• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2012

In this research, we executed a questionnaire survey targeting men and women in 20' or more who reside in the metropolitan area and have experienced purchasing the vehicles in order to study how Promotion Mix Activity affects Brand assets, and ultimately what kind of relation it has with Purchase intention. In the statistical process of collected data, we analyzed the data by using SPSS 12.0 for Windows statistical package and AMOS 7.0 program. As the result of analysis, first, when we analyzed the relation of the Promotion Mix Activity and Brand Assets of the companies, the more affirmative the assessment on the advertising activities of the companies was, the higher the brand popularity, royalty and image increased, And it appeared that as the assessment on PR activities of the companies got more affirmative, the brand popularity, image and royalty increased. Second, as the result of the analysis of the relation between salespersons' Promotion Activities and Brand assets, it appeared that salespersons' social capacity improved Brand awareness and royalty and their strategic capacity improved Brand awareness, royalty and image. Third, seeing the result of the analysis on the relation between Brand assets and Purchase intention, it was shown that Brand popularity had a meaningful positive(+) effect upon satisfaction and repurchase(oral) intention, and Brand royalty had a meaningful positive(+) effect upon satisfaction and repurchase(oral) intention. In addition, it appeared that Brand image had a meaningful positive(+) effect upon satisfaction and repurchase(oral) intention, and finally it could be known that Brand assets had a close correlation with Purchase intention. Therefore, this research established the color marketing strategy as follows. First, we shall build up the functional role such as aesthetic favor, information communication, protection of ecosystem, publicity reinforcement etc. so as to emphasize the properties of the package design; second, we have to construct the color marketing strategy to convey the images of the commodity besides the psychological and physiological utility which colors grants, the utility used in visual conveyance as communication media; third, we should build the color marketing strategy for the integration of company image; finally we have to compose the colors fitted for the company and product style and introduce design marketing using company colors.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2003

Purpose : To assess the usefulness of cardiac MR imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and in the assessment of myocardial viability in comparision with T1-201 SPECT. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively studied 17 patients who complained of chest pain and dyspnea with cardiac MRI . The patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of high signal intensity on T2-weighted image (T2wI), abnormal wall motion on 2D-FIESTA, perfusion defect on Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI, and delayed myocardial enhancement on 15-minutes delay Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI. The results were correlated with the images on T1-201 SPECT, taken at rest and stress, through which reversibility of perfusion defect was assessed. Results : Both cardiac MRI and T1-201 SPECT proved to be useful methods for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction. In order of decreasing correspondence, T2WI, T1-201 SPECT, delayed enhancement study, and wall motion images all showed significant statistical correlation with the clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Perfusion MRI, on the other hand, showed no significant statistical difference was found between T1-201 SPECT and cardiac MRI. The results on T2WI showed high accordance with those on Tl-201 SPECT, while delayed myocardial enhancement and wall motion studies showed no agreement with Tl-201 SPECT. Conclusion : Cardiac MRI is useful method for diagnosis of acute myocardiac infarction. With respect to the assessment of myocardial viability, the results obtained on cardiac MRI showed high agreement with those on Tl-201 SPECT. However, further study is necessary at this point for standardization and establishment of the methods for assessing myocardial viability on cardiac MRI.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.134-145
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• 2023

Currently, the floodplains of major rivers are transforming into various types of waterfront spaces according to the increase in leisure activities and improved accessibility. In general, waterfront activities in river channels tend to be concentrated in summer, and the waterfront activities during this period directly affect water quality. Accordingly, it is necessary to accurately compare and evaluate the characteristics and water quality of waterfront activities during the period when waterfront activities are concentrated. In this study, the following research was conducted to compare and analyze the current status of waterfront activities of users of waterfront areas and the water quality of waterfront areas. First, three waterfront areas were selected for investigation using the information from the Ministry of Environment's water quality measurement network. Second, a survey was conducted on the satisfaction and types of waterfront activities targeting users of waterfront areas. Third, water quality grades were calculated based on monthly water quality measurement factors and compared. Fourth, statistical analysis (one-way analysis of variance) was conducted to see if there was a significant difference in water quality characteristics between periods of high waterfront activity and periods of low waterfront activity using water quality measurement data for the last 5 years. As a result of this analysis, the following conclusions were drawn in this study. First, the use of waterfront activities was investigated in the order of camping, water skiing, fishing, swimming, and rafting. Second, satisfaction factors for waterfront activities were investigated in the order of activity convenience, water quality, waterlandscape, transportation access convenience, and temperature. Third, it was found that satisfaction with water quality in waterfront areas was generally unsatisfactory regardless of the water quality grade presented by the competent authority. Fourth, as a result of comparing the water quality measurement network data of the Ministry of Environment by water quality grade, generally good grades were found, and in particular, there was a difference in grade frequency by season in the BOD category. Fifth, as a result of statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) of water quality monitoring network data by season, there were statistically significant differences in COD, BOD, TP, and TOC except for DO. Considering the results of these studies, it is judged that it is necessary to prepare a comprehensive management system for water quality improvement in the waterfront zone and to improve water quality during periods of high waterfront activity, and to prepare a water quality forecasting system for waterfront areas in the future.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.738-751
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• 2023

