• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.647-657
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 대심도 복층터널을 구성하는 중간슬래브의 하중을 터널본체에 전달하는 브라켓 구조에 관한 정 동적 거동을 조사하였다. 시공속도 향상을 위해 중간슬래브를 프리캐스트 쉴드 터널라이닝 구조체에 연결하기 위한 현장 조립형 'SPC (Steel Precast Concrete) 브라켓'을 개발하였다. 'SPC (Steel Precast Concrete) 브라켓'의 구조 성능을 평가하기 위해서 실물모형 구조실험을 수행하였으며, Contact 모델을 적용한 FEM 해석을 통해서 구조적인 안정성을 추가로 검증하였다. 정적재하실험을 수행한 결과 극한하중에 대한 브라켓의 변형이나 균열은 계측되지 않았으며, 브라켓 고정용 케미컬 앵커의 뽑힘이나 변형은 발생되지 않았다. 동적재하실험 결과 케미컬 앵커의 이상은 조사되지 않았다. FEM해석에 따른 브라켓의 거동은 정적재하실험 결과와 유사한 거동을 보여 사용성 및 구조 안정성 측면에서 문제가 없다고 판단된다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2016

Door impact beam plays a key role in minimizing the occupant injury within the side impacted vehicle through preventing intrusion of the impacting vehicle. Steel pipe type door impact beam has been widely adopted since it has simple structure and the overall strength is easily determined according to the pipe size. The brackets welded at pipe ends connect the door impact beam and the door panels by spot welds. In this study, first, the effect of pipe thickness, bracket thickness and door mounting stiffness was respectively analyzed. Next, application of the tailor rolled pipe was examined and several alterations of the bracket mounting method were considered. Application of tailor rolled pipes with superior bracket mounting method showed remarkable strength enhancement and weight reduction possibility in comparison with the current door impact beam.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1988

It has been suggested that the frictional force between bracket and arch wire may impede the tooth movement. The present study was aimed to compare and analyze the effect of wire size, type of ligation, and duration of ligation on the magnitude of frictional force between cobalt chromium wire and stainless steel bracket under the artificial saliva. The results were as follows: 1. Type of ligation and size of wire were the main influencing factor on the level of friction. 2. Stainless steel ligature generated higher frictional forces than elastomeric module. 3. The rectangular wire consistently exhibited more frictional force values than round wires, while there was no significant difference between frictional forces of round wires. 4. In elastic ligature, frictional force decreased with time. 5. Artificial saliva had no significant influence on the frictional force between cobalt chromium wire and bracket.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2000

교정용 브라켓과 교정선 사이의 마찰력에 관련된 요소들에는 브라켓의 종류, 교정선의 재질과 형태, 결찰방법의 차이, 건조환경과 타액환경의 차이, 브라켓간 offset의 차이, 브라켓간 거리, 이동속도 등이 있다. 이러한 요소들에 따른 마찰력의 변화를 비교, 분석하여 각 요소들 간의 관계를 알아보고자 본 연구를 하였다. 8종류의 0.018"x0.025"상악 견치와 상악 제2 소구치용 브라켓을 슬라이드 위에 부착시키고 0.016 및 0.016"x0.022" 스테인레스 스틸 교정선과 같은 크기의 NiTi 교정선 및 Cu-NiTi 교정선을 이용하여 서로 다른 조건에서 마찰력을 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 브라켓의 종류에 따른 마찰력의 차이는 Polycrystalline세라믹 브라켓인 Allure의 평균 마찰력이 가장 높게 나타났고, 세라믹과 합성된 플라스틱 브라켓인 Vogue, 금속 브라켓인 Mini-Twin, 금속 슬롯을 갖는 플라스틱 브라켓인 Elan, monocrystalline 세라믹 브라켓인 Starfire, single 브라켓인 Lewis/Lang, 자가결찰 브라켓인 SPEED의 순으로 감소하였으며, frictionless 브라켓인 Shoulder의 평균 마찰력이 가장 낮았다. 자가결찰 브라켓은 원형 교정선에서는 낮은 마찰력을 나타냈고, 사각형 교정선에서는 높은 마찰력을 나타냈다. 2. 교정선 재질에 따른 평균마찰력은 스테인레스 스틸 교정선이 다른 교정선들에 비해 통계학적으로 유의하게 낮았으며, NiTi 교정선, Cu-NiTi 교정선 순으로 평균 마찰력이 높았다. 교정선의 형태에 따른 마찰력은 원형 교정선의 평균마찰력이 각형 교정선보다 낮았다. 3. 본 연구에서 스테인레스 강으로 결찰했을 때의 평균마찰력이 탄성모듈로 결찰했을 때에 비해 모든 조건에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았다. 4. 건조환경에서의 금속 브라켓에 스테인레스 스틸 교정선, NiTi 교정선 및 Cu-NiTi교정선의 평균마찰력은 타액환경에서 보다 유의하게 낮았다. 5. 브라켓간 offset이 증가함에 따라 평균마찰력은 유의하게 증가하였다. 6. 브라켓간 거리의 변화에 대한 마찰력의 차이는 교정선의 재질에 따라 차이가 나며, 스테인레스 스틸 교정선은 브라켓간 거리가 감소할 때 마찰력이 유의하게 변화하지 않았으나, NiTi 교정선의 경우는 유의하게 증가하였다. 7. 브라켓내의 교정선의 이동속도에 따라 마찰력은 유의하게 변화하지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 교정 치료동안 적정 교정력을 유지하기 위해 자가결찰브라켓, 스테인레스 스틸 교정선과 탄성모듈결찰법을 사용하는 것이 유리하며, 치료시기에 따라서 요구하는 마찰력이 다르므로 상황에 따라 재료를 선택하는 것이 중요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2020

