• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.523-532
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• 2014

This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant effect of oak hot water extracts on the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytotoxicity of $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for the cell viability according to the dose-dependent treatment. Oak extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent ability to inhibit $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in cultured tenofibroblasts, as assessed by MTT assay and FACS analysis. $H_2O_2$ increased the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, treatment with oak extracts was decreased this activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, as confirmed by western blot analysis, and reduced the production of ROS, as verified by fluorescent microscopic and flow cytometry (FACS) analyses. These findings suggest that oak extracts, by suppressing JNK, ERK1/2, and intracellular ROS production, have a concentration-dependent antiapoptotic effect on achilles tenofibroblasts exposed to an oxidative stressor, and may have therapeutic potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 1994

As Cr-Mo-V steels have excellent mechanical and creep properties at elevated temperatures, they are extensively used in power plants. However, the steam turbine components are supposed to have suffered material degradation during long-term service at elevated tenperatures. Many efforts have been made to assess the safety and residual life of these components by means of non-destructive methods such as plastic replication, hardness and electric resistance techniques. Recently, a parameter correlating hardness changes during long-term heating to those during creep was introduced and it was named 'G parameter'. The electric resistivity as well as hardness are affected by damage accumulation, but there have been no efforts to correlate G parameter to resistivity changes. In this study, relationship between G parameter and changes in electric resistivity was investigated using artificially aged Cr-Mo-V steel. It is well understood that G parameter can be applied to electric: resistance techmique.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 2013

Ethanolamine (ETA) is widely used for alkalinization of water in steam cycles of nuclear power plants with pressurized water reactor. When ETA contained wastewater was released, it could increase COD and T-N. The treatment of the COD and T-N from ETA wastewater was investigated using the GAC as particle electrodes in three-dimensional electrode reactor (TDE). This study evaluated the effectiveness of GAC as particle electrode using different packing ratio at 300 V. The results showed that GAC-TDE could reduce ETA much more efficiently than ZVI-TDE at the mass ratio of GAC to insulator, 1:2. Additionally, The effect of applied electric potential to COD and T-N reduction was investigated. The results showed the high COD, T-N reduction and current efficiency at the low electric potential. Using the GAC-TDE will provide a better ETA reduction with reducing electrical potential dissipation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.258-264
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the status in weight loss yield of edible meat quality and free amino acid contents of the snow crab(Chionoectes japonicus) by steaming and various drying treat-ment. Change of body weight loss in steaming treatment sample were 20.48∼26.72% and yield of edible meat of steaming sample was higher than raw sample(p<0.05) The pH value was increased with steam-ing and drying and pH of trunk meat was more increased than leg meat. Volatile basic nitrogen(VBN) content of vacuum dried sample was highest and VBN of hot-air and freezing dried sample were about 10mg%. Content of vaccum dried sample wre 41.33 and 48,56mg%. Thirty kind of free amino acids dectected in the snow crab and changes of free amino acid in leg meat were markedly reduced by vacuum drying and the reducing ratio of leg meat by freeze drying was little. The major free amino acid of leg and trunk meat were 39.94% 46.78% respectively. The formation of flavor free amino acid in freezing dried sample were high but its hot-air aried sample were small.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2001

The properties of off-gas generated from vitrification process of ion-exchange resin were characterized. Theoretical composition and flow rate of the off-gas were calculated based on chemical composition of resin and it＇s burning condition inside CCM. The calculated off-gas flow rate was 67.9Nm$^3$/h at the burning rate of 40kg/h. And the composition of off-gas was avaluated as $CO_2$(41.4%), steam(40.0%), $O_2$(13.3%), NO(3.6%), and SO$_2$(1.6%) in order. Then, actual flow rate and composition of off-gas were measured during pilot-scale demonstration tests and the results were compared with theoretical values. The actual flow rate of off-gas was about 1.6 times higher than theoretical one. The difference between theoretical and actual flow rates was caused by the in-leakage of air to the system, and the in-leakage rate was evaluated as 36.3Nm$^3$/h. Because of continuous change in the combustion parameters inside CCM, during demonstration tests, the concentration of toxic gases showed wide fluctuation. However, the concentration of CO, a barometer of incompleteness of combustion inside CCM, was stabilized soon. The result showed quasi-equilibrium state was achieved two hours after feeding of resin.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.153-166
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• 2004

