• Title/Summary/Keyword: statistical treatments

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Research on the Effect of the Control Methods of Irrigation Water on the Growth and Yield of Paddy Rice. (한발기에 있어서 용수관리 방법이 수도생육과 그 수량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 김시원
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.2177-2190
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    • 1971
  • This experiment was made to determienthe effect of various soil moisture contents in simulated drought conditions on different stages of rice growth. The drought conditions were developed at such three rice-growing stages as transplanting, immediately after transplanting and young ear forming. Three different lengths of drought periods, which are ten days, twenty days and thirty days, were applied for each growing stage of rice. The rice variety used this experiment is Nong-rim 29. This experiment was conducted at the university farm of the Kon-Kuk University during the period of $1968{\sim}1970$. Three reprications for each of 12 treatments and split plot design were employed in this study. Bottomless wood square boxes, $1^m{\times}1^m{\times}1^m$, were burried in the test plot and box top was covered with poloyethylene sheets to avoid natural rainfall drops. Standard plots were irrigated continuously with a water depth of 40mm/day and those of drought treatments were irrigated continuously up to the beginning of the planned drought period, and they were irrigated again with a depth of 40mm/day up to the maturing stage of rice. Other methods for rice raising followed those methods developed by the Field Crops Experiment Station of the Office of Rural Development. During this experiments, climatic conditions in regard to rainfalls, sunshine hours, and temperatures were observed. According to this observation, those values measured deviate slightly from the annual means. However the growing condition of rice plants were normal. The pH value of irritation water is nearly neutral, and soils in the test plots are relatively fertile, being similar to ordinary paddy soils. Analysis of variances for number of stalks, plan-height, ear sprouting date, length of stalks, ear length, number of ears per plant, fertility, grain weitght, weight of plant, and yield were carried out. The variances for plant height, ear sprouting date, length of stalk ear length, and yield has statistical significance under drought treatments applied at three different growing stages. The variance showing the effect of lengths of drought period is highly significant for all the treatments studied except that of grain weight. The interaction between drought periods and drought treatments at different growing stages is significant for plant height, stalk length, ear length, number of ears, fertility and yield, these results indicated that droughts at different growing stages have influence on plant height, ear length, yield, and length of drought period also has strong influence on all factors studied except grain weight. The combination of drought treatments at different rice growing stages and lengths of drought periods has different effects on various agronomic characteristics, including yield. Plant height under drought treatment practiced at transplanting stage is the lowest, and drought treatment applied immediately after transplanting resulted in the least number of stalks. The effect of different lengths of drought periods on plant height and number of stalks depends signis ficantly on increasing days of drought. Ear sprouting date tends to be delayed for one or two days undedrought treatments at transplanting period and with increasing days of drought. Better yield is secured in drought treatment applied immediately after transplanting. Adverse effect war observed when drought treatment was applied at ear forming period. These effects may be attributed to the alternation of irrigation and drought causing vigorous root activity. In general, yield linearly decreases as the length of the drought period increases. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that, in order to mimimize damage due to drought, and, to save irrigation water, paddy fields, immediately after transplanting, may be not irrigated, since there is sufficient moisture in the soil, and that sufficient irrigation water should be applied again in the ear forming stage of rice plant.

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Effects of Single or Mixed Supplementation of Bacterial Phytase and Fungal Phytase on Laying Performance and Nutrient Digestibility (Bacterial 및 Fungal Phytase의 단일 및 혼합 급여가 산란계의 생산성과 영양소 이용에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, H.K.;Park, S.Y.;Yu, D.J.;Kim, J.H.;Kang, G.H.;Na, J.C.;Kim, D.W.;Suh, O.S.;Lee, S.J.;Lee, W.J.;Kim, S.H.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.137-142
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of single or mixed supplementation of bacterial and fungal phytase using 45-wk-old 450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens housed in individual cages for 12-wk period. The birds were reallocated to have similar egg productivity by examining the egg production for one wk before starting the experiment. Two sources of phytase, bacterial (BP) and fungal (FP), were used either in single or mixture to determine the effects of these phytase. Five dietary treatments consisted of control (BP 0, FP 0), T1 (BP 300, FP 0), T2 (BP 300, FP 300), T3 (BP 300, FP 3000), and T4 (BP 0, FP 3000). The DPU was used for phytase activity in this experiment. The nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) content of control was 0.30%, and those of phytase treatments were set to 60% of the Control. Experimental diets were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The lighting schedule of 17L7D was employed. The egg production was not different between control and bacterial phytase treatments, but the T4 showed significantly low productivity compared to control (P<0.05). No difference was found in average egg weight among all treatments. The daily egg mass did not show any statistical differences among all treatments: however, it was significantly low in T4 compared to ther control during the latter half of the experiment (P<0.05). No significant difference was found among treatments in terms of feed intake, feed conversion and egg quality. The digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, and fat digestibility were similar regardless of the treatments. No significant trends were detected in Ca and P availability. In conclusion, the BP level of 300 DPU contributed to achieve 40% reduction of recommended nonphytate phosphorus addition. The synergistic effect of bacterial and fungal phytase was not confirmed.