The Sembilan Archipelago is famous for its great biodiversity, in which the humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) (locally named Napoleon fish) is the primary commodity (economically important), and currently, the environmental degradation occurs due to anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to examine the eco-environmental parameters and assess their influence on the abundance of humphead wrasse and other coral reef fish compositions in the Sembilan Archipelago. Direct field monitoring was performed using a visual census throughout an approximately one km transect. Coral cover data collection and assessment were also carried out. A coastal water quality index (CWQI) was used to assess the water quality status. Furthermore, statistical-based analyses [hierarchical clustering, Pearson's correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)] were performed to examine the correlation between eco-environmental parameters. The Napoleon fish was only found at stations 1 and 2, with a density of about 3.8 Ind/ha, aligning with the dominant composition of the family Serranidae (covering more than 15% of the total community) and coinciding with the higher coral mortality and lower reef fish abundance. The coral reef conditions were generally ideal for supporting marine life, with a living coral percentage of about > 50% in all stations. Based on CWQI, the study area is categorized as good and excellent water quality. Of the 60 parameter values examined, the phytoplankton abundance, Napoleon fish, and temperature are highly correlated, with a correlation coefficient value greater than 0.7, and statistically significant (F < 0.05). Although the adaptation of reef fish to water quality parameters varies greatly, the most influential parameters in shaping their composition in the study area are living corals, nitrites, ammonia, larval abundance, and temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

Lately, new influentials have secured a large number of volunteers on social networks due to vitalization of various social media. There has been considerable research on these influential people in social networks but the research has limitations on location information of Location Based Social Network Service(LBSNS). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a spatial detection methodology and application plan for influentials who make comments about diverse social and cultural issues in LBSNS using spatial statistical analysis methods. Twitter was used to collect analysis object data and 168,040 Twitter messages were collected in Seoul over a month-long period. In addition, 'politics,' 'economy,' and 'IT' were set as categories and hot issue keywords as given categories. Therefore, it was possible to come up with an exposure index for searching influentials in respect to hot issue keywords, and exposure index by administrative units of Seoul was calculated through a spatial joint operation. Moreover, an influential index that considers the spatial dependence of the exposure index was drawn to extract information on the influential areas at the top 5% of the influential index and analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial correlation. The experimental results demonstrated that spatial correlation coefficient was relatively high at more than 0.3 in same categories, and correlation coefficient between politics category and economy category was also more than 0.3. On the other hand, correlation coefficient between politics category and IT category was very low at 0.18, and between economy category and IT category was also very weak at 0.15. This study has a significance for materialization of influentials from spatial information perspective, and can be usefully utilized in the field of gCRM in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.357-367
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• 2002

Purpose: While cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve could be evaluated with basal/acetazolamide Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT in cerebrovascular disease, objective quantification is necessary to assess the efficacy of the revascularization. In this study we adopted the SPM method to quantify basal cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve on basal/acetazolamide SPECT in assessment of the patients who underwent bypass surgery for linternal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients ($51{\pm}15$ years) with ICA stenosis were enrolled. Tc-99m-HMPAO basal/acetazolamide perfusion SPECT was peformed before and after bypass surgery. After spatia1 and count normalization to cerebellum, basal cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve were compared with 21 age-matched normal controls and postoperative changes of regional blood flow and reserve were assessed by Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Mean pixel values of each brain region were calculated using probabilistic anatomical map of lobes. Perfusion reserve was defined as the % changes after acetazolamide over basal counts. Results: Preoperative cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve were significantly decreased in involved ICA territory, comparing with normal control (p<0.05). Postoperative improvement of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve was observed in grafted ICA territories, but cerebrovasculr reserve remained with significant difference with normal control. Improvement of the cerebrovascular reserve was most prominent in the superior temporal and the angular gyrus, nearest to the anastomosis sites. Conclusion: Using SPM quantification method on hasal/acetazolamide Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT, the cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve could be assessed before revascularization and so could the efficacy of the bypass surgery.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-159
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• 2008

