• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 숙성온도와 숙성기간이 한우 거세우 배최장근의 육질 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 숙성온도를 0, $4^{\circ}C$로 하여 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 49일 동안 숙성하면서 한우 거세우 배최장근의 pH, 전단력, MFI, 가열 및 육즙감량, 전자현미경 관찰, 관능검사 및 아미노산 조성을 분석하였다. pH는 숙성온도가 $0^{\circ}C$일 때 숙성 21일까지, 숙성온도가 $4^{\circ}C$일 때 숙성 14일까지 증가하다가 감소하였다(p<0.05). 전단력 값은 숙성 14일부터 28일까지 $4^{\circ}C$에서 숙성한 배최장근이 $4^{\circ}C$보다 유의적으로 낮았고, 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 연도가 향상되었다(p<0.05). MFI의 경우 $4^{\circ}C$에서 숙성한 배최장근 보다 $0^{\circ}C$에서 높은 경향을 보였고, 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). $0^{\circ}C$에서 숙성한 배최장근의 가열 및 육즙감량이 $4^{\circ}C$보다 적은 경향이었고, 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 관능검사에서 연도와 다즙성은 $0^{\circ}C$에서 숙성한 배최장근이 $4^{\circ}C$ 보다 좋은 평가를 보였고, 숙성기간이 경과하면서 유의적으로 높은 평가를 얻었다(p<0.05). 전자현미경에 의한 미세구조 변화는 $4^{\circ}C$에서 숙성한 배최장근이 $0^{\circ}C$보다 1주일 빠르게 Z-disk의 붕괴가 확실하게 관찰되었고, 숙성기간이 경과하면서 Z-disk의 붕괴정도가 많아졌다. 아미노산 함량 변화는 $4^{\circ}C$에서 숙성한 배최장근이 $0^{\circ}C$보다 높은 경향이었고, 숙성기간이 경과하면서 각 아미노산 조성의 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 한우 거세우 등심의 최적 숙성 조건은 $0^{\circ}C$에서는 14일간, $4^{\circ}C$에서는 7일간 숙성하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료되며, 향후 숙성기술의 산업적 적용을 위하여 한우의 부위 및 근육별 적정 숙성기간 설정 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.393-400
• /
• 2006

현미의 한우에 대한 사료가치 평가를 위해 옥수수 50%와 100%를 현미로 대체한 배합사료의 반추위 발효성상, in situ 영양소 분해율, in vivo 전장소화율을 측정한 바 결과는 다음과 같다. 옥수수와 현미의 체내 영양소 소화율과 영양가는 유사하였으나 반추위 내 분해율은 현미가 옥수수에 비하여 빠르게 나타났다. 옥수수와 현미가 함유된 시험사료를 급여한 후 반추위 pH는 시험사료 간 차이를 보이지 않았으나 NH3-N 농도는 현미 급여수준이 증가할수록 낮아졌다(P<0.05). 반추위액의 총휘발성지방산 함량은 옥수수구가 현미구에 비하여 높게 나타났으며, 초산과 프로피온산 비율(A/P)은 옥수수구에 비해 현미를 급여한 구에서 높은 수치를 보였다(P<0.05).이러한 결과를 볼 때 소 사료에 옥수수를 대체하여 현미를 사용하는 것에 영양학적으로 문제가 되지 않으며, 특히 곡류사료 위주 사양체계 하에서 낮은 초산과 프로피온산 비율에 대한 현미의 긍정적인 효과가 기대되어 이러한 곡류 내 가용성탄수화물의 이용성에 대한 다양한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.604-609
• /
• 2008

한우도체의 육량등급요인인 도체중, 등지방두께 및 배장근단면적과 이들 요인으로 산정된 육량지수와 육량등급은 성 및 출하체중 별로 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 설정된 성별 도체의 소매 정육량 예측식은 적합도($R^2$)가 높아 유통현장에서 도체의 상품가치를 손상시키지 않고 신속하고 정확하며 저비용으로 소매 정육량을 예측하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있으며 또한 국가에서는 소고기 수급계획 수립에 활용하고 브랜드한우단체 등에서는 직판장의 공급량 결정에 이용할 수 있겠다. 한우도체의 판매정육량을 좀더 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 추정식을 산출하기 위해서는 성별로 도체중, 등지방두께 및 배장근면적과 같은 측정요인이 출하체중 증가에 따라 균일하게 발현되도록 효과적인 개량과 사양관리가 선결되어야 하겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권11호
• /
• pp.1629-1640
• /
• 2015

