• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 2017

Recently, there has been increased attention to the development of new plant cultivars with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. To develop ginseng cultivars with such traits, systematic breeding programs and comprehensive field studies are prerequisites. In this study, we applied a pure-line selection method to identify a ginseng cultivar with enhanced stress resistance. Phenotypic and agronomic characteristics, seed yield, and physiological responses to biotic and abiotic stresses were investigated according to the guidelines of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). In the newly developed 'Kowon' cultivar, the time of emergence, flowering, and berry maturity were intermediate between those of the controls, 'Yunpoong' and 'Chunpoong'. The stem length of 'Kowon' was intermediate, whereas the root length was shorter and the main root diameter was greater than those of 'Chunpoong'. In local adaptability tests conducted in three regions, the yield of 'Kowon' was $666kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$; 27% and 4% higher than that of 'Chunpoong' and 'Yunpoong'. Diseases such as Alternaria blight, Phytophthora blight, mulberry mealybug, and nematode infestation did not occur in 'Kowon'; and it also exhibited moderate resistance to damping-off and anthracnose. In these cases, yellow spots occurred on aerial parts and the rusty skin of the root, and it exhibited moderate resistance at high temperatures. Our study demonstrates that 'Kowon', which has a high root weight and enhanced biotic/abiotic stress resistance, is a superior cultivar that could increase farmers' income.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.294-301
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the seedling quality of korean melon and the growth after transplanting of korean melon nursed under the LED sources. LED sources were RB7 (Red:Blue=14:2), RB3 (Red:Blue=12:4) and Blue(B=16). Photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) was 50, 100 and $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The lighting treatment was started after graft-taken and was applied for 20 days at 4 hours(05:30 and 07:30, 17:30 and 19:30) per day. Plant height and stem diameter of scion were longer and thicker under a high ratio of blue light condition. Dry matter ratio and compactness were highest in RB3 compared to the other LED sources treatments. $CO_2$ exchange rate increased $5.44{\mu}molCO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ under RB7 $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and dropped to negative values under control. PPFD $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ of RB3 resulted in the longest plant height by 132.3cm and flowering ratio also was the highest by 75%.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2001

Lettuces were grown hydroponically in three different nutrient solutions, normal and 30 or 50 mM $KNO_3-added$ nutrient solutions, and the electrical conductivities of the nutrient solutions were 1.0, 4.5, and 6.5 dS/m, respectively. Lettuces grown in the $KNO_3-added$ nutrient solutions showed a decrease in the germination ratio and the lower indices of growth, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width. Microsomes were prepared from the roots of lettuce and characteristics of microsomal ATPases were investigated. The activities of microsomal ATPases grown in the 30 mM and 50 mM $KNO_3-added$ nutrient solutions were higher than that grown in the normal nutrient solution. The highest activities of microsomal ATPases were observed at pH 7.0 in all culture conditions. The activities of microsomal ATPases were increased in a reaction buffer solution containing high concentration of $K^+$, whereas they were decreased in a reaction buffer containing $Na^+$. The stimulating effect of $K^+$ in the reaction buffer was greater on the microsomal ATPases of lettuces grown in the $KNO_3-added$ nutrient solutions than that grown in the normal nutrient solution. These results imply that the activities of microsomal ATPases in the root tissue are increased as increasing the $KNO_3$ concentration in the hydroponical nutrient solution.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.472-500
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• 1996

