• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2014

This paper presents an engine oil change warning algorithm based on the test results of a small dip-stick-gage-type engine-oil-deterioration-detection sensor, software to realize the algorithm and a display device to apply the software. The algorithm determines the engine oil deterioration condition from the rate of change in the dielectric constant based on the average measured capacitance at $80^{\circ}C$ after the engine stops. The rate of change in the dielectric constant at the time for oil change correlates with the time that one of recommended warning limits for engine oil physical properties such as TAN (Total Acid Number), TBN (Total Base Number) and viscosity is first reached. At this point, a warning signal for oil change appears on the display device like a smart-phone or individual display device. The frames of smartphone app have three stages. The user can directly input all of the thresholds into the frame of the smartphone app. The screen of the display device comprises one frame for each warning signature with the related message. The user can input the thresholds to the device through a USB cable connected to a personal computer.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.143-154
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to suggest basic materials for the practical infection precaution program to protect health care workers from hospital infection by grasping their compliance level of Universal Precautions and examining the factors affecting them. The number of the health care workers we studied were 486, including the doctors, the nurses, and the lab technicians who were working in a university hospital. The period of this research was from Aug. 18th, 1997 to Aug. 30th, 1997. The method of the study was to measure the compliance level of Universal Precautions with the item of "Universal Precautions" established by CDC in 1987, and examine the questionnaire of 52 questions dividing related factors into socio-populational, individual, socio-psychological and organizational management ones. The data was analyzed by t-test. ANOVA, and chi-square test. The results were as follows : 1. An the compliance level of Universal Precautions, hand washing had the highest score(85.4%), and doctors(18.9%), nurses(44.0%), and lab technicians(7.6%), had a low compliance level in the safe handling of an injection syringe, and item not to handle patients and their samples when the subject suffered from dermatitis or injury had the lowest score of 17.1%. 23.3% of them said that they wear protection gown, goggles and mask. 2. Female's Compliance level of Universal Precautions Was higher than male. 3. The health care workers who had high recognition on Universal Precautions got significantly higher compliance level of Universal Precautions than those have low recognition on Universal Precautions(P<0.001). 4. The health care workers experienced a needle stick injury had a significantly higher compliance level of Universal Precautions than those who had not(P<0.000). 5. The health care workers who had infection protection education got a significantly higher compliance level of Universal Precautions than those who didn't(P<0.000). 6. The health care workers who had a firm belief in the effect of Universal Precautions got a higher compliance level of Universal Precautions than those who didn't. 7. The health care workers who had less conflicts between treating patient arid protecting them-selves got a higher compliance level of Universal Precautions than others with many conflicts. 8. The health care workers who had a high score in organizational management factors got a significantly higher compliance level of Universal Precautions than those with a low score(P<0.000). 9. Only 16.9 percent of the all respondents(82 in number) answered that they knew well or a little about the Universal Precautions, which is very low rate of recognition. 10. The variables which affected the score in organizational management factors were age, sex, education period, work experience, the kind of work, recognition on Universal Precautions, the experience of needle stick injury, revealing dangerous circumstance related to infection, and training on precaution again infection. According to the result above, compliance level of Universal Precautions showed high correlation with sex, the recognition on Universal Precautions, the experience of needle stick injury, training on precaution against infection, the belief in the effect of Universal Precautions, the recognition degree of conflicts and organizatinal management factors. These results could be used as the basic materials for the developing infection protection programs. Also, There should have a systematic training course to elevate a effective compliance level of Universal Precautions as well as the manageeent of infection protection programs.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.929-939
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge of universal precautions and its performance in practice. The research was conducted from November 2 to 30, 1998. A total 515 student nurses ; 249 from a baccalaureate nursing college and 266 from second and third year of a 3-year community nursing college were surveyed. The results are as following : 1. The average score for universal precautions knowledge was 270.41$\pm$19.43/300(range 150-300). The results showed that 99.2% of students avoid injury from used needles, 98.6% answered that they always wash their hands if they had contact with the patient's blood and they always dispose of used needles in special collectors (97.7%) for needles. But, 39.2% responsed that they dispose of used needles after recapping them. 2. The average score for universal precautions knowledge of the senior students in the 4-year college was the highest (277.65$\pm$13.99). 3. The average score for the performance of universal precautions knowledge was 53.18 $\pm$5.91(range 14-70). The items : ‘I cautiously avoid injury from the used needles’(4.92$\pm$0.33), ‘I always wash my hands if there has been contact with the patient's blood’(4.91$\pm$0.34), and ‘I always disposed of used needles in the appropriate collector’(4.89$\pm$0.42) showed the highest performance. However ‘I always dispose of used needles after recapping them’(2.19$\pm$1.39) and ‘I always use protection goggles when in danger of contamination’(2.19$\pm$1.20) showed low performance level. 4. The highest average score for universal precautions performance was shown among the second year students in 3-year nursing college (54.19$\pm$6.92) between the groups. It showed that the level of the universal precautions performance was higher for those who had education on university precautions prior to performance of the universal precautions than for those without any prior education. 5. The percentage of students who reported the experience of direct contact with patients' blood and/or body fluids was 42.30%. The experience of direct contact with blood and/or body fluids of the educational group was significantly higher than those were not educated. 6. The most frequent cause of the direct contact was ‘needle pricking and/or skin cut’(63.04%). The most frequent substance with which the students contact was ‘blood’(59.85%). The majority of the sample had answered that the mode of contamination was ‘unknown’(63.54%). The majority of the sample answered that strategies used after contamination included ‘washing with soap’(33.61%). Reviewing the chart of patients or asking other health professionals(28.85%). 7. The number of students who had the experience of a needle stick and/or skin cut was 145(28.16%). The clinical practice places where the incidents occurred were mainly in the internal medicine unit (45.07%) and the surgical unit (31.92%) followed by the intensive care unit and the emergency unit in order. The experience of a needle stick and/or skin cut happened during on intra-muscular injection 47.34% and intravenous injection 21.81%. The causes of the needle stick and/or skin cut were ‘putting the needle cap back on 77(35.81%)’. The number of students who took an appropriate post management blood test and/or vaccination was 27(18.62%). 8. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient between the knowledge of universal precautions and performance of universal precautions in practice showed a positive correlation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.643-646
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• 1996