This study was performed to compare carcass traits, sensory characteristics, physiochemical composition, and contents of nucleotides, collagen, and free amino acids among quality grades (QG) and to understand the association between QG and above parameters in loin and rump of Korean cattle steer. Loin and rump samples were obtained from 48 Korean cattle steers with each of four QG (QG 1++, 1+, 1, and 2; average 32 months of age). Carcass weight and marbling score (MS) were highest in QG 1++, whereas texture score measured by a meat grader was highest in QG 2. A correlation analysis revealed that MS (r = 0.98; p<0.01) and fat content (r = 0.73; p<0.01) had strong positive correlations with QG and that texture had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.78) with QG. Fat content in loin was highest but protein and moisture contents were lowest in QG 1++. Our results confirmed that a major determinant of QG is the MS; thus, intramuscular fat content. The International Commission on Illumination $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values in loin were highest in QG 1++. Numeric values of shear force in loin were lowest in QG 1++, whereas those of tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability tended to be highest in QG 1++ without statistical significance. QG was strongly correlated with juiciness (r = 0.81; p<0.01) and overall acceptability (r = 0.87; p<0.001). All sensory characteristics were higher (p<0.05) in loin than those in rump. Adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) and inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP) contents in both loin and rump did not differ among QGs. No nucleotide (AMP, IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine) was correlated with any of the sensory traits. Total, soluble, and insoluble collagen contents in loin were higher in QG 1++ than those in QG 1. All three collagens had lower content in loin than that in rump. All three collagens were positively correlated with tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability. Glutamic acid content did not significantly differ among the four QGs in either loin or rump. In conclusion, it is confirmed that QG is associated with sensory traits but nucleotide contents in beef may not be a major factor determining meat palatability in the present study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권7호
• /
• pp.1202-1208
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify a distribution pattern of meat quality grade (MQG) as a function of carcass yield index (CYI) and the gender of Hanwoo (bull, cow, and steer) to determine the optimum point between both yield and quality. We also attempted to identify how pre- and post-deboning variables affect the gender-specific beef quality of Hanwoo. Methods: A total of 31 deboning variables, consisting of 7 pre-deboning and 24 post-deboning variables from bulls (n = 139), cows (n = 69), and steers (n = 153), were obtained from the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) in South Korea. The database was reconstructed to be suitable for a statistical significance test between the CYI and the MQG as well as classification of meat quality. Discriminant function analysis was used for classifying MQG using the deboning parameters of Hanwoo by gender. Results: The means of CYI according to 1+, 1, 2, and 3 of MQG were 68.64±2.02, 68.85±1.94, 68.62±5.88, and 70.99±3.32, respectively. High carcass yield correlated with low-quality grade, while high-quality meat most frequently was obtained from steers. The classification ability of pre-deboning parameters was higher than that of post-deboning parameters. Moisture and the shear force were the common significant parameters in all discriminant functions having a classification accuracy of 80.6%, 71%, and 56.9% for the bull, cow, and steer, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides basic information for predicting the meat quality by gender using pre-deboning variables consistent with the actual grading index.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.606-614
• /
• 2018

It is important to understand how marbling traits and tenderness differ among beef steaks from the carcass grading site and other regions within the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, as these characteristics are closely associated with consumer acceptability and willingness to purchase. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the marbling fleck traits and objective tenderness parameters in the groups classified by the coarseness index (CI) of marbling fleck (high and low groups) at the carcass grading site ($13^{th}$ thoracic vertebra; 13T) and three different locations (13T, 9T, and 6T) within the LT muscle from well-marbled (marbling score 7 to 9) Hanwoo steer. Image analysis showed that the longitudinal locations had a significant effect on marbling fleck traits. The total area of large marbling fleck divided by the total marbling area (coarseness) was higher at the central region (13T to 12T) compared to the front thoracic region (6T to 5T) in the high CI group (0.23 vs. 0.17, p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed in the total number of marbling fleck within the LT muscle in the high or low CI groups (p>0.05). Location effect on objective tenderness parameters within the LT muscle was somewhat limited, although the high CI group had a lower Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) value than did the low group (p<0.05). Taken together, the degree of coarseness of marbling fleck decreased from the carcass grading site to the front thoracic site, whereas the objective tenderness parameters, including WBS and hardness, of the grading site did not differ from the other regions within the LT muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권8호
• /
• pp.1114-1123
• /
• 2014

