• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2014

Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of three antimicrobial mouthrinses in reducing microbial growth on photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates. Materials and Methods: Prior to performing a full-mouth radiographic survey (FMX), subjects were asked to rinse with one of the three test rinses ($Listerine^{(R)}$, $Decapinol^{(R)}$, or chlorhexidine oral rinse 0.12%) or to refrain from rinsing. Four PSP plates were sampled from each FMX through collection into sterile containers upon exiting the scanner. Flame-sterilized forceps were used to transfer the PSP plates onto blood agar plates (5% sheep blood agar). The blood agar plates were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for up to 72 h. An environmental control blood agar plate was incubated with each batch. Additionally, for control, 25 gas-sterilized PSP plates were plated onto blood agar and analyzed. Results: The mean number of bacterial colonies per plate was the lowest in the chlorhexidine group, followed by the Decapinol, Listerine, and the no rinse negative control groups. Only the chlorhexidine and Listerine groups were significantly different (p=0.005). No growth was observed for the 25 gas-sterilized control plates or the environmental control blood agar plates. Conclusion: The mean number of bacterial colonies was the lowest in the chlorhexidine group, followed by the Decapinol, Listerine, and the no rinse groups. Nonetheless, a statistically significant difference was found only in the case of Listerine. Additional research is needed to test whether a higher concentration (0.2%) or longer exposure period (two consecutive 30 s rinse periods) would be helpful in reducing PSP plate contamination further with chlorhexidine.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2001

우리나라 주요 과수류중 하나인 포도의 경정배양을 통하여 증식재료로 이용할 수 있는 다아체의 형성 및 이들의 신장에 미치는 생장조절물질의 영향에 관해 검토하였다. 경정배양 시 재료의 살균은 5월 초순에 생육이 왕성한 신초를 채취하여 NaOCl 1%용액에 10분간 살균한 것에 비해 Wilson액에 5분간 침지 살균했을 때 생존율이 높았다. 다아체의 증식은 3/4 MS 기본배지에 NAA 0.1 mg/L와 BA 3.0mg/L에서 양호하였다. 다아체로부터 신초의 신장은 3/4 MS배지에 AdSO$_4$80 mg/L, NAA 0.1 mg/L와 BA를 1.0~2.0 mg/L 혼합한 배지에서 양호하였으며 품종간 생장조절물질의 적정농도 차이는 거의 없었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.641-646
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the sterilizing effects of toothbrushes by administering bacteria into toothbrushes and reproducing the antibacterial effects using a microwave oven. Methods : The heads of four-row mid-strength toothbrushes were cut, put in a bacterial solution ($3{\times}10^9cells/ml$) for vortexing, and sterilized with microwaves for 0, 30, and 60 seconds. They were then moved into four tubes containing DW 10 ml and suspended in a vortex mixer for two minutes to separate bacteria from them. DW 9ml was added by 1ml of bacteria for dilution of $10{\sim}10^6$ times. It was then administered to the BHI agar plate by 0.1ml and cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Total number of bacteria adhered to a toothbrush was obtained by multiplying the number of colonies by the dilution factor. The experiment was done in the first, second, and third step, being repeated in a normal temperature drier ($23^{\circ}C$) after 5, 9 and 24 hours. Results : The results of the experiment revealed that the sterilizing effects were 95% or over. When toothbrushes were sterilized for 60 seconds, the number of colonies is about 11 after drying for 5 hours, 7 after drying for 9 hours and 2 after drying for 24 hours. The sterilizing effects reached 98% when the bacteria-administered toothbrush was sterilized for 1 minute after drying for 24 hours. Conclusions : The results demonstrated that toothbrush sterilizing by using microwave is a suitable way to prevent cross-contamination of toothbrushes by oral bacterial infection and thus easy to use at home. However, this study suggests that toothbrush sterilizing by using microwave should be limited within two times a week because the physical properties of toothbrush might be changed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2004