Experiments were conducted to determine potassium (K) requirement of mule ducklings. One-day-old ducklings with equal number of both sexes were fed diets containing graded levels of K for three weeks. In experiment 1, corn-soybean meal diet (CP 18.7%, ME 2,890 kcal/kg, K 0.80%) was used. The addition of K (0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40%) to the diet by potassium carbonate resulted in a decrease in weight gain and feed efficiency with the group fed on basal diet having the best performance. This means that the existing K in the basal diet is adequate for the growth of ducklings. In experiment 2, low K corn-isolated soy protein diet (K, 0.19%) was used. The supplementation of K (0.00, 0.16, 0.32, 0.48, 0.64%) resulted in an increase in weight gain and feed efficiency with the control group having the lowest performance. The minimum K requirement was found to be 0.49% for both maximum growth and best feed efficiency as determined by using bent-stick model.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2015

The present study numerically investigates the effect of shield on the flow characteristics of Hartmann whistle. The flow characteristics of un-shielded Hartmann whistle are compared with whistles of different shield heights 15 mm, 17 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm. The comparison of Mach number contours and transient velocity vectors of shielded Hartmann whistles with un-shielded ones for the same conditions reveal that the presence of shield causes the exiting jet to stick to the wall of the shield without causing spill-over around the cavity inlet, thus sustaining the shock oscillation as seen in the unshielded Hartmann whistle, which has intense flow/shock oscillation and spill-over around the cavity mouth. The velocity vectors indicate jet regurgitance in shielded whistles showing inflow and outflow phases like un-shielded ones with different regurgitant phases. The sinusoidal variation of mass flow rate at the cavity inlet in un-shielded Hartmann whistle indicates jet regurgitance as the primary operating mode with large flow diversion around the cavity mouth whereas the non-sinusoidal behavior in shielded ones represent that the jet regurgitance is not the dominant operating mode. Thus, this paper sufficiently demonstrates the effect of shield in modifying the flow/shock oscillations in the vicinity of the cavity mouth.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.10-13
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 다기능 휠체어 시스템을 개발하기 위해 제어부를 16bit의 마이크로 프로세서인 80C196KC 사용하였고, 조이스틱을 통해서 된 시스템을 제어하는 것을 구현하였다. 전체시스템은 제작된 전동 휠체어 기본 Plant를 사용하였으며, 모터에서 Encoder로 입력받아 MCU를 통해서 휠체어 회전수를 이용하여 제어시켰다. 휠체어 모터의 제어 방법은 PWM(Pulse Width Mudulation)을 이용하였으면, 여기에 H-브릿지 회로를 구성하였다. 조이스틱을 사람의 손으로 제어하는데 있어서 조이스틱 위치 변화에 따른 전동휠체어에 부착된 DC모터 동작을 퍼지 제어 알고리즘을 사랑하였으며, DC모터의 속력과 방향을 제어하고 아울러 위치 정보까지도 제어할 누 있게끔 하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2016

