• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2019

This study described a results of groundwater injection test in cavity, in order to evaluate characteristics of cavity expansion under pavement. That is, groundwater amount proportional to the cavity volume was injected into the generated cavity step by step, and then the cavity with the changed size was monitored as the injected groundwater was drained. The test result showed that the cavity volume by groundwater injection increased, and then it converged or decreased. This means that some of the relaxation soil around the cavity collapsed, and the fine-grained soils in some soils filled the void in the surrounding soils when the cavity is expanded by groundwater injection. The volume change and expansion characteristics of the cavity according to the groundwater injection step were analyzed. The result showed that the cavity extended laterally. Therefore, it was found that the cavity expansion is caused by the repetition of the relaxation soil collapse due to the groundwater flow and the loss of the collapsed soil below the cavity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.421-430
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• 2017

In this paper, research results on the change of music emotion are described. Our gaol was to provide a method of changing music emotion by a human user. Then we tried to find a way of transforming the contents of the original music into the music whose emotion is similar with the changed emotion. For the purpose, a method of changing the emotion of playing music on two-dimensional plan was describe. Then the original music should be transformed into the music which emotion would be equal to the changed emotion. As the first step a method of deciding which music factors and how much should be changed was presented. Finally the experimental method of editing by sound editor for changing the emotion was described. There are so many research results on the recognition of music emotion. But the try of changing the music emotion is very rare. So this paper would open another way of doing research on music emotion field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.355-360
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• 2000

There are many changed while a design is completed. Therefore, if the impact of the design changes is estimated, it may result in the improvement of design efficiency. But, the design changes have various types and affect other parts of the design system. Hence, it is difficult to deal with design changes directly. The purpose of this research is to develop a systematic change propagation tracing algorithm and a method of change impact analysis and then, to implement a change impact analysis system. Process based design is set up for the field of this research. Also the design, composed of design parameters and constraints, is set up for the subject of the research. Change propagation tracing algorithm traces change propagation based on the following concept : If the design parameters are changed, other parameters within the constrains including them may be changed. Using the result of change propagation tracing algorithm, changeable parameters, constraints and tasks can be found. The method of change impact analysis, to calculate change impact value from this changeable tasks, is developed. Change propagation tracing algorithm and the method of change impact analysis are implemented into change impact analysis system and it is applied to the redesign of 2 stage gear drives. It can support different kinds of design activities systematically. especially, at the redesign step, where many design change alternatives exist, change impact value of each alternative exist, change impact value of each alternative is calculated and design change is performed toward direction to minimize the impact of design change. Consequently, it is expected to improve the efficiency of the whole design.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.13-23
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• 2015

A study on the 'FUN' of TV reality audition programs. "Why are the audience so enthusiastic about the survival audition programs?" "What fun do the audition program audience have?" In order to find the answers for such questions, this study applied 'the 4-step fun evolving model' and thereby, categorized audience's fun-seeking behavioral modes, and therewith, examined how such fun-seeking behavioral modes would change by step over time. As a result, it was found that the audition program audience had faithfully followed the 4 fun types (watching, having, doing and becoming), and that their fun-seeking behavioral modes had changed by step over time in SBS "K-POP START" (Season 3) in 2013. Such findings suggest that the audition program fans accommodated 'the fun evolving model.' Their step of 'watching' evolved gradually into the step of 'having' both on-line and off-line (support of participants/malicious or good-will replies, participation in blogs/twitters, photo materials collection activities) and that of 'doing' (application for the jury group, organization of fan club, crazy fan activities, participation in phone voting, etc.), while increasing their fun.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2010

