• Title/Summary/Keyword: step speed

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Effect of the Fall Prevention Program(EPP) on gait, balance and muscle strength in elderly women at a nursing home (낙상예방 프로그램이 양로원 여성노인의 보행, 균형 및 근력에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon, Mi-Yang;Choe, Myoung-Ae
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.5-23
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: To determine the effect of the Fall Prevention Program(EPP) on gait, balance and muscle strength in elderly women at a nursing home. Method: The subjects of this consisted of 38 elderly women between the ages of 70 to 89 years living at a nursing home located in Seoul. Each of the experimental group and control group was composed of 19 subjects. The subjects in experimental group have participated in FPP for the 8 weeks which consisted of exercise, education and foot care. They started to exercise for 40 minutes per session, 3 sessions a week during the 1st week at 40% of age adjusted maximum heart rate. From the 2nd week to the 4th week, they increased the duration of exercise to 50 minutes per session and the intensity to 60% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate. They participated in 50 minutes at 60% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate from the 5th week to the 8th week. Each exercise session consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercise, 30 minutes of conditioning exercise and 10 minutes of cooling-down exercise. They participated in education for 20 minutes per week from the 1st week to the 4th week. Then they participated in a 30-minute foot care program per week from the 5th week to the 8th week. Gait, balance and muscle strength for each subject were measured before and after FPP. Gait was evaluated by step length, step width, gait speed and walking distance. Balance was measured by the duration of standing on one leg with their eyes closed and open each, and a get-up and go test. Grip strength was measured by hand dynamometer. Hip extensor and flexor strength, knee extensor and flexor strength and ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor strength were measured by manual muscle tester. Data was analyzed using SPSS form Windows. t-test and Chi square test were utilized as a homogeneity test. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the effect of FPP. Result: 1) Step width significantly decreased, and step length, gait speed and walking distance significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group after FPP(p<0.005). 2) There was no significant change in standing time on one leg with their eyes closed after FPP. The standing time on leg with their eyes open and the time of "get-up and go" significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group after FPP(p<0.005). 3) Muscle strength-grip strength, hip extensor and flexor strength-significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group after FPP(p<0.005). 4) There was no significant difference of frequency of fall between the experimental group and control group during the period of FPP. Conclusion: These results suggest that FPP can increase gait, balance and muscle strength of elderly women at a nursing home.

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Performance Evaluation of Hybrid-SE-MMA Adaptive Equalizer using Adaptive Modulus and Adaptive Step Size (적응 모듈러스와 적응 스텝 크기를 이용한 Hybrid-SE-MMA 적응 등화기의 성능 평가)

  • Lim, Seung-Gag
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2020
  • This paper relates with the Hybrid-SE-MMA (Signed-Error MMA) that is possible to improving the equalization performance by using the adaptive modulus and adaptive step size in SE-MMA adaptive equalizer for the minimizing the intersymbol interference. The equalizer tap coefficient is updatted use the error signal in MMA algorithm for adaptive equalizer. But the sign of error signal is used for the simplification of arithmetic operation in SE-MMA algorithm in order to updating the coefficient. By this simplification, we get the fast convergence speed and the reduce the algorithm processing speed, but not in the equalization performance. In this paper, it is possible to improve the equalization performance by computer simulation applying the adaptive modulus to the SE-MMA which is proposional to the power of equalizer output signal. In order to compare the improved equalization performance compared to the present SE-MMA, the recovered signal constellation that is the output of the equalizer, residual isi, MD(maximum distortion), MSE and the SER perfomance that means the robustness to the external noise were used. As a result of computer simulation, the Hybrid-SE-MMA improve equalization performance in the residual isi and MD, MSE, SER than the SE-MMA.