Effects of Vanadium Water on Cancer-related Fatigue of Non Advanced Cancer Patients: Randomized Double Blinded Controlled Trial (비진행성 암환자의 암성 피로에 대한 바나듐수의 효능: 무작위배정 이중맹검 대조군 시험)

  • Zheng, Hong-Mei;Kim, Dong-Hee;Lee, Suk-Hoon;Park, Yoo-Kyoung;Yoo, Hwa-Seung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.12
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    • pp.1800-1806
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vanadium water (VW) on cancer-related fatigue of non-advanced cancer patients. For the experimental group administration, participants consumed three 500 mL/bottle bottles of Jeju Island's VW, which contained 15~20 ppb of vanadium, three times a day (morning, afternoon, evening) for 4 weeks (28 days) without any additional treatments for fatigue improvement. The control group participants consumed three 500 mL/bottle bottles of ordinary water (0 ppb of vanadium) three times a day for the same period of time without any additional treatments for fatigue improvement. After 4 weeks of VW consumption, total score of Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (RPFS) was reduced 30% compared to the basal score after Fisher's Exact Test which resulted in a statistical borderline significance (p=0.0799) and result of t-test of comparison between two groups' RPFS total score and fatigue cognitive/mood changes resulted in a statistical significance (p=0.0112). In detail, only 36.4% of control group (N=11) showed improvement while 77.8% of treatment group (N=9) showed fatigue improvement. No other lab measures, including thyroid hormone level indicated any significant differences between two groups. In conclusion, daily consumption of 1.5 L of vanadium water for 4 weeks showed improvement of non-advanced cancer patients' fatigue.

Growth and Yield of Strawberry $(Fragaria\;\times\;ananassa\;Duchesne)$ 'Nyoho' and Salt Accumulation in PE Film House Soil as Affected by Fertilization Program (시비방법이 무기염의 토양집적과 딸기 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung Suck Kee;Choi Jong Myung;Lee Young Bok
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2005
  • This research was conducted to determine the effect of fertilization programs on crop growth, nutrient uptake and yield of strawberry and salt accumulation in PE film house soil. To achieve these, experiments were conducted through two years with various fertilization program such as traditional fertilization(A), recommended fertilization of Rural development administration (B), Tochigi prefectural experiment station (C) and Nonsan strawberry experiment station (D), and control (E). In 1st year, statistical differences in growth characteristics were not observed among treatments except (E). Yield per 10 was the highest in (D) followed by (A), (B), (C) and (E) and there was the statistical difference between (D) and (E). In the 2nd year experiment, growth characteristics and yield showed similar trends to those of 1st year experiment. In the results of soil analysis of 2nd year, the soil pH of all treatments were in the acceptable range, while electrical conductivity of (A) and (D) were 2.36 and 2.19 %$dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, respectively. After finishing of strawberry cultivation, nitrate concentration in soil solution of (A) and (D) were 74.6 and 65.0%$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and Na in those were 3.71 and 3.53 $cmol+kg^{-1}$, respectively. Above results indicated that (A) and (D) were good fertilization program for strawberry cultivation, but those also resulted in accumulation of $NO_{3-}N$ and Na in PE house soil.

A Clinical Analysis on Outpatients with Ear Diseases of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology & Dermatology Department at Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital - From March, 2013 to February, 2019- (대전한방병원 한방안이비인후피부과로 내원한 귀 질환 환자 특성 분석 -2012년 3월부터 2019년 2월까지-)

