• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.223-223
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• 1996

Effects of Panax ginseng were tested on morphine-and steroids-induced immunosuppression, focusing on mechanism and identification of active components. To investigate overall effects of morphine and ginseng total saponin (GTS) on immune system, body weight and lymphoid organ weight were measured. Morphine significantly reduced body weight, spleen/body weight, and thymus/body weight ratio. GTS, at 100mg/kg (oral), restored spleen/body weight ratio. Because morphine is known to increase corticosterone level, serum corticosterone level was measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum corticosterone was increased by morphine and it was restored to the control level by GTS 100mg/kg (oral). In vitro proliferation studies were also conducted to study the effects of ginseng on steroids-induced immunosuppression. While ginsenoside Rg$_1$ and ginseng alkaloids were effective on proliferation and dexamethasone-induced death of thymocytes, 50% ginseng ethanol extract and polysaccharides were effective on splenocytes. In vivo mprohine-induced apoptosis of thymus was partly protected by GTS.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

Among drug-induced myopathy, steroids are probably the most common cause. The risk of steroid myopathy(SM) increases with the dose and duration of use. It is typically a proximal myopathy, preferentially affecting the hip girdle muscles. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies are normal. The needle EMG is usually within the normal range or may be minimally abnormal. Occasionally, low-amplitude, short-duration MUAPs may be seen in the proximal muscles. Of note, abnormal spontaneous activity is not seen. This point is often very useful in differentiating polymyositis(PM) from SM. It is common for patients with PM to be treated with steroids, respond well, and then have the steroids tapered. If muscle weakness then returns, it may be very difficult to differentiate recurrent PM from SM on clinical grounds. The presence of abundant abnormal spontaneous activity strongly suggests PM rather than SM.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2020

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts, including the oral cavity. For the conventional treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, steroids are usually used as induction therapy, and azathioprine is used as maintenance therapy. Steroids are associated with various side effects. Under rare circumstances, they can even cause psychotic symptoms, and reports on steroid-induced psychosis in the pediatric population are few. Here, we report the first case of steroid-induced psychosis in a 16-year-old female with Crohn's disease administered with steroids as induction therapy in South Korea. She showed psychotic symptoms, including auditory hallucination, loosening of association, and idea of reference, after 2 weeks of administering prednisolone 60 mg/day. One week after steroid discontinuation, the patient gradually recovered and was treated with quetiapine. Therefore, pediatricians should be aware of serious psychiatric adverse effects when administering corticosteroids for various indications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.477-483
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• 1999

The effects of chitin and chitosan on the contents of plasma and liver lipids and the fecal excretion of neutral and acidic steroids were investigated in rats fed with atherogenic diet. Dietary chitin did not affect plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, while chitosan diet de creased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Plasma content of triglyceride was reduced signif icantly by chitin diet but not by chitosan. Increases in fecal weight were observed in rats fed with either chitin or chitosan, and the increase was greater with chitosan than with chitin. Dietary chitosan resulted in an increase of fecal excretion of neutral steroids without any changes in the excretion of acidic sterols. Putting the results together, dietary chitosan reduces plasma cholesterol probably due to the reduction of cholesterol absorption. The decrease in plasma triglyceride level by dietary chitin requires further research to understand the mechinism.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2023

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are used illegally to enhance muscle development and increase strength and power. In this study, a reliable, and sensitive quantitative method was developed and validated using heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride (HFPA) derivatives for the simultaneous detection of prohibited AAS (testosterone [TS], boldenone [BD], 5α-estrane-3β,17α-diol [EAD]) using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For processing the samples, solid phase extraction, methanolic hydrolysis, and liquid-liquid extraction were used. For detection using mass spectrometry, the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used with the electron ionization (EI) positive mode. The method was evaluated for selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification, intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, and stability. The results showed that the method was accurate and reproducible for the quantitation of the three steroids. The developed method was finally applied to the analysis of a suspect gelding urine sample received from the Asian Quality Assurance Program (AQAP).

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.257-265
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• 1996