The reduction of optical losses in mono-crystalline silicon solar cell by surface texturing is a critical step to improve the overall cell efficiency. In this study, we have changed the sub-micrometer structure on the micrometer pyramidal structure by 2-step texturing. The Ag particles were coated on the micrometer pyramid surface in $AgNO_3$ solution, and then the etching with hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen peroxide created even smaller nano-pyramids in these pyramids. As a result, we observed that the changes of size and thickness of nano structure on pyramidal surface were determined by $AgNO_3$ concentration and etching time. Using 2-step texturing, the surface of wafers is etched to resemble the rough surface of a lotus leaf. Lotus surface can reduce average reflectance from 10% to below 3%. This reflectance is less than conventional textured wafer including anti-reflection coating.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 2022

The heel effect creates a density difference in the X-ray images because the intensity of the anode and cathode side of the X-ray tube is not equal. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the density difference due to the heel effect by rotating the step wedge by 180 degrees and then changing the distance. After fixing the tube voltage and tube current to 72 kVp and 10 mAs, the forward and reverse directions were taken using a step wedge. At this time, the distance (80 cm ~ 130 cm) was taken at 10 cm intervals, and the density value was measured by setting the region of interest for each step of the step wedge through the M6 program. First, the difference in intensity between the anode and the cathode was confirmed through the radiation exposure test. In addition, when the distance (from 80 cm to 130 cm) was changed, the difference in density between the cathode and the anode decreased as the projection distance increased. As a result, images of uniform density can be obtained as the projection distance increases.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.77
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

Photo-lithography lies in the middle of the wafer fabrication process. It is often considered as the most critical step in the IC process. We use a mask in exposure steps of the photo-lithography. Typically, 20 to 25 different levels of masks are required to complete an IC device. That means, if a photo process can be developed with the use of only one photo mask, we can reduce more process cost. To satisfy this, we plan to develop an alternative photo mask. For this reason, we chose to use a LCD. We expect to develop a LCD panel that can be changed by electrical control. This is the main idea about the adjustive photo mask. The Photo mask made of LCD panel will replace the former one.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2573-2580
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• 2011

SMRT(Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation) changed PC-oriented office system to Smart-Phone oriented mobile office system(STnF: SMRT Talk & Flash), and provided smart phone to all staffs. STnF make it possible not only voice communication between staff, but also to input and inquiry all kind of information related to work(ex: Facility maintenance, Rolling Stock management, office management, Finance, human resource etc.) based on smart phone. STnF conquers the limitation of time and space. All staffs can commute to the site directly to reduce moving time and to share information between staffs, so SMRT improve speed and reliability of work by making a quick decision and action on the spot. After introduction of STnF, within 1 year, the equipment failure ratio fell to 47%. Mobile office system reduced and level-off the step of approval. so enhanced civil customer service. Quantification and scientific movement of work make it fast evolution and development. These business improvement make it possible to put more outstanding manpower on new business and R&D project, and this contributes to company's management effectiveness.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 1994

An improved finite element-transfer matrix method is applied to the transient analysis of plates with large displacement under various excitations. In the present method, the transfer of state vectors from left to right in a combined finite element-transfer matrix method is changed into the transfer of generally incremental stiffness equations of every section from left to right. Furthermore, in this method, the propagation of round-off errors occurring in recursive multiplications of transfer and point matrices is avoided. The Newmark-${\beta}$ method is employed for time integration and the modified Newton-Raphson method for equilibrium iteration in each time step. An ITNONDL-W program based on this method using the IBM-PC/AT microcomputer is developed. Finally numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy as well as the potential of the proposed method for dynamic large deflection analysis of plates with random boundaries under various excitations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.263-263
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• 2009

The microtstructures and properties of alloys in the pseudo-binary $Bi_2Te_3-PbTe$ system were investigated as a first step towards the design of nanostructured materials with enhanced thermoelectric properties. The liquid alloys were cooled by water quenching method. Dendritic and lamellar structures were observed clearly by using environmental scanning electron microscope(eSEM) and electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA) take into account composition ratio between $Bi_2Te_3$ and PbTe. The compound $Pb_2Bi_6Te_{11}$ precipitated as a metastable phase under all conditions. The structure of those samples changed from dendritic to lamellar by increasing $Bi_2Te_3$ ratio of composition.