A Study on Development of a Forecasting Model of Wind Power Generation for Walryong Site (월령단지 풍력발전 예보모형 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun-Goo;Lee, Yeong-Seup;Jang, Mun-Seok;Kyong, Nam-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, a forecasting model of wind speed at Walryong Site, Jeju Island is presented, which has been developed and evaluated as a first step toward establishing Korea Forecasting Model of Wind Power Generation. The forecasting model is constructed based on neural network and is trained with wind speed data observed at Cosan Weather Station located near by Walryong Site. Due to short period of measurements at Walryong Site for training statistical model Gosan Weather Station's long-term data are substituted and then transplanted to Walryong Site by using Measure-Correlate-Predict technique. One to three-hour advance forecasting of wind speed show good agreements with the monitoring data of Walryong site with the correlation factors 0.96 and 0.88, respectively.

A Study on Standard Monitoring Process in Development of High Speed Railway Vehicle (고속철도차량기술개발 표준 모니터링 절차에 대한 고찰)

  • Park, Min-Heung;Kim, Beom-Jin;Kim, Chul-Su;Choi, Deuck-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.528-535
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    • 2011
  • According to railway safety regulations for securing the railway vehicle's quality and performance, it can be partly exempted that the performance tests and production inspections on the railway vehicles which are produced and assembled for the purpose of test and research. The reasons of this exemption are for ensuring maximum autonomy and for saving time considered the development period of railway vehicle. However, it was continuously demanded the necessity of supplementation on the confirmation about railway vehicle's quality & performance. Therefore, we added "The monitoring step" which is for securing the quality and performance in high speed railway vehicle's subsystem & compartment to supplement those tests & inspections in development. In this paper, based on a standard ABS(Activity Breakdown Structure) of railway vehicle and a WBS(Work Breakdown Structure) of the railway vehicle system, we investigate the necessity of monitoring in the High speed railway vehicle development. And by comparing and analyzing the essential requirements of international standard, IRIS(International Railway Industry Standard) & TSI(Technical Specification for Interoperability), we try to examine a standard monitoring procedure.

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Energy Model Based Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Using IP Controllers

  • Mannan, Mohammad Abdul;Murata, Toshiaki;Tamura, Junji
    • Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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    • v.1 no.4
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    • pp.405-411
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    • 2012
  • This paper deals with direct torque control of an induction motor (IM) with constant switching frequency. The desired torque is obtained from the speed controller which is designed using the IP controller. Decoupling control of torque and flux is developed based on the energy model of IM using the IP controller strategies. The desired d-axis and q-axis stator voltage components are obtained from the designed controller, which decouples torque and flux. The constant switching frequency can be applied using space-vector pulse width modulation, since the desired stator voltage can be known from the decoupling torque and flux controllers. In order to achieve stable operation of the proposed IP controllers, the gains of the controllers are chosen by setting the poles in negative (left) half of s-plane and by choosing the rising time for the response of the step function. The proposed controller was verified in simulations using Matlab/Simulink and results have proven excellent performance. It was found that the proposed IP controllers can provide excellent performance to track the desired torque and speed and to reject the disturbance of load.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Fuel Consumption of Agricultural Tractor (농용 트랙터 연료소모량에 미치는 요인분석)

  • Park, Seok-Ho;Kim, Young-Jung;Im, Dong-Hyeok;Kim, Chung-Kill;Jang, Yang;Kim, Sung-Su
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.151-157
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    • 2010
  • The objective of this study was to analyze the factors affecting on fuel consumption of agricultural tractor. According to the statistical analysis, fuel consumption of agricultural tractor was considerably influenced by kind of operation, throttle engine speed and gear steps of tractor but much less by kind of soil. Specific fuel consumption of the tractor in plowing, dry paddy tilling, wet paddy tilling and wet paddy levelling was 0.33~0.36, 0.30~0.45, 0.19~0.34, 0.28~0.39 L/$kW{\cdot}h$, respectively, and $CO_2$ emission was 0.36~0.45, 0.35~0.58, 0.22~0.42, 0.24~0.37 kg/$kW{\cdot}h$, respectively. Specific fuel consumption and $CO_2$ emission increased as throttle engine speed increased but reversely proportional with gear step of tractor, by which one can reduce fuel consumption and $CO_2$ emission with practicing of "Gear up & Throttle Down" technique in paddy operations.

