrition education was included in the 7th-10th grade textbooks for the science, technology and home economics, and physical education courses. In this instance. the technology and home economics textbooks were the ones which were found to contain the most milk-related nutrition education covering such aspects as the nutritional attributes of milk, the special characteristics of milk as a food. how to select and store milk. as well as how to use milk as part of a balanced diet in everyday life. However, as was the case at the elementary school levet the repetitious nature of the milk-related contents found in the textbooks for various school subjects and at different school levels, as well as the inefficient hierarchical structure in which the knowledge is presented, were identified as key problems. There is a need to establish the appropriate milk-related nutrition education for each school level. The need to develop education programs, which could be linked to the school subjects and special milk programs, was also emphasized.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 2011

This study provides analysis of the effectiveness of domestic marketing strategies of the Korean coffee shop "Caffe Bene". It bases its evaluation on statistical outputs of 'choice attributes,' "market segmentation," demographic characteristics," and "satisfaction differences." The results are summarized in four points. First, five choice attributes were extracted from factor analysis: price, atmosphere, comfort, taste, and location; these are related to coffee shop selection behavior. Based on these five factors, cluster analysis was conducted, with statistical results classifying customers into three major groups: atmosphere oriented; comfort oriented; and taste oriented. Second, discriminant analysis tested cluster analysis and showed two discriminant functions: location and atmosphere. Third, cross-tabulation analysis based on demographic characteristics showed distinctive demographic characteristics within the three groups. Atmosphere oriented group, early-20s, as women of all ages was found to be 'walking down the street 'and 'through acquaintances' in many cases, as the cognitive path, and mostly found the store through 'outdoor advertising', and 'introduction'. Comfort oriented group was mainly women who are students in their early twenties or professionals, and appeared as a group to be very loyal because of high recommendation to other customers compared to other groups. Taste oriented group, unlike the other group, was mainly late-20s' college graduates, and was confirmed, as low loyalty, with lower recommendation activity. Fourth, to analyze satisfaction differences, one-way ANOVA was conducted. It shows that groups which show high satisfaction in the five main factors also show high menu satisfaction and high overall satisfaction. This results show that segmented marketing strategies are necessary because customers are considering price, atmosphere, comfort, taste, location when they choose coffee shop and demographics show different attributes based on segmented groups. For example, atmosphere oriented group is satisfied with shop interior and comfort while dissatisfied with price because most of the customers in this group are early 20s and do not have great financial capability. Thus, price discounting marketing strategies based on individual situations through CRM system is critical. Comfort oriented group shows high satisfaction level about location and shop comfort. Also, in this group, there are many early 20s female customers, students, and self-employed people. This group customers show high word of mouth tendency, hence providing positive brand image to the customers would be important. In case of taste oriented group, while the scores of taste and location are high, word of mouth score is low. This group is mainly composed of educated and professional many late 20s customers, therefore, menu differentiation, increasing quality of coffee taste and price discrimination is critical to increase customers' satisfaction. However, it is hard to generalize the results of study to other coffee shop brand, because this study have researched only one domestic coffee shop, Caffe Bene. Thus if future study expand the scope of locations, brands, and occupations, the results of the study would provide more generalizable results. Finally, research of customer satisfactions of menu, trust, loyalty, and switching cost would be critical in the future study.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.179-191
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• 2001

Comparison shopping is a merchant brokering process that finds the best price for the desired product from several Web-based online stores. To get a scalable comparison shopper, we need an agent that automatically constructs a simple information extraction procedure, called a wrapper, for each semi-structured store. Automatic construction of wrappers for HTML-based Web stores is difficult because HTML only defines how information is to be displayed, not what it means, and different stores employ different ways of manipulating customer queries and different presentation formats for displaying product descriptions. Wrapper induction has been suggested as a promising strategy for overcoming this heterogeneity. However, previous scalable comparison-shoppers such as ShopBot rely on a strong bias in the product descriptions, and as a result, many stores that do not confirm to this bias were unable to be recognized. This paper proposes a more scalable comparison-shopping agent named MORPHEUS. MORPHEUS presents a simple but robust inductive learning algorithm that antomatically constructs wrappers. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to recognize the position and the structure of a product description unit by finding the most frequent pattern from the sequence of logical line information in output HTML pages. MORPHEUS successfully constructs correct wtappers for most stores by weakening a bias assumed in previous systems. It also tolerates some noises that might be present in production descriptions such as missing attributes. MORPHEUS generates the wrappers rapidly by excluding the pre-processing phase of removing redundant fragments in a page such as a header, a tailer, and advertisements. Eventually, MORPHEUS provides a framework from which a customized comparison-shopping agent can be organized for a user by facilitating the dynamic addition of new stores.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.7
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• pp.353-374
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• 2001