Sterilized raw ground pork was inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Lactobacillus casei (LC) to investigate the relationship between microbial growth and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values. The analyses including microbial growth, pH, and TBARS values were performed during 3 weeks of storage at room temperature $(20^{\circ}C)$. The radiation-sterilized control sample did not show any microbial growth, but the samples inoculated at different levels (diluted twice vs non-diluted) exhibited differences until 1 week. However, the difference disappeared at weeks 2 and 3. The pH of raw ground pork inoculated with PA increased, but that of LC decreased. The pH of non-inoculated samples increased slightly after storage. The TBARS values in non-inoculated and LC inoculated with pork increased, but TBARS remained unchanged in samples inoculated with PA after 1 week. Results indicated that the microbial growth level and strains can influence the TBARS value of raw ground pork. Thus, it is important to use samples exposed to the same microbial conditions to compare the oxidation of lipids in meat samples.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.576-589
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the status of school foodservice facilities, utilities and equipment & sanitary education in provinces, This study was carried out from September 2008 until December 2008 and is targeted towards schools' dietitians that work at schools with school foodservice. 1,623 schools participated in this research and Kangwondo, Choongchungdo including the metropolitan area with frequent occurrence of food bone disease were the targets of this research. The regional distribution of this research is as follows; 377 schools in Seoul, 648 schools in Gyeonggido, 160 schools in Kangwondo, 438 schools in Choongchungdo equaling 1,623 schools in total. And out of the total 1,623 schools, 815 (50.2%) were elementary schools and 808 (48.8%) were middle and high schools (p < 0.001). Most of the elementary schools, excluding 4 schools, were self-operated. In the case with middle and high schools, 81.5% (513 schools) were self-operated and 18.4% (295 schools) were contracted. When dealing with the sanitation management of school foodservice in Kangwondo and Seoul, elementary schools were less equipped with equipment and facilities than middle and high schools which proved that they were in need of improvements (p < 0.01). Schools with self-operated foodservice, in particular, were in need of preparation zone improvements. 52.3%~88.0% of stainless equipment such as utensils, spoons/chopsticks, subsidiary food tray, and food trays were sterilized by dryers. Work tables, vegetable slicers, and mincers were chemically sterilized and plastic materials were sterilized by ultraviolet rays. Data from newspapers, Internet and TV are collected beforehand and then an annual hygiene educations plan for employees are put together. Hygiene education for employees are carried out monthly through oral method.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 토양에 유출된 염소계 휘발성 유기물질의 자연저감에 대한 흡착과 미생물분해의 영향을 알아보았다. 대표적인 염소계 휘발성 유기물질인 TCA (1,1,1-trichloroethane), TCE (trichloroethylene) 및 PCE (tetrachloro ethylene)의 자연저감율을 비교하기 위해 세가지 조건에서 바이얼 실험을 수행하였다; (1) 멸균, (2) 비멸균 그리고 (3) 비멸균/탄소원첨가. 또한 각각의 조건에서 수분함량에 의한 영향을 알아보기 위해 세 가지로 적용하였다; (1) wilting point (12%, w/w), (2) field capacity (29%, w/w), (3) saturation (48%, w/w). 100일 경과 후, TCA 및 TCE는 field capacity에서 미생물에 의한 자연저감이 상대적으로 활발히 일어났다. 비멸균/탄소원 첨가 토양은 멸균한 토양에 비해 유기물질의 제거율에서 현격한 차이를 나타내었다. PCE는 미생물 및 탄소원 첨가에 의한 영향을 보이지 않았다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 1998

이 연구는 담수토양 조건에서 토양에 처리된 carbofuran이 시간의 경과에 따라 분해될 때 토양에 존재하는 미생물적 요인이 carbofuran의 분해에 기여하는 정도를 분석하고, 토양내 유기탄소의 양이 비교적 풍부할 때 토양에 존재하는 황산염 성분이 carbofuran의 분해 속도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위한 것으로서, 1996년 3월 하순 경기도 시흥시의 논에서 채취한 토양을 대조토양으로 하여 이 대조토양에 cellulose와 황산염의 첨가와 멸균 처리를 하여 대조토양, 멸균토양, 10%의 cellulose 첨가 토양, 10% cellulose와 1%의 황산제일철($FeSO_4 \;{\cdot}\;7H_2O$) 동시 첨가 토양, 그리고 10% cellulose와 1% 황산마그네슘($MgSO_4 \;{\cdot}\;7H_2O$) 동시 첨가 토양 등의 다섯 종류의 토양시료를 만들었다.이들 토양시료에 총 농도 50ppm가 되도록 carbofuran을 첨가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 배양하면서 carbofuran의 토양내 잔류량을 측정하였다.멸균토양의 carbofuran의 잔류량은 대조토양에 비해 매우많았는데(p<0.05), 4주 동안 배양시 대조토양에 비해 잔류량이 약 18% 정도 많았다. 토양내 carbofuran의 잔류량을 배양 4주 동안 측정한 결과, 10%의 cellulose와 황산마그네슘을 동시에 첨가한 토양에서 carbofuran의 잔류량이 대조토양과 10% cellulose만을 첨가한 토양이나 10% cellulose와 황산재일철 동시 첨가 토양에 비해많아서 (p<0.01), 황산염과 마그네슘 함량이 일정 농도 이상으로 높은 토양에서 carbofuran의 분해가 지연되는 결과를 나타내었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.709-722
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• 2011

