• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1434-1440
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• 2011

In this paper, we assessed muscular activities of lower limbs and foot pressure for car and bus drivers according to operating three electronic pedals that we developed. To analyze drivers' physical exhaustion, muscular fatigue of lower limbs was evaluated. Eleven car drivers and six urban bus drivers were participated in this experiment. The virtual driving system was used for the real driving environment. The virtual driving system was comprised of a spring seat, a steering wheel, pedals (clutch, excel and brake pedals), a manual transmission and a virtual driving simulation. For the real vibration like situation on the road, six degree of freedom motion base system was used. Measured muscles were rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (Gn) muscles. For the quantitative muscular activities, integrated electromyography (IEMG) was analyzed. Muscular fatigues also were analyzed through the analysis of the median frequency. In addition, foot pressures were analyzed and compared through the peak and averaged pressure during the operating three developed electronic pedals. The experiments are conducted with total 17 drivers, 11 general public and 6 drivers. As a result of the analysis, electromyogram and fatigue analysis through intermediate frequency reduction for pedal-1 more efficient than other pedals. And foot pressure also was decreased. Consequently, we suggested the most efficient pedal and method to minimize the amount of cumulative fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 1996

Most of the ShipHandling Simulators of full-mission-bridge system need vast area to install and even PC-based maneuvering simulators are often equipped with Steering Wheel or Engine Telegraphe etc. of data input interface, which necessarily makes the user face with excessive financial burden. These have been one of the obstacles for the officers, captains, pilots and students in access to maneuvering simulation whenever they want to try it in advance prior to actual ship maneuvering. Subsequently, all the officers and captains come to have little chances to train themselves until they arualified as a pilot after a long period of time of realship maneuvering practice on board, which means they have to control they have to control their own ship at sea without clear understanding on her maneuverability when they are forced to do it on the way. And these lack of capability for maneuvering have used so often to result in marine casualties of collision with other ships or pier facilities while maneuvering in harbor. To prevent those accidents by means of enhancing their maneuvering ability, PC-based DeskTop Simulator that allows anyong to access readily at anytime is needed and in conformation to such demand this simulator has been developed. The Software this simulator written in Turbo Pascal Ver. 5.0 has adopted MMG mathmatical model theoretically in part and also it was designed to make it possible that all numeric data inputs and outputs with graphic presentation for maneuvering operation be carried out just only with keyboard and monitor console. With the Simulation software, all the officers, captains, pilots and even students who has a proper computer at hand are expected to be able to make an attempt to simulate the maneuvering of their ownship or any other types of them at any port in which they want to do it.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.81.1-81.12
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• 2023

Background: The incidence of colic and the outcomes of colic surgery have not been surveyed in racetracks in Korea. Objectives: This study examined the incidence, mortality, and case fatality of colic and investigated the effects of age and sex after an exploratory celiotomy on the long-term survival rate (return to racing), subsequent racing performance, and career longevity. Methods: The incidence, mortality, and case fatalities of colic were examined over an 11-year period. The records of 40 horses that had undergone a celiotomy, after participating in at least one race and 75 race-matched control horses were analyzed. The racing performance and career length of the horses that returned to racing post-surgery were compared with a control group. Results: The annual incidence, fatality rate of colic, and annual mortality rate at Seoul Racecourse were 6.5, 2.8 per 100 horse-years, and 0.2 deaths cases per 100 horse-years, respectively. Of the 40 horses that underwent colic surgery, 26 (65%) returned to racing. The likelihood of returning to racing decreased with increasing age of the horses, and geldings had a lower probability of returning. While the performance in the five preoperative races between the two groups was not significantly different, a significant decrease in racing performance was observed after the surgery date (p < 0.01). Horses that underwent colic surgery did not show a significant decrease in career length. Conclusions: Surgical treatment for colic at the age of three and four years had a negative impact on the racing performance. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in career longevity between the two groups.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.218-227
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• 2020