This paper examines the seismic performance and structural design of the ceiling bracket-type modular connection. The bracket-type system reduces the cross-sectional area loss of members and combines units using fitting steel plate, and it has been developed to be fit for medium-story and higher-story buildings. In particular, this study conducted the cyclic loading test for the performance of the C-type and L-type brackets, and compared the results. The test results were also compared with the commercial FEA program. In addition, the structural design process for the bracket-type modular connection was presented. The two connections, proposed as a result of the test results, were all found to secure the seismic performance level of the special moment steel frame. In the case of initial stiffness, the L-type bracket connection was found to be great, but in the case of the maximum moment or fully plastic moment, it was different depending on the loading direction.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.155-163
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare frictional forces generated between orthodontic brackets and arch wires. Independent variables were chosen for study: arch wire size and shape, arch wire material, bracket width, and second-order angulation between bracket and arch wire. Kinetic frictional forces of stainless steel (0.014', 0.016', 0.018', 0.016' ${\times}$ 0.022', 0.018' ${\times}$ 0.022'), $\beta-titanium$ (0.016' ${\times}}$ 0.022') arch wires were measured on wide and junior edgewise twin brackets (0.018' ${\times}$ 0.022' slot). Instron was used to pull arch wires while $0^{\circ},\;3^{\circ},\;6^{\circ},\;or\;9^{\circ}$ angulation between and wire and bracket was given. The results were as follows: 1. The frictional force of $\beta-titanium$ wire was larger than that of stainless steel wire. 2. The frictional force was generally increased as the size of wire is increased. 3. The frictional force of rectangular wire was larger than that of round wire. 4. As second order angulation was increased, the frictional force was also increased. 5. The frictional force was larger on a wide bracket than on a junior bracket.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2009

An adhesively bonded power steering cylinder with a steel tube and an aluminum bracket was developed to reduce the weight of steering systems. To achieve the joint strength between the steel tube and of the aluminum bracket, the shape aluminum bracket re-designed by using the FE-analysis. Fracture behavior of the adhesive layer was considered by a cohesive zone model(CZM), which is based on the two-parameter fracture phenomenon with critical stress and fracture toughness. From the result of FE-analysis with CZM, re-designed power steering cylinder satisfied the desired joint strength for axial and torsion modes. And its joint strength was verified by the fracture test in each mode.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.270-281
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the changes in friction between orthodontic brackets and archwires coated with aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), titanium nitride (TiN), or chromium nitride (CrN). In addition, the resistance of the coatings to intraoral conditions was evaluated. Methods: Stainless steel canine brackets, 0.016-inch round nickel-titanium archwires, and 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwires were coated with Al₂O₃, TiN, and CrN using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The coated materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy, an X-ray diffractometer, atomic force microscopy, and surface profilometry. In addition, the samples were subjected to thermal cycling and in vitro brushing tests, and the effects of the simulated intraoral conditions on the coating structure were evaluated. Results: Coating of the metal bracket as well as nickel-titanium archwire with Al₂O₃ reduced the coefficients of friction (CoFs) for the bracket-archwire combination (p < 0.01). When the bracket and stainless steel archwire were coated with Al₂O₃ and TiN, the CoFs were significantly lower (0.207 and 0.372, respectively) than that recorded when this bracket-archwire combination was left uncoated (0.552; p < 0.01). The friction, thermal, and brushing tests did not deteriorate the overall quality of the Al₂O₃ coatings; however, some small areas of peeling were evident for the TiN coatings, whereas comparatively larger areas of peeling were observed for the CrN coatings. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the CoFs for metal bracket-archwire combinations used in orthodontic treatment can be decreased by coating with Al₂O₃ and TiN thin films.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.283-294
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• 1993

The friction of orthodontic appliances is recogonized to be detrimental to tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of frictional force changes between bracket$(018'\times025'\;solt)$ and orthodontic wires(stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, and $\beta-titanium$, $017'\times0.25'$ rectangular) with time. The wire was secured in the bracket slot with a elastomeric ligature. Frictional forces were measured by universal testing machine. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. The frictional forces under dry condition were greater than those in saliva. 2. The frictional forces produced by cobalt-chromium wire were less than those generated by stainless steel and $\beta-titanium$ wire. 3. The frictional forces increased progressively with time, and the amount of increase on first two weeks was greater than on last two weeks. 4. The change of frictional force under dry condition was greater than in artificial saliva.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2018

Recently The automotive industry is trying to increase the energy efficiency by reducing the weight of the car body and engine components as a way to achieve high energy efficiency. In particular, the reduction of the weight of the vehicle through the weight reduction of the vehicle body has the advantage that the fuel consumption and the output can be improved. But at the same time, there is the disadvantage that the strength becomes weak due to the reduction of the material thickness. Therefore, in order to overcome these disadvantages, materials with high strength according to the unit thickness have been actively developed, and researches for applying them have also been increasing. In this study, we will investigate the application of cold rolled steel sheet, which is a lightweight material, to a horn bracket that secures a installed in an automobile engine room. The horn bracket secures the horn on the car engine and is bolted to the outer wall of the engine. The momentum is acted on the bracket due to the distance between the bolt fastening part and the car horn installed on the bracket end side. Therefore, the body part of the bracket is more likely to be destroyed by the influence of the continuous stress. In this paper, design optimization for weight reduction and strength enhancement was performed to solve this problem, and possibility of applying the rolled steel sheet material as lightweight material by tensile test and fabrication was confirmed.