  • Jea, Ha-Kyung;An, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Su-Yeong;Jung, Hyun-A
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.23-42
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    • 2020
  • Objectives : This study is designed to analyze the outpatients who received medical treatments for ear diseases in ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Daejeon Korean Medical Hospital from March, 2013 to February, 2019. Methods : We classified the otology outpatients who received medical treatments in ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Daejeon Korean Medical Hospital from March, 2012 to February, 2019 according to gender, year, age, season, anatomical parts, and main diagnosis. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0. Results : 1. The number of outpatients with ear diseases were 880; 505 female and 375 male. The number of female patients were approximately 1.7 times higher. 2. The average age of the outpatients with ear diseases were 50.0. The number of middle-aged (40-50s) patients were 439, which is almost half the number(49.9%) of the whole patients. 3. By analyzing the number of patients classified by year, we found out that the number of the outpatients with ear diseases has increased gradually for the past 7 years. 4. In the analysis of the number of patients classified by the anatomical parts of the ear, the inner ear diseases group were the largest, amounting to 79.3% of the whole patients. 5. In the analysis of the number of patients classified by main diagnosis, Tinnitus turns out to be the largest group with 338 patients, followed by sudden sensorineural hearing loss, dizziness, otalgia, Meniere's syndrome, otitis, auditory tube dysfunction, BPPV. 6. No statistical-significant difference were shown in the analysis of the number of patients classified by season. Conclusions : It turns out that patients with ear diseases had increased by the years, and middle aged patients (40-50s) were the largest among the age groups. Most of the patients came for the inner-ear diseases, and tinnitus, sudden sensorineural hearing loss took up the largest proportions.

Development of a Computer Program for Stand Spatial Structure Analysis (임분(林分) 공간구조(空間構造) 분석(分析)을 위한 컴퓨터 프로그램의 개발(開發))

  • Shin, Man Yong;Oh, Jung Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.88 no.3
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    • pp.389-399
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to develop an application software, SIDAS3D(Stand Inventory Data Analysis System for 3 Dimensional Representation), of which the purpose of development is to make it easier to analyze and display the 3D spatial structure of a forest stand, based on the data such as tree position, species, DBH, height, clear length of individual trees, and crown width. This program has a statistical analysis function for stand attributes per hectare and displays simple graphs of stand statistics such as the distribution of diameters, heights, and volumes. It also has two additional functions, of which one is to display the 3D image of stand structure and the other is to display the image of crown projection. In addition, this program provides an imaginary treatment simulation function, which can visually confirm the suitability of silvicultural treatments on computers. To test the precision and reliability of SIDAS3D, data obtained by the precision forest inventory method were used. Statistical analysis ability of SIDAS3D was compared with that of SAS. And its representational ability was compared with that of TreeDraw. According to the verification, SIDAS3D was superior to SAS and TreeDraw in both the data processing time and the interpretative ability of results. It was concluded that SIDAS3D could be used to help users efficiently make decisions for appropriate silvicultural treatments and rational management plans because it has analysis functions providing various valuable information.

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Apparent metabolizable energy, growth performance and carcass traits of Japanese quail fed select modern grain sorghum varieties

  • Moritz, A.H.;Krombeen, S.K.;Presgraves, J.;Blair, M.E.;Buresh, R.E.;Bridges, W.C.;Arguelles-Ramos, M.;Wilmoth, T.A.
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.35 no.12
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    • pp.1911-1920
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    • 2022
  • Objective: This study was performed to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) content of tannin-free red/bronze, white/tan and U.S. No. 2 varieties of grain sorghum for feeding Japanese quail and validate their nutrient profile by evaluating effects on performance and carcass traits with full-substitution of corn. Methods: Experiment 1 determined the AMEn content of red/bronze, white/tan, and U.S. No. 2 grain sorghum varieties fed to mixed-sex Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) (n = 314) at 3 and 6-weeks of age. Analyses were based on a 2×4 factorial treatment design with age and grain types defining the treatments, and a randomized complete block experiment design with cage and trials defining the block. AMEn values were validated by evaluating the performance and carcass traits of Japanese quail (n = 644) from 1 to 40 days of age in Experiment 2 with birds were fed 1 of 4 complete diets. Statistical analyses were conducted on performance data and select individual carcass trait measurements. Results: Determined AMEn values at 3-weeks of age were 3,524±122.03 (red/bronze), 3,252±122.03 (white/tan), and 3,039±123.44 (U.S. No. 2) kcal/kg. At 6-weeks of age, determined AMEn were 3,373±297.35 (red/bronze), 3,279±297.35 (white/tan), and 2,966±298.64 (U.S. No. 2) kcal/kg. Carcass traits showed live body weight (p = 0.0409) and hot carcass weight (p = 0.0234) were greatest in U.S. No. 2; however, carcass yield (p<0.0001) was lowest. No significant differences were observed among treatments for feed intake, feed conversion ratio, breast weight and breast yield (p>0.05). Conclusion: These studies demonstrated that tannin-free grain sorghum varieties may be a potential alternative to corn in quail diets while maintaining growth performance and carcass parameters.

