• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.909-937
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• 2011

Energy efficiency is one of the most critical issues in the design of wireless sensor networks. In object-tracking sensor networks, the data storage and query processing should be energy-conserving by decreasing the message complexity. In this paper, a Prediction-based Energy-conserving Approximate StoragE schema (P-EASE) is proposed, which can reduce the query error of EASE by changing its approximate area and adopting predicting model without increasing the cost. In addition, focusing on reducing the unnecessary querying messages, P-EASE enables an optimal query algorithm to taking into consideration to query the proper storage node, i.e., the nearer storage node of the centric storage node and local storage node. The theoretical analysis illuminates the correctness and efficiency of the P-EASE. Simulation experiments are conducted under semi-random walk and random waypoint mobility. Compared to EASE, P-EASE performs better at the query error, message complexity, total energy consumption and hotspot energy consumption. Results have shown that P-EASE is more energy-conserving and has higher location precision than EASE.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was 10 investigate the effect of jujube on the physicochemical properties of lnjeulmi during storage. Various lnjeulmi samples were prepared with steamed glutinous rice, glutinous rice flour, or brown glutinous rice flour along with the addition of chopped jujube at 3, 6, 9, or 12% of rice. In sensory evaluation, the more jujube was added, the stronger sweetness and bitterness were obtained. The samples made with steamed glutinous rice gave the harshest texture. Tenderness and moistness of Deachu-Injeulmi were the highest in the samples made with glutinous rice followed by brown glutinous rice flour, and glutinous rice flour, and they were increased with less amount of jujube. The chewiness of the samples made with brown glutinous rice flour' was the highest and the samples made with glutinous rice were the coarsest. The more jujube was added, the redness and yellowness of Daechu-Injeulmi were increased. The moisture content was higher in the samples made with glutinous rice followed by glutinous rice flour and brown glutinous rice flour. The reducing sugar content of samples during storage was higher in the order of glutinous rice, glutinous rice flour, and brown glutinous rice flour, and it was dramatically reduced until 48hr of storag e; however, it was increased a little bit after 72 hr. The degree of gelatinization was reduced rapidly during the first 24hr of storage, and it was decreased in the order of brown glutinous rice flour, glutinous rice flour, and glutinous rice. The springiness and cohesiveness were decreased during storage. The chewiness and gumminess were increased with the increase of added jujube, and they were increased until 24hr of storage, then decreased after 48hr. The hardness was the highest in the samples made with glutinous rice and 12% of chopped jujube showed the least change in the hardness. The more jujube was added, the less change in the hardness of samples was observed during storage, consequently retarded the speed of retrogradation

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.110-116
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• 2020

As the management plan for domestic spent nuclear fuel is delayed, the storage of the operating nuclear power plant is approaching saturation, and the Kori 1 Unit that has reached its end of operation life is preparing for the dismantling plan. The first stage of dismantling is the transfer of spent nuclear fuel stored in storage at plants. The spent fuel management process leads to temporary storage, interim storage, reprocessing and permanent disposal. In this paper, the technical issues to be considered when transporting spent fuel in this process are summarized. The spent fuels are treated as high-level radioactive waste and strictly managed according to international regulations. A series of integrity tests are performed to demonstrate that spent fuel can be safely stored for decades in a dry environment before being transferred to an intermediate storage facility. The safety of spent fuel transport container must be demonstrated under normal transport conditions and virtual accident conditions. IAEA international standards are commonly applied to the design of transport containers, licensing regulations and transport regulations worldwide. In addition, each country operates a physical protection system to reduce and respond to the threat of radioactive terrorism.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 1990

Quality deterioration of barley drink during storage was examined by measuring viable count, titratable acidity (TA), turbidity and pH of barley drinks with or without barley particles stored at temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35$^{\circ}C$. Qualitative analysis of organic acids in spoiled barley drink was also performed. TA of barley drink during storage increased to 0.009, 0.0095, 0.0097 and 0.020% at 20, 25, 30 and 35$^{\circ}C$, respectively. TA reached the mixima between 7 and 10 days of storage and reduced from then on. pH values followed the exactly reverse trend of TA. The rate of bacterial spoilage of barley drinks was faster when it was stored at higher temperatures. The numbers of bacteria were in the range between 9.0${\times}10^6-8.0{\times}10^8$ cells/ml depending on the storage temperatures and the different brands. Those samples with higher bacterial growths showed higher optical densities. Volatile organic acids such as acetic, formic, propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric acids were detected in addition to ethyl alcohol. Non-volatile organic acids such as pyruvic, lactic, oxalacetic, succinic, fumaric acids were detected. Among them, acetic acids were most important in their quantities. Five different kinds of spoilage bacteria were isolated and identified as Bacillus Licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Badillus cirulans, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus brevis, all of which were found to form endospores.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3B
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• pp.269-279
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• 2009