The need for high-strength galvanized steel has recently increased because of the increased number of car consumers who want improved efficiency and exterior quality. High-strength galvanized steel with high corrosion resistance improves the durability of products and exterior quality. Furthermore, the gilt of zinc does not come off during machining because of the fine adhesive property of zinc. When these are welded, zinc has a lower melting temperature than iron, so zinc is more quickly vaporized than iron. Vaporized zinc can stick to electrodes, which increases spatter in welding transportation. Created spatter can enter the molten pool and develop into inner defects or blowholes and pits. Scattered spatter sticks to the product, which leads to the secondary cost of spatter removal. Therefore, in this study, comparisons of amounts of spatter generated are conducted according to the composition of shielding gas in the MIG and CMT processes to find optimal welding parameters.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2013

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in men and is a major cause of mortality in the most of countries. In many diagnostic and treatment procedures for prostate disease accurate detection of prostate boundaries in transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) images is required. This is a challenging and difficult task due to weak prostate boundaries, speckle noise and the short range of gray levels. In this paper a method for automatic prostate segmentation in TRUS images using Gabor feature extraction and snake-like contour is presented. This method involves preprocessing, extracting Gabor feature, training, and prostate segmentation. The speckle reduction for preprocessing step has been achieved by using stick filter and top-hat transform has been implemented for smoothing the contour. A Gabor filter bank for extraction of rotation-invariant texture features has been implemented. A support vector machine(SVM) for training step has been used to get each feature of prostate and nonprostate. Finally, the boundary of prostate is extracted by the snake-like contour algorithm. A number of experiments are conducted to validate this method and results showed that this new algorithm extracted the prostate boundary with less than 10.2% of the accuracy which is relative to boundary provided manually by experts.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.591-598
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• 1984

본 논문에서는 고체상호간 미끄름접촉에 의해 발생하는 진동과 소음의 특성을 조사하기 위해서 실험과 이론해석을 행하였다. 미끄름접촉과 관련된 소음에는 brake squeal 혹은 wheel screech등과 같이 stick-slip 형태의 동적 불안정 상태와 관련이 있는 squeal noise와, 겉보기로 동적 안정 상태에 있으나 미끄름접촉면간에 내재하는 미끄름접촉 고유의 불규칙한 동특성에 기인하여 발생하는 rubbing noise가 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 보다 기본적인 형태인 후자에 한한다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

Purpose: In the Korean armed forces, vaccination against tetanus is done when personnel join the military service, but we do not know how many military personnel are vaccinated and how many soldiers have protection against tetanus. We performed a qualitative analysis of the tetanus antibody in Korean military personnel by using the TQS (Tetanus Quick Stick) Methods: This study used a prospective collection method for military personnel visiting to the emergency department of a tertiary armed forces hospital from July 2005 to January 2007. We performed an analysis by using the TQS and asked whether the personnel had been inoculated during military service. Results: The number of enrolled military personnel was 474. Among them, 412 had been vaccinated against tetanus after entering the military service. The positive rate of TQS was 91.3% (373 patients) after vaccination for tetanus. Conclusion: Many military personnel were inoculated with tetanus toxoid during military service and have protective antibodies for tetanus. According as TQS should be used for military personnel who visit the emergency department of an armed forces hospital. Also, anti-tetanus immunoglobulin should not normally be used a positive TQS for tetanus prophylaxis.