An Analysis of Outpatients and Frequent Diseases Visited Outpatients of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology & Dermatology Department - From March, 2018 to February, 2021 at Cheonan - (한방안이비인후피부과에 내원한 외래 환자 및 다빈도 질환 분석 - 2018년 3월부터 2021년 2월까지 천안 지역에서 -)

  • Byun, Jung-Ah;Choi, Yoon-Young;Baek, Jong-Chan;Jung, Hyun-A;An, Jae-Hyun
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.25-35
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    • 2022
  • Objectives : This study is designed to analyze outpatients who received medical treatments in ophthalmology, otolaryngology & dermatology clinic in Cheonan for 3 years. Based on the results, we intend to identify the trends of outpatients and provide the base data that can be used for future researches on patient characteristics, and Korean medicine treatments on field, statistical surveys, policy setting related to medical services. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed outpatients according to gender, year, age, season, main diagnosis, number of visits. The statistical analysis performed using IBM SPSS 25.0 for Windows. Results : The results of analyzing the electronic medical records of 1,260 patients are as follows. 1. Patients increased in 2019 compared to 2018, but decreased due to the influence of COVID-19 in 2020, and women visited more than men. The most visited age group was 40s and 50s, and summer was the highest in season. 2. By analyzing the number of visits per patient, men visited more than women, under the age of 20 was highest in age group and spring was highest in season. 3. Every year, sudden hearing loss, a frequent disease in otology, increased, and rhinitis, a frequent disease in ophthalmology, decreased. And the proportion of patients in dermatology was about 30% of the total 100 diseases. Conclusions : In order to increase the supply and use of Korean medicine in the Cheonan area in the future, it is essential to provide support at the association level and systematic supplement at the government level in consideration of the characteristics of the patient group and the trend of frequency diseases.

Eco-friendly Production of Maize Using Struvite Recovered from Swine Wastewater as a Sustainable Fertilizer Source

  • Liu, YingHao;Rahman, M.M.;Kwag, Jung-Hoon;Kim, Jae-Hwan;Ra, Chang-Six
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.24 no.12
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    • pp.1699-1705
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    • 2011
  • Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) was recovered from swine wastewater and the feasibility of reutilizing it as a slowly-releasing fertilizer was evaluated. Maize growth was investigated with normal and high application rates of MAP and a fused super phosphate (FSP) fertilizer. A total of 5 treatments ($T_0$ = control, $T_1$ = MAP based on 30 kg P $ha^{-1}$, $T_2$ = FSP based on 30 kg P $ha^{-1}$+urea equivalent to nitrogen of MAP applied in $T_1$, $T_3$ = MAP based on 40 kg P $ha^{-1}$, $T_4$ = FSP based on 40 kg P $ha^{-1}$+urea equivalent to nitrogen of MAP applied in $T_3$) were arranged with 3 replications. In the case of height and circumference, significant differences were found between controls and treated maize plants (p<0.01). However, no statistical differences were found between MAP- and FSP-urea treated maize. Leaf area and green biomass yield were significantly (p<0.01) higher in the treated group than control. Leaf area was also found significantly higher (p<0.01) in the higher MAP- treated group (2,374 $cm^2$ $plant^{-1}$) than other treatments. $N_2O$ emission was found to be lower in MAP treated soil than that from FSP-urea treated soil, which might be due to the slow releasing pattern of MAP. It could be assumed from the results that MAP would be an eco-friendly sustainable fertilizer source for crop production.

Effects of Drill Widths and Nitrogen Application Levels in Early Spring on the Growth Characteristics and Seed Productivity of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) (휴폭 및 이른 봄 질소비료 시용량이 오차드그라스의 생육특성 및 종자생산에 미치는 영향)

  • 최기준;정의수;임용우;임영철;김기용;성병렬;김맹중;박근제
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 2003
  • Growth characteristics and seed productivities of orchardgrass "Hwabsung 2 Ho" cultivated for seed production were examined in the NLRI from 2000 to 2002. The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement with three replications. The main-plots were three drill widths of 15, 30 and 45cm, and subplots were four nitrogen application levels of 45, 90, 135 and 180kg/ha in early spring. Lodging was less in 45cm of drill width than in 15 and 30cm and was not severe by 90kg per ha of nitrogen including 45cm of drill width. Number of panicles per $1\m^2$ was tended to be more in 15cm of drill width than in 30 or 45cm. Among 45cm of drill widths. 45kg per ha of nitrogen had most numerous panicles. Panicle length, number of 1st branch, weight of 1,000 grain, and germination of 30 or 45cm of drill width showed better characters than that of 15cm. Seed yield was not statistical different among the treatments but was some more in 30cm of drill width, and was tended not to be different among nitrogen levels. Therefore, considering lodging tolerances, seed yield components, and mechanizations, treatment with 45cm of drill width including 45kg per ha of nitrogen in early spring was better than other treatments for orchardgrass seed production.