This study was investigated to obtain basic data which can be applied to processing of retort pouched seasoned sea mussel. Shell was washed and steamed before shucking. Sea mussel meat was seasoned in boiled and mixed seasoning sauce(soy sauce 23%, monosodiun glutamate 2%, sorbitol 2%, sesame oil 1%, vinegar 2%, starch syrup 15%, water 55%) for 30 min. The seasoned sea mussel was vacuum packed in plastic film bag and sterilized for various Fo values(Fo 7~13 min.) in a hot water circulation system retort at $121^{\circ}C$. The chemical composition such as pH, VBN, amino-N, total amino acid, free amino acid, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, TBA value, mineral, sensory evaluation and viable cells count of the retort pouched seasoned sea mussels sterilized with various conditions(Fo 7~13 min.) were measured. The same experimental items were also measured during storage. There was no remarkable difference between sterilization conditions and sensual characteristics. The results showed that the product sterilized at Fo 7 min. was the most desirable because this condition is most economical.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2019

In this study, general bacterial counts and coliform counts, which are hygienic indicator microorganisms, were tested for candy, chocolate, and jelly which are easily available and enjoyed around. After dropping each sample on the desk, indoors, and outdoors, it is immediately collected, or washed and collected to confirm the myth of the 3-second rule. Immediately after removing the wrapping paper, each sample was dropped on the desk, indoors, and outdoors, and after 3 seconds from the moment of contact with the surface, and then collected in a sample bag using sterilized sanitary gloves. After the same operation, each sample was rinsed for 5 seconds using sterilized sanitary gloves and sterilized distilled water, and then collected in a sample bag. The number of bacteria detected in non-washing candies was 41 CFU/g at outdoor and the number of bacteria detected in non-washing chocolate was 76 CFU/g at outdoor. The number of bacteria detected in non-washing jellies was 79 CFU/g at outdoor. Coliform group was not detected in all samples. This showed good results at the level of m = 10,000 or less, which is an allowable value suggested in the Food Code. Also, effect of washing on contaminated food was confirmed. This result is remarkably low compared with the microorganism specimens shown in Food Code, and it is confirmed that contamination occurs but not high value. Therefore, the myth of the 3-second rule is true compared to the figures based on Food Code. However, it showed the characteristics of bacteria that could survive and cross-contaminate on dry food surfaces and emphasized the importance of hygiene through food contact to unsanitary surfaces to minimize the risk of food poisoning.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.994-1001
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• 2008

바이오필터 모델로서 프로세스럼핑 모델(Lim의 모델)을 넓은 농도범위의 친수성 VOC의 경우에도 유효하도록 robust하게 개선하기 위하여, 수막으로 둘러싸였다고 가정한 멸균된 입상 활성탄, compost 및 동부피의 입상 활성탄/compost 담체 각각에 대해서 모델적용에 필요한 Freundlich 등온흡착관계식의 흡착상수들을 구하고 상호 비교하였다. 당 연구에서는 각각 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 및 1.0 ml의 에탄올을 멸균된 각각의 젖은 담체에 첨가하여서 바이오필터 운전조건과 같은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 흡착이 정상상태에 도달한 후에 각각의 담체에 대한 흡착량을 산출하는 에탄올 등온흡착평형 실험을 통하여, 각 담체 내부의 세공에 응축된 물에 용해된 에탄올농도와 등온흡착평형을 이루는 에탄올의 평형 흡착량을 모사하는 Freundrich 등온흡착모델의 파라미터인 흡착능 상수(K) 및 흡착지수(1/n) 값을 멸균된 입상 활성탄, compost 및 동부피의 입상 활성탄/compost 담체에 대하여 각각 0.7566과 $5.070{\times}10^{-7}mg-ethanol/mgmedia/(mg-ethanol/m^3)^{0.7566}$, 0.8827과 $1.000{\times}10^{-8}mg-ethanol/mgmedia/(mg-ethanol/m^3)^{0.8827}$ 및 0.5688과 $5.243{\times}10^{-6}mg-ethanol/mgmedia/(mg-ethanol/m^3)^{0.5688}$과 같이 구축하였다. 이와 같은 에탄올 등온흡착평형 실험에서 구해진 흡착능 상수 및 흡착지수를 포함하는 Freundlich 흡착상수는, 바이오필터의 바이오막으로 덮여진 바이오필터담체의 흡착특성에 적용할 수 있었다. 당 연구에서의 에탄올의 공기/물 분배계수와 Delhomenie 등의 젖은 compost담체에 대한 톨루엔 흡착실험에서의 톨루엔의 공기/물 분배계수의, 비의 크기 정도는 compost를 담체로 하는 양쪽의 연구에서 산출된 흡착량 비의 크기 정도와 거의 일치하였다.