The study was designed to evaluate the effect of 2% seamustard (Undaria pinnatifida) by-product (SW) on growth performance, immunity, carcass characteristics, cholesterol content and fatty acid profile in Hanwoo steers. A total of 20 Hanwoo steers (ave. 22 months old; 619 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to control (basal diet) and 2% SW supplemented diet. Dietary SW supplementation significantly (p<0.05) improved average daily gain and gain:feed ratio as well as serum immunoglobulin G concentration. Chemical composition and quality grade of meat and carcass yield grades evaluated at the end of the trial were found to be unaffected by SW supplementation. Dietary SW significantly reduced meat cholesterol concentration (p<0.05). Dietary SW supplementation significantly reduced the myristic acid (C14:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:ln-7) concentration, while SW increased the concentration of stearic acid (C18:0) and linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) compared to control (p<0.05). Dietary SW supplementation had no effect on saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids, poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or mono unsaturated fatty acid content in muscles. A reduced ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 were found in SW supplemented group (p<0.05). In conclusion, 2% SW supplementation was found to improve growth, immunity and fatty acid profile with significantly reduced cholesterol of beef.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
• /
• pp.23-23
• /
• 2017

Recent favor on high quality food and concern on food safety have demonstrated the superiority of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle). In general, the price of cow is higher than those of steer and bull, causing cheating issues in the market. Hence, this study is to discriminate genders of Hanwoo with identification of factors which highly influence gender discrimination based on the big-size deboning data. Totally, there were 31 variables in the deboning data, and we divided into them two categories: data obtained before and after deboning. Discriminant function analysis was then applied into the data to determined the accuracy of gender discrimination in Hanwoo. The result showed that Hanwoo could be classified by gender with 99.2% of accuracy when using all 31 variables. In detail, it was possible to identify 93 of 94 bulls (98.9%), 96 of 96 cows (100%) and 74 of 75 steers (98.7%). The most significant variables was chuck, sirloin, armbone shin, plates, retail and cuts percentage, sequentially. With variables obtainable before deboning, accuracies of classification were 91.5% for bulls, 92.7% for cows, and 89.3% for steers. The most significant variables was water, cold carcass weight and back-fat thickness. The discrimination accuracy was higher with data obtainable after deboning: bulls (98.9%), cows (99.0%) and steers (98.7%). In this case, chuck, sirloin and armbone shin were the factors determined the classification ability. This study showed that Hanwoo can be classified based on deboning data with appropriate statistics, further suggesting weight of cut of beef might be the standard for gender classification.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2003

Regarding the fattening of younger cattle that the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) recommends in Japan, this study looked at vitamin A control in feed and blood and its effect on performance of production and carcass composition of Wagyu steers. Five sets from 10 Wagyu artificial identical twins were divided to into 2 groups, a restricted group (Test) and a supplied group (Control). The body weight at the finishing time of the Test was significantly lower than that of the Control (p<0.05). The daily gain from 13 to 21 months old, as the animals in the Test were fed the concentrated feed without Vitamin A, was significantly different (p<0.05) between the Test and the Control. The total daily gains for the Test and the Control for the fattening period were 0.82 kg/day and 0.93 kg/day, respectively, which showed a significant difference (p<0.01). Regarding the rib thickness, the Test was thinner than the Control. The Beef Marbling Scores of the Test and Control were 3.60 and 2.80, respectively. The muscle weight of the Test was significantly smaller than that of the Control (p<0.01). However, regarding the ratio to the carcass, the Test was significantly higher than the Control (p<0.05). For the fat weight, the Test was smaller by about 15 kg than the Control (p<0.01). Furthermore, for the fat ratio to the carcass, the Test was significantly lower than the Control (p<0.05). The bone weights of the two groups were approximately the same. Regarding the ratio of bone to carcass, the Test was higher than the Control (p<0.01). For the younger fattening method, the low level vitamin A in the serum had the effect that the muscle ratio to the carcass weight was greater and the fat was less, but the carcass and muscle weight were less.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.784-788
• /
• 2008

Studies to detect genes responsible for economic traits in farm animals have been performed using parametric linear models. A non-parametric, model-free approach using the 'expanded multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method' considering high dimensionalities of interaction effects between multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), was applied to identify interaction effects of SNPs responsible for carcass traits in a Hanwoo beef cattle population. Data were obtained from the Hanwoo Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperation Federation, Korea, and comprised 299 steers from 16 paternal half-sib proven sires that were delivered in Namwon or Daegwanryong livestock testing stations between spring of 2002 and fall of 2003. For each steer at approximately 722 days of age, the Longssimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) was measured after slaughter. Three functional SNPs (19_1, 18_4, 28_2) near the microsatellite marker ILSTS035 on BTA6, around which the QTL for meat quality were previously detected, were assessed. Application of the expanded MDR method revealed the best model with an interaction effect between the SNPs 19_1 and 28_2, while only one main effect of SNP19_1 was statistically significant for LMA (p<0.01) under a general linear mixed model. Our results suggest that the expanded MDR method better identifies interaction effects between multiple genes that are related to polygenic traits, and that the method is an alternative to the current model choices to find associations of multiple functional SNPs and/or their interaction effects with economic traits in livestock populations.