Researches on mineral nutrition, physiology and phyrsiological diseases, . cultivaction methods. brceding. pest control quality management and extension during 1976-1995 in Korea were reviewed Review in brceding and pest control was restricted to the researches directely related to cultivaction. Mineral nulrient up take. partion and varicos factors such as top dreasing. Light intersity etc. and interrelationship between minerals were investigated. Top dressing was not effective due to low minera1 requorement Physiological characteristics on tempelature light and water were well elucidated and applied to assess traditional cultivation method and its inovation. Photosyrnthetic pigments. light harvest proteins and activity of related enzymes were studied. In nitrogen metabolism arginine, praline, ammonium, threonine appeared to have important role in re growth of shoot Saponin metabolism was studied in relation to growth and new ginsenosides were found but physiological role of saponin was not clearly elucidated yet Endogenous growth regulators were reported and various erogenous growth regulators were studied for growth stimulation. short stem and seed pruning etc. Various physiological diseases were investigated for cause and control measures were established. Water culture was little studied Forest culture was studied but not retched the recommendable stage Drip irrigation straw mulching. seasonal shading and soil preparation method including soil fertility adjustment were established for practical application. Shading materials completely changed to polyethylene net and materials of polymers The research on ginseng cultivation in paddy field opened the way to establish the permanent ginseng cultivation plantation Ginseng harvester and seeder were developed in the late 1950s. Transplanted and many other machines were developed in the early 1990s. In ginseng breeding only pure line selection was of practical significance several verities were at the stage of seed propagation at ginseng plantations. Mutation breeding (${\gamma}$-ray. X-ray chemicals) was not successful. The research on plantlet formation through tissue culture was a little progressed but still far behind to vegetative propagation. Disease control research was concentrated in the isolation and identification of pathogans. their ecological charactelistics and biological control and soil humigation. Potato root rot nematodes was found and control method was established. Insect and small animal control research was greatly progresses in identification, ecological investigation, and ecological and physical control. Weed control was less important due to the development of mulching method of ridge and ditch. Quality factors of raw ginseng in relation to red ginseng process were extensively studied. Traditional quality measures were elucidated in accordance with modern analytical chemistry resulting in the importance of peptides in the centrat part rather than ginsenosides For large root production growth promoting rootzone micrcorganisms (PGPRM) were isolated and active compounds were identified. Field test on PGPRM was on going. Varictus methods formality improvement through cultivation were developed. Management research of ginseng production was rare Extension was active throuch official and private organizations and through workshop for the extension specialists, and direct lectures to grower's. Extension services made the researcher to understand the existing problems at grower's fields. Research environment for ginseng production was in prime time only for three years when Korea Ginseng Research Institute was established then gradually aggravated.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

As the molecular breeding was progressed, many plant transformation techniques were attained for improving transformation accuracy and used to produce useful transgenic plants. Day by day, new varieties were developed so new transformation techniques required for these newly developed varieties. Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a popular and economically important ornamental plant, all over the world. Keeping this in view, we selected 18 varieties of D. caryophyllus L. commonly available in the market and did optimization of culture conditions for more efficient tissue culture and to get higher number of plants via micro-propagation. Four varieties namely Yellowdotcom, Jakarta, Belmonte, Polartessino etc. were selected for organ culture studies from single cell line. The optimum growth was recorded in the MS media supplied with sucrose 3%, NAA 1.0 mg/L and TDZ 1.0 mg/L. except Belmonte, in which, BA 1.0 mg/L was found to be the best combination, in place of TDZ, rest ingredients were same. The most efficient coagulating agent used to obtain higher number of plant from callus was phytagel 0.3%. The most effective explant for higher shoot formation was stem in which 80.2% shoot formation was recorded. It also reduced culture periods by 6 days.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

The antioxidant activities of 60% ethanol extracts from different parts (leaf, stem, and root) of Artemisia argyi using an in vitro system were examined to find a possibility as natural antioxidant substances. The highest total phenolics (23.08 mg/g) was obtained by 60% ethanol extract of leaf. The scavenging activity of 60% ethanol extract from different parts of A. argyi on the DPPH and ABTS radical was raised with increasing amount of extracts, and 60% ethanol extract from leaf showed the highest radical scavenging activities. The leaf extract presented the highest reducing power and strong inhibitory effect on autooxidation of linoleic acid. In MDA formation using mouse brain homogenates, the 60% ethanol extracts of A. argyi also exhibited antioxidant activity as inhibition of MDA (71.38% at $200{\mu}g/mL$). Therefore, these results suggest that the 60% ethanol extract of A. argyi leaf possess excellent antioxidant activities and thus it has great potential as a source for natural antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.172-176
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• 2011