Price and brand are two major attributes of products that consumer purchases. Price is important because it is often a measure of worth and quality. Some consumers purchase only well-known national brands. However, By reason of the price competition on account of new business condition and depressions, and consumers practical and rational purchasing tendency, consumers tend to purchase private brands(PB hereafter) because as consumers they expect that producers have reasonable and acceptable quality. Accordingly, The study, with intrinsic cue, extrinsic cue, familiarity anything like these cues from the study of Richardson et aI(1994, 1996), intends to present current topics we guide in retailer's promotion strategy for PB. As for investigating how quality evaluation has on effect on the private brands purchasing behavior of discount store grocery items. This study establishes a hypotheses on the basis of the quality evaluation cues of PB and literature review for purchasing behavior and collects materials for consumers about 196, and also analyzes them using a variety of SPSS/PC+package program. Therefore, the findings of this study provide the following managerial implications. 1) Retailer will successful in increasing private brand market share through dramatic improvement in package design, labeling, advertising, and branding strategies. 2) Planned Purchasers have high intention to repurchase PB because they buy them reasonably in accordance with the estimate therefore, they might have word-of-mouth effect for the evaluation of quality and recognition. They need to acknowledge benefits for PB purchases to maintain purchase like that. 3) The main consumers are housewives in their thirties and forties and they something reasonably because they have a lot of family and retailer will work out.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-34
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• 2007

In order to provide various business analysis methods, OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing) systems represent their data with multidimensional structures. These multidimensional data are often delivered to users in the horizontal format of tables whose columns are corresponding to values of dimension attributes. Since the horizontal tables nay have a large number of columns, they cannot be stored directly in relational database systems. Furthermore, the tables are likely to have many null values (i.e., sparse tables). In order to manage the horizontal tables efficiently, we can store them as the vertical format of tables which has dimension attribute names as their columns thus transforms the columns of horizontal tables into rows. In this way, every queries for horizontal tables have to be transformed into those for vertical tables. This paper proposed a technique for transforming horizontal table queries into vertical table ones by utilizing not only traditional relational algebraic operators but also the PIVOT operator which recent DBMS versions are providing. For achieving this goal, we designed a relational algebraic expression equivalent to the PIVOT operator and we formally proved their equivalence. Then, we developed a transformation technique for horizontal table queries using the PIVOT operator. We also performed experiments to analyze the performance of the proposed method. From the experimental results, we revealed that the proposed method has better performance than existing methods.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.101-109
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• 2015

Purpose - A traditional retail market is a place that offers economic opportunity to employees and employers alike it also is a place where the community can meet. The Korean government has invested three trillion won to improve physical and non-physical aspects in traditional retail markets since 2004. However, little research on this has been conducted. We explore this research gap that could lead to theory extension. We analyze consumption behavior with respect to traditional retail markets through an empirical analysis, thus overcoming limits in previous research. We empirically analyze policy effects of traditional retail market projects supported by the Korean government. Research design, data, and methodology - We propose a traditional retail market improvement plan via the relation between cause and effect resulting from the analysis. More specifically, logit analysis was carried out with 1,754 consumers in 16 cities nationwide. In order to analyze consumer consumption behaviors nationwide, the probability was analyzed using a logit model. This research analyzes the link between support and non-support by the Korean government using binary values. The dependent variable is whether Korean government support is implemented; the binomial logistic regression is used as the statistical estimation technique. The object variables are:1 (support) or 0 (nonsupport), and the prediction value is between 1 and 0. As a result of the factor analysis of questions related to attributes of service quality, four factors were extracted: convenience, product, facilities, and service. Results - The results indicate that convenience, product, and facilities have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in accordance with the government's traditional retail market support. Additionally, the results reveal that convenience, product, facilities, and service all have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in a traditional retail market's service quality and consumer satisfaction. Finally, the analysis indicates that the highly satisfied traditional retail market customer has a significant influence on revisit intention. Moreover, the results reveal that the highly satisfied traditional retail market customer has a significant influence on recommendation intention. Conclusions - This research focused on consumers nationwide to measure policy effects of traditional retail markets compared to previous research that focused on one traditional retail market or a specific area. We verified the relationship of service quality and customer satisfaction and consumer behavior based on service quality theory. The results indicate that consumer satisfaction of traditional retail markets supported by service quality factors has a significant impact. In a concrete form, the results indicate that these effects are from facility modernization projects and marketing support projects of the Korean government. The results also imply that these facility and management support effects from the Korean government have been consistent. We realize that the Korean government has to selectively support traditional retail markets in major cities and small and medium-sized cities. To that end, the Korean government needs to select a concentration strategy for the revitalization of traditional retail markets.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.391-401
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• 2009

The hybrid approach for structural experiments decomposes a structure into independent substructures that can be tested or simulated. The results from the decomposed substructures are combined to predict the behaviors of the entires structure. The hybrid approach is especially useful for the hybrid pseudo-dynamic tests that overcome the limitations of size of a test structure present in a shaking table test. The development of a computer system for the hybrid experiment requires a data model that formally organizes the information involved in the hybrid experiments. This paper provides the data model for representing the information involved in the hybrid experiments, by modifying the classes and attributes for the hybrid experiments in the Lehigh Model that is one of the data models for structural experiments. The data model for the hybrid experiments includes the classes for the physical substructures being tested and the analytical substructures being analyzed, and the simulation coordinator managing the overall experiments. Some objects for classes are implemented as an example to show the links among the classes. The data model presented in this paper can be applied for developing a computer system that helps structural engineers and researchers store, share, and access the information for the hybrid experiments.