A Wideband High-Speed Frequency Synthesizer Using DDS (DDS를 이용한 광대역 고속 주파수 합성기)

  • Park, Beom-Jun;Park, Dong-Chul
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.25 no.12
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    • pp.1251-1257
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, a 6~13 GHz ultra high speed frequency synthesizer having minimum 30 kHz step size and minimum 500 ns frequency settling time is proposed. In order to obtain fast settling time, fine resolution, and good phase noise performance, wideband output frequencies were synthesized based on DDS(Direct Digital Synthesizer) and analog direct frequency synthesis technology. The phase noise performance of wideband frequency synthesizer was estimated by the superposition theory and its results were compared with measured ones. The measured frequency settling time was below 500 ns, phase noise was below -106 dBc @ 10 kHz at 13 GHz, and frequency accuracy was measured below ${\pm}2kHz$.

Sound Improvement of Violin Playing Robot Applying Auditory Feedback

  • Jo, Wonse;Yura, Jargalbaatar;Kim, Donghan
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.2378-2387
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    • 2017
  • Violinists learn to make better sounds by hearing and evaluating their own playing though numerous practice. This study proposes a new method of auditory feedback, which mimics this violinists' step and verifies its efficiency using experiments. Making the desired sound quality of a violin is difficult without auditory feedback even though an expert violinist plays. An algorithm for controlling a robot arm of violin playing robot is determined based on correlations with bowing speed, bowing force, and sound point that determine the sound quality of a violin. The bowing speed is estimated by the control command of the robot arm, where the bowing force and the sound point are recognized by using a two-axis load cell and a photo interrupter, respectively. To improve the sound quality of a violin playing robot, the sounds information is obtained by auditory feedback system applied Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to the sounds from a violin. This study suggests Gaussian-Harmonic-Quality (GHQ) uses sounds' clarity, accuracy, and harmonic structure in order to decide sound quality, objectively. Through the experiments, the auditory feedback system improved the performance quality by the robot accordingly, changing the bowing speed, bowing force, and sound point and determining the quality of robot sounds by GHQ sound quality evaluation system.

An Automatic Computing Algorithm of Magnitude of Each Maintenance Index Regarding Response Characteristic for Speed Control System in Rolling Process (압연 공정에서 속도제어계통의 응답특성에 대한 관리지표값들의 자동산출 알고리즘)

  • 이해영;양일화;최용환
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 2003
  • This paper presents an algorithm of automatically finding magnitude of each maintenance index regarding step response characteristic for speed control system of driving roller in rolling process. For speed response data with noise, we distinguished possible cases that the number of maximum values is 2 or more into three separate types. Also, we suggested a way of selecting a candidate for reasonable maximum overshoot in each type and developed a decision algorithm of checking whether a candidate chosen is correct maximum overshoot. In terms of two types of test, we showed that magnitude and position in time axis of maximum overshoot can be found well via such algorithm presented in this paper.

Self Tuning PI Controller of Induction Motor using Fuzzy Control (퍼지제어를 이용한 유도전동기의 자기동조 PI제어기)

  • Nam, Su-Myeong;Lee, Jung-Chul;Lee, Hong-Gyun;Lee, Young-Sil;Chung, Dong-Hwa
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2004.10a
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    • pp.173-175
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    • 2004
  • This paper presents a novel design of a self tuning PI controller of induction motor using fuzzy control. In this approach, the fuzzy tuning of a PI controller gains is achieved through fuzzy rules deduced from many robustness simulation tests applied to several induction motors, for a variety of operating conditions such as response to speed command from standstill, step load torque application and speed variations, with nominal parameters and an changed rotor resistance, self inductance and inertia. Simulation results on a speed controller of induction motor are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed gain tuner. And this controller is better than the fixed gains one in terms of robustness, even under great variations of operating conditions and load disturbance.

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