Background: The national Public-Private Mix (PPM) tuberculosis (TB) control project provides for the comprehensive management of TB patients at private hospitals in South Korea. Surveillance and monitoring of TB under the PPM project are essential toward achieving TB elimination goals. Methods: TB is a nationally notifiable disease in South Korea and is monitored using the surveillance system. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention quarterly generates monitoring indicators for TB management, used to evaluate activities of the PPM hospitals by the central steering committee of the national PPM TB control project. Based on the notification date, TB patients at PPM hospitals were enrolled in each quarter, forming a cohort, and followed up for at least 12 months to identify treatment outcomes. This report analyzed the dataset of cohorts the first quarter of 2016 through the fourth quarter of 2017. Results: The coverage of sputum, smear, and culture tests among the pulmonary TB cases were 92.8% and 91.5%, respectively. The percentage of positive sputum smear and culture test results were 30.7% and 61.5%, respectively. The coverage of drug susceptibility tests among the culture-confirmed cases was 92.8%. The treatment success rate among the smear-positive drug-susceptible cases was 83.2%. The coverage of latent TB infection treatment among the childhood TB contacts was significantly higher than that among the adult contacts (85.6% vs. 56.0%, p=0.001). Conclusion: This is the first official report to analyze monitoring indicators, describing the current status of the national PPM TB control project. To sustain its effect, strengthening the monitoring and evaluation systems is essential.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.135-159
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• 2014

Industrial insect is defined as the insect utilized in industries that creates added value. Most of the industrial insects used in Korea are exotic species that are introduced through artificial means. Despite the rapid expansion of market for industrial insects, the system for risk assessment of industrial insects is not being adequately conducted. Although Korea carries out a risk assessment for the species designated as disease and insect pest by Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, far too little consideration is being given to overall ecosystem, as the control system is covered in the Plant Quarantine Law. To solve this problem, we analyzed the Korean risk assessment system and looked at systems in other countries. The results show that it is essential for stakeholders to reach an agreement to set up fundamental directions for the system. Unless the integration system of taxonomical and ecological information is prepared, the ecological risk assessment should be conservative to protect ecosystems and should also follow the precautionary principle. It also requires cooperation among the ministries. In addition, the results indicated that a differentiation between risk assessment and screening is urgent. Several solutions such as setting up clear objectives in both assessment and screening stages, target species, steering organization and assessment criteria assessment systems from were proposed as practical institutional strategies. Among many foreign countries the assessment system from Ireland equally considers various factors such as economical, ecological safety and management aspects, It is also based on precautionary principle to fulfil its original purpose. It was suggested that the Ireland system would be the best reference that can be modified and applied into the Korean system by considering distinct characteristics of the industrial insects.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2004

The high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) newly installed in KBSI is an advanced transmission electron microscope capable of atomic resolution (${\leq}1.2{\AA}$ point-to-point resolution) together with high titling function (${\pm}60^{\circ}$), which are suitable to do 3-dimensional atomic imaging of a specimen. In addition, the instrument can be controlled by remote operation system, named as 'FasTEM' for the HVEM, which is favorable to overcome some environmental obstacles resulting from the direct operation. The FasTEM remote operation system has been established between the headquarter of KBSI in Daejeon and the Seoul branch. The server system in the headquarter has been connected with a portable client console system in the Seoul branch using an advanced internet resource, 'KOREN' of 155 Mbps grade. Most of the HVEM functions essential to do remote operation are available on the portable client console. The experiment to acquire the high resolution image of [001] Au has been achieved by excellent transmission of control signals and communication with the HVEM. Real-time reaction like direct operation, such as controls of the illumination and projection parameters, acquisition and adjustment of each detector signal, and electrical steering of each motor-driven system has been realized in remote site. It is positively anticipated that the first remote operation of HVEM in conjunction with IT infraengineering plays a important role in constructing the network based e-Science Grid in Korea for national user s facilities.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.637-646
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the adaptive device for severe physical disabilities using smart device in the driving simulator and its performance evaluation. Development of appropriate driving adaptive device for the people with serious physical limitation could contribute to maintain their community mobility. Background: There is lack of adaptive driving devices for the people with disabilities in Korea. However, if smart device systems like iPod and iPhone are used for driving a car, the people with serious physical limitations can improve their community mobility. Method: Both gyroscope and accelerometer from iPod were used to measure the tilted angle of the smart device for driving. Customized Labview program was also used to control three axis motors for steering wheel, accelerator and brake pedals. Thirteen subjects were involved in the experiment for performance evaluation of smart device in simulator. Five subjects had driver licenses. Another four subjects did not have driver licenses. Others were people with disabilities. Results: Average driving score of the normal group with driver license in the simulator increased 46.6% compared with the normal group without driver license and increased 30.4% compared with the disabled group(p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the average driving score between normal group without driver license and disabled group(p>0.05). Conclusion: The normal group with driver license showed significantly higher driving score than other groups. The normal group without driver license and disabled group could improve their driving skills with training in simulator. Application: If follow-up studies would be continued and applied in adapted vehicle for on road environment, many people with more severe disabilities could drive and improve the quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.578-584
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• 2015