In addition to antiseptic／antibiotic regimens, current therapies such as topical and systemic corticosteroids, anti-histamine agents, immune suppressing agent are generally used in the western medicine to treat atopic dermatitis(AD). However, there is almost a complete lack of effective strategies to achieve long-term control of disease, oriental medical treatments are proposed an alternative measure. It has been proved by experimental and clinical study that Oriental medical atopic dermatitis(AD) treatments such as herb-medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, and steam therapy are effective in long-term treatment. Nevertheless, oriental medical therapy has some limitations to treat acute stage of the disease. Recently developed No-Hoe(蘆？: Aloe vera L.) extract dressings will be a supplementary methods to the oriental medical therapy. The dressing can subside pruritus, exudation, erythema and scaling in the acute stage of atopic dermatitis(AD). We applied the No-Hoe(蘆？: Aloe vera L.) extract dressings to eight atopic dermatitis patients and got some good effects. This reports will provide an alternative choice for the oriental and westernal medical therapy for long-term AD treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 1990

We extracted and analysed the saponin fraction in the shoot of Aralia Elata. The results were as follows. 1. Natural samples had higher contents and more kinds of saponin than those grown in the green-house. The contents and the kinds of saponin decreased by steam treatment in both samples while the contents increased with the growth. The number of saponins in the natural raw sample (Nr2) which was at the most suitable stage for use was 37. 2. The saponin pattern of Nr2, with the large Fh saponin was specifically different from those with different harvest time which had large ‘d’ fraction. But all the natural samples which were steam-treated showed similar saponin patterns irrespective of harvest time. The saponin patterns of the green-house grown samples were simpler and showed less change during growing compared with those of the natural ones. All the steamed green-house grown samples showed the similar saponin patterns.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 1995

The saccharification ratio and efficiency of alcohol fermentation from hot air puffed and steamed flour of husked rice and barley varieties were compared. Enzymatic hydrolysis of husked rice flour was improved by puffing, and that of glutinous rice was higher than that of nonglutinous one. By puffing of husked rice and barley, alcohol production was slightly increased, but fermentation period was reduced comparing with steam cooked husked rice and barley. Fermentation efficiencies of husked rice by puffing and rice by steam cooking were 90.72% and 87.77%, respectively. Residual reducing sugar of barley mash was higher than that of rice mash. The pH of mash was gradually increased during fermentation and was high in case of puffing treatment.

• Carbon letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2002

The regional bio-wastes available in abundance in India were converted into porous carbon by heat treatment at different temperatures from $650-950^{\circ}C$. The wood retain shapes after pyrolysis though shrinkage occured both in axial and radial directions. The shrinkage in radial direction was found to be more than in axial direction in all woods. The density of woods and chars from these at a given temperature has been found to follow linear relationship. Chars were steam activated at temperature $700-800^{\circ}C$ for different times between 45-240 min. Both the temperature and time of activation with steam has a profound effect on surface area. Chars from softwoods like bagasse and castor oil plant were activated at lower temperature, i.e. $700-750^{\circ}C$ whereas hard wood chars have to be activated at higher temperature around $800^{\circ}C$. The morphology of wood as well as of chars has been studied by SEM. The comparison of the two showed that the nature of porosity in chars depends on precursor morphology, nature and physical state of wood and presence of inorganic compounds in the wood. Hard wood results in cross inter connected pores while softwood leads to fibriller structure. The present studies show that activated carbon with reasonably good surface area (${\sim}1000m^2/gm$) can be prepared from soft wood bio-wastes like bagasse and castor oil plant, while surface area ${\sim}1370m^2/gm$ was achieved from hard wood bio waste of pine wood.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

A string wallcovering is a kind of textile wallcovering which is made of cellulose fiber yarn laminated on base paper. Compared with normal paper or PVC wallpaper, a string wallcovering is preferred continually in the interior design market, as it is not only environmentally friendly but it also has less cost on mass production without the weaving process and has a natural visual effect, excellent functionality such as thermo keeping, permeability, sound absorption. However, in the dyeing process, it is not appropriate to use plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals considering the environmental trend and the government policy plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals. Currently, a string wallcovering is made of raw white yarn and padding with direct dye or pigment which includes toxic elements, especially the use of direct dye is restricted in a part of the developed country due to inclusion of azo. In this study, we researched dyeing based on cold pad batch dyeing of a string wallcovering with reactive dyestuff. The peel strength and bending depth test confirmed that the optimum adhesive type and spread amount improved the water resistance of the string wallcovering. Also, pad batch dyeing with optimum reactive dyestuff enhanced the color fastness to light and rubbing in dry and wet conditions. Additionally, for improvement of color fastness to rubbing in a wet condition, the additional treatment finishing without soaping process which is used water. The results of this study can be used as basic data for environmentally friendly and energy saving of the textile wallcovering.