Previously, we demonstrated that estradiol (E$_2$) was produced by medium sized follicles of Rana nigromaculata and Rana dybowskii in vitro. Present experiments were carried out to determine when the growing follicles have obtained the ability to produce E$_2$. Follicles in different growth stages were isolated and cultured for 6 hours in the presence or absence of frog pituitary homogenates (FPH, 0.1 pituitary/2m1) or various steroid precursors (200 ng/2m1). levels of progesterone (P$_4$), 17 -hydroxyprogesterone (17$\alpha$-OHP), androstenedione (AD), testosterone Cr) or E$_2$ in the medium were measured by RIA. The smallest follicles failed to produce steroids, whereas the smaller follicles produced considerable amounts of steroids (211 pg/follicle), and the medium sized follicles produced a large amounts of steroids (1653 pg/follicle) in response to FPH. Addition of pregnenolone (P5) resulted in a marked increase in P$_4$ but not in other steroids by the smallest follicles whereas the treatment resulted in a marked increase in P$_4$, 17$\alpha$-OHP, AD, T and E$_2$by the smaller and medium follicles. When the amounts of steroids are calculated on the basis of unit surface area (pg/mm$_2$), the ability of the smallest follicles to produce P$_4$ from P5 was similar to those of smaller and medium sized follicles. However, the smallest follicles failed to metabolize P$_4$ to other steroids whereas the smaller and medium follicles did. Taken together, the data suggest that the smallest follicles do not response to FPH in terms of steroid production but they have capacity to convert P5 to P$_4$ and that the smaller follicles have potential to produce E$_2$ although much less efficient than medium sized follicles.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to survey on the pharmacists' medication teaching service for topical steroids in regions without separation of dispensary from medical practice. The questionnaire was sent to 199 pharmacists who work inregions without separation of dispensary from medical practice via mail, e-mail or fax. 112 out of 199 pharmacists requested have answered the survey (response rate 56.28%). The questionnaire was composed of 4 categories with demographic characteristics, generally explained contents, adverse effects and precaution in pregnancy, breastfeeding and children. We analyzed the questionnaire by the 6 items with reference to the practical guidelines for medication teaching service. The medication teaching service for topical steroids in terms of generic name, physical characteristics, efficacy, usage and dosage, warning and precaution has been well provided by pharmacists in regions without separation of dispensary except for means and duration of optimal storage. The majority of pharmacists provided their patients with 4 and more kinds of items (69.64%), but the generally recommended 4 kinds of items such as generic name, efficacy, usage and dosage, warning and precaution were provided in as low as 48.22% of the respondents. These results show that the medication teaching service for topical steroids in terms of means and duration of optimal storage (45.54%) and the generally recommended 4 kinds of items have not been enough provided by pharmacists in regions without separation of dispensary. Taken together pharmacists in these regions should make a proper guideline for medication teaching service that can prevent the adverse effects of topical steroids.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2011

This study was conducted to define metabolite of the resveratrol by gas chromatography- time-offlight mass spectrometric detection. From these results, we suppose that the structure of metabolite is the result of reduction of double-bond attached by two-phenyl groups. Also, validity of method for determining metabolite of resveratrol and endogenous steroids was tested. The recoveries ranged from 96.47 to 114.74%, and intraand inter-day precision ranged 11.40 - 10.87% and 1.10 - 10.93%, accuracy ranged 80.03 - 119.92% and 80.02 - 119.56%, respectively. Resveratrol and endogenous steroids had correlation coefficients above or equal to 0.996. The method was successfully validated for the determination of resveratrol and endogenous steroids. Urinary samples from volunteers dosed resveratrol were analyzed to confirm a correlation resveratrol and its metabolite. From these results, the highest level of resveratrol and its metabolite was excreted in 10 - 15 hr more slowly than common drug, and conversion rate of metabolite was higher in woman than that in man. In addition, endogenous steroids were shown same the highest level of 10 - 15 hr. For estrone and estradiol, sensitivity was relatively higher in female than in man. And there were no significant changes of excretion patterns in the other endogenous steroids. Thus, we assumed that activation of resveratrol has impact on woman than man.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.631-635
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• 1997

Four steroids including two novel compounds have been isolated from a sponge of the genus Tethya. All of the compounds possess a 5α,8α-epidioxy functionality as a common structural feature. Two new steroids, 1 and 2, possess a cyclopropyl ring at C-24(26) of the side chain. The structures of these compounds have been determined by combined spectroscopic methods.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2018

Background: Neck and back pain are leading sources of disability placing substantial burden on health care systems. Surgical interventions in managing chronic neck pain secondary to various disorders continue to increase. Even though surgical interventions are effective, a significant proportion of patients continue to have symptomatology and develop cervical post-surgery syndrome. This study was performed to know the effectiveness of cervical interlaminar epidural injections with or without steroids. Methods: The effectiveness of fluoroscopic cervical interlaminar epidural injections in post-surgery syndrome was evaluated in a randomized, active controlled trial. The study population included 116 patients assigned to 2 groups. Group 1 received cervical interlaminar epidural injections with local anesthetic alone and Group 2 received injection with local anesthetic and steroids. The main outcomes were defined as significant improvement (greater than 50%) of pain relief using the numeric rating scale and/or functional status improvement using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Results: Both groups had similar results with significant improvement (${\geq}50%$ pain relief and functional status improvement) in 69% of the patients in Group I, whereas, in Group II, 71% of the patients showed significant improvement at the end of 2 years. During a 2-year period, the average number of procedures was 5 to 6, with an average of approximately 12 weeks of significant improvement per procedure. Conclusions: Fluoroscopic cervical interlaminar epidural injections administered in cervical post-surgery syndrome using local anesthetic, regardless of the use of steroids, may be effective in approximately 70% of the patients at 2-year follow-up.