• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.305-317
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• 2018

Steel reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) components have been proposed for seismic structural applications, for example in coupling beams, infill panels, joints, columns, and flexural members. The development of strain in the steel reinforcement of cementitious components has been shown to vary based on both the steel reinforcement ratio and the applied deformation history. Strain in the steel reinforcement of reinforced ECC components is an important structural response metric because ultimate failure is often by fracture of the steel reinforcement. A recently proposed bond-slip model has been successfully calibrated to cyclically tested reinforced ECC beams wherein the deformation history contained monotonically increasing cycles. This paper reports simulations of two-dimensional finite element models of reinforced ECC beams to determine the appropriateness and significance of altering a phenomenological bond-slip model based on the applied deformation history. The numerical simulations with various values of post-peak bond-slip softening stiffness are compared to experimental results. Varying the post-peak bond-slip softening stiffness had little effect on the cracking patterns and hysteretic response of the reinforced ECC flexural models tested, which consisted of two different steel reinforcement ratios subjected to two different deformation histories. Varying the post-peak bond-slip softening stiffness did, however, affect the magnitude of strain and the length of reinforcing bar that strain-hardened. Overall, a numerical model with a constant bond-slip model represented well various responses in reinforced ECC beams with multiple steel reinforcement ratios subjected to different deformation histories.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2000

When RC beams are strengthening in flexure with steel plate, they have initial strain due to dead load. Strain of steel used in strengthening member is zero. The effect of strengthening in flexure at member changes in accordance with the quantity of initial strain. But in most cases, Quantity of reinforcement is determined without regard to the difference of initial strain when there are calculated the strengthening in flexure at beams. Such method is possible to suggest inadequate quantity of reinforcement. Thus, the object of the study is to suggest practical design equation and reinforcement proposal using comparison and analysis reinforcement efficiency about fexural strength in case with regard and without regard to the initial strain when Re beams are strengthening in flexure with steel plate.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2001

When RC beams are strengthened for flexure with steel plate, reinforced member has initial strain due to the dead load and is subject to partial damage. Strain of steel strengthening is zero at initial state. The effect of strengthening flexural member might be influenced by the quantity of initial strain. In this study, when He beams are strengthened for flexure with steel plate, its behavior is experimentally compared for the reinforcement efficiency of members due to the existence of different levels of initial strain. It is confirmed that reinforcement efficiency varies depending on the difference of initial strain.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.241-248
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• 2001

The ductility of circular hollow reinforced concrete columns with one layer of longitudinal and spiral reinforcement placed near the outside face of the section and the steel tube placed on the inside face of the section is investigated. Such hollow sections are confined through the wall thickness since the steel tube is placed. The results of analytical moment-curvature analyses for such hollow sections are compared with those for the circular section with the sane diameter. In this study, moment-curvature analyses are conducted with Mandel's confined concrete stress-strain relationship in which the effect of confinement is to increase the compression strength and ultimate strain of concrete. The moment-curvature analyses confirmed that the ductility is primarily influenced on the ultimate strain. The variables influenced on the ultimate strain is the ratio and yield strength of confining reinforcement and the compression strength for confined concrete. From this ultimate strain - the transverse reinforcement ratio relationship, the transverse reinforcement ratio for circular hollow reinforced columns with confinement is proposed. The proposed transverse reinforcement ratio is confirmed by experimental results.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2010

이 연구는 국내에서 생산되고 있는 철근이 반복하중을 받는 경우의 파괴 특성에 대한 검증을 목적으로 한다. 이 논문은 철근콘크리트 하부구조(파일과 교각)에 배근된 축방향 철근에 대한 저주파 피로 거동을 다루었다. 전체 81개의 철근 실험체에 대하여 변형률 진폭에 따른 반복 축방향 변형률 제어 방식으로 저주파 피로 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 변수는 인장변형률과 압축변형률의 비율, 축방향 철근의 항복강도, 철근지름에 대한 철근길이의 비율, 철근의 크기와 변형률 진폭으로 선택하였다. 이 논문에서 실험 결과에 따른 저주파 피로 거동과 저주파 피로 수명을 분석하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2005

In the design of reinforced concrete beams, it is a standard practice to use the yield stress of the steel reinforcement for the evaluation of the flexural strength. However, because of strain hardening, the tensile strength of the steel reinforcement is often substantially higher than the yield stress. Thus, it is a common belief that the actual flexural strength should be higher than the theoretical flexural strength evaluated with strain hardening ignored. The possible increase in flexural strength due to strain hardening is a two-edge sword. In some cases, it may be treated as strength reserve contributing to extra safety. In other cases, it could lead to greater shear demand causing brittle shear failure of the beam or unexpected greater capacity of the beam causing violation of the strong column-weak beam design philosophy. Strain hardening may also have certain effect on the flexural ductility. In this paper, the effects of strain hardening on the post-peak flexural behaviour, particularly the flexural strength and ductility, of reinforced normal- and high-strength concrete beams are studied. The results reveal that the effects of strain hardening could be quite significant when the tension steel ratio is relatively small.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2004