'Suan' is a new $F_1$ hybrid variety of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with early maturing and high oleic acid. This hybrid variety was bred by the cross between Mokpo-CGMS (male sterile line) and 8516-B-5-6-5-3 (restore line) for the production of bio-diesel and edible oil in 2006. 'Suan' has green and parted leaf, yellowish flower, and black seed coat. 'Suan' is more tolerant to lodging and stem rot compared to 'Sunmang', check variety. The ripening date of 'Suan' is June 2nd which is 6 days earlier than 'Sunmang'. Yield trials were conducted from 2006 to 2007 and regional adaptation trials were examined at five locations each in 2008 and 2009. The average seed yield of regional adaptation trials was 381 kg/10a that was 4% higher than that of 'Sunmang'. Total oil content of 'Suan' was 44.3%. Oleic acid content was 68.3%, which is 5.2% higher than 'Sunmang' but, erucic acid was not detected. Total glucosinolate content was 2.31 mg/g. Therefore, this variety is recommended as a leading variety at southwestern area including Jeonnam, Jeonbuk and Kyongnam provinces of South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.244-253
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• 2019

Purpose: Total hip arthroplasty was performed using a direct anterior approach (DAA) on an ordinary operation table and a short femoral stem. The clinical radiographic results were evaluated by a comparison with those performed using the modified hardinge (anterolateral approach, ALA) method. Materials and Methods: From January 2013 to November 2015, 102 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty using DAA (DAA group) and the same number of patients using ALA (ALA group), both performed by a single surgeon, were compared and analyzed retrospectively. The operation time and amounts of bleeding were compared, and the improvement in post-operative pain, ambulatory capacity and functional recovery of the hip joint were checked. The location of insertion of the acetabular cup and femoral stem were evaluated radiologically, and the complications that occurred in the two groups were investigated. Results: The amount of bleeding was significantly smaller in the DAA group (p=0.018). Up to 3 weeks postoperatively, recovery of hip muscle strength was significantly higher in the DAA group (flexion/extension strength p=0.023, abduction strength p=0.031). The Harris hip score was significantly better in the DAA group for up to 3 months (p<0.001) and the Koval score showed significantly better results in the DAA group up to 6 weeks (p≤0.001). The visual analogue scale score improvement was significantly higher in the DAA group by day 7 (p=0.035). The inclination angle (p<0.001) and anteversion angle (p<0.001) of the acetabular cup were located in the safe zone of the DAA group more than in the ALA group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the position of the femur stem and leg length difference. During surgery, two cases of greater trochanter fracture occurred in the DAA group (p=0.155). Conclusion: The DAA performed in the ordinary operation table using a short femoral stem showed post-operative early functional recovery. Because a simple to use fluoroscope was used during surgery with an anatomical position familiar to the surgeon, it is considered to be useful for the insertion of implants into the desired position and for an approach that is useful for the prevention of leg length differences.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.78.2-79
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• 2003

Pepper defensin ( CADEFl) clone was isolated from cDNA library constructed from pepper leaves infected with avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xanthomonu campestris pv. vesicatoria. The deduced amino acid sequence of CADEFl is 82-64％ identical to that of other plant defensins. Putative protein encoded by CADEFl gene consists of 78 amino acids and 8 conserved cysteine residues to form four structure-stabilizing disulfide bridges. Transcription of the CADEF1 gene was earlier and stronger induced by X campestris pv. vesicatoria infection in the incompatible than in the compatible interaction. CADEF1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in stem, root and green fruit of pepper. Transcripts of CADEFl gene drastically accumulated in pepper leaf tissues treated With Salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen Peroxide (H$_2$O$_2$), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and DL-${\beta}$-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA). In situ hybridization results revealed that CADEF1 mRNA was localized in the phloem areas of vascular bundles in leaf tissues treated with exogenous SA, MeJA and ABA. Strong accumulation of CADEF1 mRNA occurred in pepper leaves in response to wounding, high salinity and drought stress. These results suggest that bacterial pathogen infection, abiotic elicitors and some environmental stresses may play a significant role in signal transduction pathway for CADEF1 gene expression.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.420-423
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• 1999

A Sciarid fly, Lycoriella mali was a serious pest in commercial production of the cultivated mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. It was found in light trap and compost samples taken from mushroom houses during all growing seasons. The fly population 'was increased with the development of mushroom growth, the larvae occurred about 30 days after spawn inoculation in compost. The highest population was developed spring cultivation season (March to June) and decreased during summer season (August to September). The larvae feed on mycellium and compost; injury to the growing mushroom mycellium and the subsequent consumption of the primordia; they entered and tunneld sporospore stem and infect pinhead formation which would be resulted in decrease of mushroom yield.