In this study a moving platform for a mobile robot that can be traveling with a full automatic standing arm was developed. Conventional mobile robots generally may equip 4 wheels or 3 wheels with a caster wheel or independent driven wheels and have good statistic stability. When a mobile robot travels on a sharply perpendicular and narrow crossroad, it may need a special steering scheme such as going forward and backward repeatedly or it is sometimes physically impossible for the robot to go through the crossroad because of the size limit. The upright running mobile robot changes its posture to the upright posture which has a small planar area and is able to go through the crossroad. The upright control which was manually performed step by step before such as sequences of uprighting (returning), checking, and balancing, is now automated.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1089-1097
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• 2002

In this paper, the novel shipboard Active Phased Array Antenna(APAA) system for maritime mobile satellite communications is introduced. The antenna uses novel technologies like wide range hybrid tracking, single antenna elements with both of Rx and Tx, asymmetrical array structure, interference isolation between Rx and Tx, and error correction method from frequency scan effect. The antenna has single aperture for both of Rx and Tx with 32 $\times$ 4 two-dimensional array. The antenna has two beams. Its frequencies are 7.25 ~ 7.75 GHz for Rx and 7.9 ~ 8.4 GHz for Tx. The antenna gains are 35.4 dBi for Rx and 35.7 dBi for Tx, those are 54 % of efficiency. The electrically steering ranges are $\pm$35$^{\circ}$ of elevation direction and $\pm$4$^{\circ}$ of azimuth direction. The mechanical control ranges at hybrid tracking capability are continuous 360$^{\circ}$ of azimuth direction and $\pm$10$^{\circ}$ of elevation direction. The antenna has 2.2$^{\circ}$ of 3 dB beamwidth, -14 dB of sidelobe level, and 21 dB of cross-pol suppression. The antenna performance was measured by near field measurement set. Its system performance was tested on the ship motion simulator and with the satellite transponder simulator. The test result showed that its tracking error was within -3 dB from its peak gain under motion condition. The antenna system was tested by real modulated Direct Broadcasting Satellite(DBS) signals to check its communication processing function.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1156-1169
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• 2000

The study was aimed at developing an independent hospice center model that would be best suited for Korea based on a literature review and the current status of local and international hospices. For the study, five local and six international hospice organizations were surveyed. Components of the hospice center model include philosophy, purpose, resources (workers, facilities, and equipment), allocation of resources, management, financial support and hospice team service. The following is a summary of the developed model: Philosophies for the hospice center were set as follows: based on the dignity of human life and humanism, help patients spend the rest of their days in a meaningful way and accept life positively. On the staff side, to pursue a team-oriented holistic approach to improve comfort and quality of life for terminally ill persons and their families. The hospice center should have 20 beds with single, two, and four bed rooms. The center should employ, either on a part-time or full-time basis, a center director, nurses, doctors, chaplains, social workers, pharmacists, dieticians, therapists, and volunteers. In addition, it will need an administrative staff, facility managers and nurses aides. The hospice should also be equipped with facilities for patients, their families, and team members, furnished with equipment and goods at the same level of a hospital. represented by a center director who reports to a board and an advisory committee. Also, the center director administers a steering committee and five departments, namely, Administration, Nursing Service, Social Welfare, Religious Services, and Medical Service. Furthermore, the center should be able to utilize a direct and support delivery systems. The direct delivery system allows the hospice center to receive requests from, or transfer patients to, hospitals, clinics, other hospice organizations (by type), public health centers, religious organizations, social welfare organizations, patients, and their guardians. On the other hand, the support delivery system provides a link to outside facilities of various medical suppliers. In terms of management, details were made with regards to personnel management, records, infection control, safety, supplies and quality management. For financial support, some form of medical insurance coverage for hospice services, ways to promote a donation system and fund raising were examined. Hospice team service to be provided by the hospice center was categorized into assessment, physical care, emotional care, spiritual care, bereavement service, medication, education and demonstrations, medical supplies rental, request service, volunteer service, and respite service. Based on the results, the study has drawn up the following suggestions: 1. The proposed model for a hospice center as presented in the study needs to be tested with a pilot project. 2. Studies on criteria for legal approval and license for a hospice center need to be conducted to develop policies. 3. Studies on developing a hospice charge system and hospice standards that meet local conditions in Korea need to be conducted.