In this paper, we modify the L-L model (Li et al. 2003) and extend the application of this model to concrete confined by both steel reinforcement and CFRP. Thirty-six concrete cylinders with a dimension of ${\varphi}30{\times}60$ cm were tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The experimental test results show that different types of steel reinforcement have a great effect on the compressive strength of concrete cylinders confined by steel reinforcement, but the different types of steel reinforcement have very little effect on concrete cylinders confined by both steel reinforcement and CFRP. Compared with the stress-strain curves of confined concrete cylinders, we can conclude that the proposed model can provide more effective prediction than others models.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2017

이 연구는 한계상태설계법을 기반으로 하는 도로교설계기준에 의해 철근콘크리트 휨부재 설계 시 적용하는 균형철근비와 최대 철근량에 대한 규정을 검토한 것이다. 현행 도로교설계기준(한계상태설계법)에서는 휨부재 철근량 산정의 기준이 되는 균형철근비에 대한 명시적 규정이 없고, 휨모멘트 재분배 효과를 반영한 최대 중립축 깊이 및 콘크리트 단면적의 0.04배로서 최대 철근량을 산정한다. 그런데, 최대 중립축 깊이 규정에 의하면 최대 철근량이 적게 산정되어 단면을 크게 하여야 하며, 콘크리트 단면적의 0.04배라는 한계값이 적용될 경우에는 인장 철근의 변형률이 항복 변형률의 2배 이하로 되어 충분한 연성거동을 보장할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 이 연구에서는 연성거동을 확보할 수 있는 휨부재 설계를 위한 사용 철근량 산정의 기준이 되는 균형철근비를 극한한계상태 검증 규정 및 재료 특성과 콘크리트 기준압축강도에 따른 극한한계변형률을 도입하여 설계 실무에 적용할 수 있도록 간편한 식으로 유도하였다. 그리고, 설계된 휨부재가 충분한 연성이 확보되도록 인장철근의 최소허용변형률을 항복변형률의 2배로 가정하고 철근의 기준항복강도 및 콘크리트 기준압축강도에 상관없이 만족할 수 있도록 최대 중립축 깊이 비 보정계수를 도입하여 수정하고, 이로부터 최대철근비를 산정할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.567-575
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• 2019

In order to investigate the dynamic impact resistance of steel fiber reinforced full light-weight concretes, we implemented drop weight impact test on a total of 6 reinforced beams with 0, 1 and 2%, steel fiber volume fraction. The purpose of this test was to determine the failure modes of beams under different impact energies. Then, we compared and analyzed the time-history curves of impact force, midspan displacement and reinforcement strain. The obtained results indicated that the deformations of samples and their steel fibers were proportional to impact energy, impact force, and impact time. Within reasonable ranges of parameter values, the effects of impact size and impact time were similar for all volumetric contents of steel fibers, but they significantly affected the crack propagation mechanism and damage characteristics of samples. Increase of the volumetric contents of steel fibers not only effectively reduced the midspan displacement and reinforcement strain of concrete samples, but also inhibited crack initiation and propagation such that cracks were concentrated in the midspan areas of beams and the frequency of cracks at supports was reduced. As a result, the tensile strength and impact resistance of full light-weight concrete beams were significantly improved.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1265-1285
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• 2016

This paper presents experimental results of advanced investigation carried out on the beams reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebar and stirrups. Twelve beams reinforced with GFRP and one beam with steel reinforcement of size $230{\times}300{\times}2000mm$ were investigated. Longitudinal reinforcement, shear span and spacing of stirrups were the main variables to form the set. In advanced testing three types of strain gauges for steel, composite and concrete surface were applied to observe strain/stress development against the applied load. Live data were recorded from four strain gauges applied on stirrups, one at center on longitudinal reinforcement, two on the concrete surface and central deflection during the test. Although the focus of the paper was mainly on the behavior of GFRP shear reinforcement, other parallel data were observed for the completeness of the test. Design recommendations of ISIS Canada Design Manual (2007), Japan Society of Civil Engineers (1997) and American Concrete Institute (ACI-440.1R-06) were reviewed. Shear design predictions were compared with experimental results in which it was observed that all the three standards provided conservative predictions. However, ACI found most efficient compare to other two there is room to improve the efficiency of the recommendations.