The design flood estimation in a large river basin has a lot of uncertainties in areal reduction factors, time-spatial rainfall distribution, and parameters of rainfall-runoff model. The use of historical concurrent rainfall events for estimating design flood would reduce the uncertainties. This study presents a procedure for estimating design floods using historical rainfall events and storage function model. The design rainfall and time-spatial distribution were determined through analyzing concurrent rainfall events, and the design floods were estimated using storage function model with a non-linear hydrology response. To evaluate the applicability of the procedure of this study, the estimated floods were compared to results of frequency analysis of flood data. Both floods gave very similar results. It shows the applicability of the procedure presented in this study for estimating design floods in practices.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2000

National plant quarantine inspector of exporting country should inspect agricultural products according to the quarantine requisites of counterpart country when the commodities are shipped. Export of pear fruits was held because quarantine pests including Conogethes punctiferalis were found at the point of entry in Canada. In order to examine the problems in detail, the inspected pear fruits were stored at a low temperature for 43 days, almost the same period necessary for fruit sorting, quarantine procedures, and transportation by ship. Dead larvae of fruit moths, C. punctiferalis and Grapholita molesta were found during cold storage. Quarantine pathogens were not found, but non-quarantine ones such as Penicillium sp. was infected through wounds by bruises and stabs resulted from sorting procedures. Because of the wounding problem during export procedures, pear fruits with thin exocarp, such as fruits of P. pyrifolia Nakai cv. Whangkeumbae, are required more careful handling during fruit sorting and conveyance.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 1973

An experiment was carried out to investigate possible use of several systemic insecticides as seed treatment to control some insect pests of rice, barley and soybean. The insecticides were impregnated with active carbon dust and $2\%$ water solution of methyl cellulose as skicker. The seeds were dressed with the insecticides: Fussol (Monofluoroacetamide), Dimethoate (0, 0-dimethyl-S-(N-methyl carbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate), Metasystox (0, 0-dimethyl 0-2 ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioate), Dimecron (0, 0-dimethyl (diethylamide-1-chlorocrotonyl) Phosphate). The seeds were treated at the rate of $4\%$ by grain weight. Effects of seed treatments with systemic insecticides on the seed germination and insecticidal effectiveness were tested. Fer rice, no seed germination was observed in Fussol treatment. Dimethoate, Metasystox and Dimecron showed a slight reduction in germination when seeds were sown 1 day after treatment, but they showed gradual reduction in germination when seeds were sown 20 and 45 days after treatment. Especially Diriethoate treatment showed significant reduction in germination after 20 and 45 days of storage. All the insecticides reduced seedling stands of barley somewhat. No plant emergence was observed in Fussol treatments after 25 and :to days of storage. In case of the 40 days of storge in barley seed treated with Dimethoate, Hetasystox and Dimecron there was no gignificant reduction in plant emergence except Fussol treatment. Dimethoate was highly toxic to the soybean seed viability. However, there was no significant reduction in the soybean germination after 1 day of storage. in Fussol, Metasystox and Dimecron treatments After 25 days of storag in Fussol and Dimethoate treatments, no plant emergence was observed, and there was $13.3\%$ emergence in Metasystox treatment, and $93.0\%$ emergence in Dimecron treatment. Dimethoate treatment in rice seed(variety Suwon # 82) showed $90\%$ mortality at the twentieth day and $33.3\%$ at the thirtieth day after sowing against the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps But no visible effectiveness was observed in Metasystox and Dimecron treatments. Dimethoate treatment in barley seed resulted in low population density of aphids. Rhopalosiphum spp. Final observation on the number of eggs per plant was made at the fiftieth day after sowing; 2 in Dimethoate, 4 in Fussol, 6 in Metasystox, 7 in Dimecron, and 13 in check plots. All the insecticides tested resulted in good insecticidal effectiveness against the aphids, Aulocorthum solani on soybean plant at the ninth day infestation after sowing. Dimethote, Metasystox, and Dimecron treated soybean plants was still effective in controlling the aphids to the eighteenth day infestation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.743-748
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• 2008

Amyloid $\beta$ peptide ($A{\beta}$) is known to increase oxidative stress in nerve cells, leading to apoptosis that is characterized by free radical formation and lipid peroxidation. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by large deposits of $A{\beta}$ in the brain. In our study, neuronal protective effects of green tea, along with water activity (0.813), and leaf storage periods (fresh leaf, or leaf stored for up to 4 weeks) were investigated. We measured protective effects against $A{\beta}$-induced cytotoxicity in neuron-like PC12 cells. Powdered green tea was extracted with distilled water at $70^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, and this extract was freeze-dried and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ until use. In cell viability assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the fresh extract, and that obtained after 1 week of leaf storage, showed the best protective effects against $A{\beta}$-induced neurotoxicity. As oxidative stress causes membrane breakdown, the protective effect of green tea extracts was investigated using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and trypan blue exclusion assays. LDH release into the medium was inhibited (by 20-25%) in all tests. In addition, all green tea extracts (fresh, or stored before extraction for up to 4 weeks) showed better cell protective effects ($93.3{\pm}1.8-96.2{\pm}2.4$) than did vitamin C ($91.0{\pm}1.6$), used as a positive control. The results suggest that effectiveness of green tea extracts falls with prolonged leaf storage.