Geochemical analysis of the various kinds of water including observation borehole groundwater was carried out for the assessment of the hydrological safety of the underground oil storage cavern and the potentiality of mineralogical and microbiological clogging was estimated. Most of water samples belonged to $Ca-HCO_3$ and $Ca-HCO_3-SO_4$ types. There was no distinct chemical difference in the various kinds of water. All kinds of water are undersaturated with the calcite which is the major clogging mineral. Most water samples have low Fe and Mn concentrations. However, they are saturated or oversaturated with the iron-oxide/hydroxide minerals and have high dissolved oxygen contents which suggests the possibility of clogging by the iron-oxide/hydroxide minerals as a long-term aspect. Several water samples from the ground observation borehole also show the high saturation indices far the clay minerals, which can fill up the fractures, indicating the possibility of clogging by the clay minerals. Statistical analysis shows the degree of mineral precipitation or dissolution is mainly controlled by pH, Eh and DO of water samples. According to the microbial analysis, the aerobic microbes and slime forming bacteria are dominant in most water samples and anaerobic microbes including sulfate reducing bacteria are very low or not detected. Although the slime forming bacteria which are known as a main microbial cause of the clogging is lower than $10^5\;CFUs/mL$ in all water samples, because the slime forming bacteria are dominant microbe in several observation boreholes, the clogging can be caused by it as a long-term aspect. In addition, the possibility of clogging can be increased if the microbial effect is combined with the mineralogical effect such as iron oxide/hydroxide minerals for the possibility of clogging. Therefore, the systematic and long-term program for the assessment of clogging is required for the safe operation of underground oil storage cavern.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1235-1247
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• 2013

This study is to evaluate the climate change impact on future storage behavior of Chungju dam($2,750{\times}10^6m^3$) and the regulation dam($30{\times}10^6m^3$) using SWAT(Soil Water Assessment Tool) model. Using 9 years data (2002~2010), the SWAT was calibrated and validated for streamflow at three locations with 0.73 average Nash-Sutcliffe model Efficiency (NSE) and for two reservoir water levels with 0.86 NSE respectively. For future evaluation, the HadCM3 of GCMs (General Circulation Models) data by scenarios of SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios) A2 and B1 of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) were adopted. The monthly temperature and precipitation data (2007~2099) were spatially corrected using 30 years (1977~2006, baseline period) of ground measured data through bias-correction, and temporally downscaled by Change Factor (CF) statistical method. For two periods; 2040s (2031~2050), 2080s (2071~2099), the future annual temperature were predicted to change $+0.9^{\circ}C$ in 2040s and $+4.0^{\circ}C$ in 2080s, and annual precipitation increased 9.6% in 2040s and 20.7% in 2080s respectively. The future watershed evapotranspiration increased up to 15.3% and the soil moisture decreased maximum 2.8% compared to baseline (2002~2010) condition. Under the future dam release condition of 9 years average (2002~2010) for each dam, the yearly dam inflow increased maximum 21.1% for most period except autumn. By the decrease of dam inflow in future autumn, the future dam storage could not recover to the full water level at the end of the year by the present dam release pattern. For the future flood and drought years, the temporal variation of dam storage became more unstable as it needs careful downward and upward management of dam storage respectively. Thus it is necessary to adjust the dam release pattern for climate change adaptation.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2019

This study aimed to compare the prosodic characteristics of North Korean defectors and South Koreans in three types of sentences (declarative, interrogative, and negative) in two reading tasks (short and dialogue) through acoustic analysis and auditory-perceptual evaluation. In addition, this study examined the relationship between the auditory-perceptual evaluation scores and self-assessment questionnaires on intonation for North Korean defectors. The participants were 15 North Korean defectors and 15 Korean speakers with standard Seoul accents. For statistical analysis, three-way mixed ANOVA and multivariate analysis were performed within the three types of sentences in the reading tasks through acoustic analysis and the Mann-Whitney U Test for auditory-perceptual evaluation. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were also used to identify the correlations between the results of the self-assessment questionnaire on intonation and the auditory-perceptual evaluation. The North Korean defectors were found to have a significantly lower pitch range and auditory-perceptual evaluation score than South Koreans in reading tasks. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between their auditory-perceptual evaluations and self-assessment questionnaires on intonation. The study findings suggest that North Korean defectors, who face many challenges with intonation, showed a tendency to think that their intonation differed from the standard Korean intonation and showed better auditory evaluation results for interrogative sentences.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2024

To analyse the relationship between above-ground carbon stocks, species diversity and broadleaved forests structural diversity of South Korean forests, we collected vegetation inventories from environmental impact assessment projects over the past 10 years. The available data were selected and organised including tree species, DBH and area each projects. The data was classified by forest type, aboveground carbon stocks were calculated and compared, and the correlation between aboveground carbon stocks and biodiversity and structural diversity was analysed. The results showed that above-ground carbon stocks were higher in mixed forests and broadleaved forests and lower in needleleaved forests, similar to previous studies. However aboveground carbon stocks of mixed forests were higher in natural forests than in plantations. Aboveground carbon stocks in broadleaved forests were higher in plantations than natural forests, and there was no statistical different of between natural and plantations in needleleaved forest. This could be the result of a variety influences including biological and environmental factors in the study area, and further research is needed to analyse the effects on carbon sequestration. Correlation analysis showed no correlation between biodiversity and above-ground carbon stocks, but a positive correlation between structural diversity and above-ground carbon stocks. This indicates that above-ground carbon stocks in forests are associated with unevenness diameters and the proportion and evenness of tree species by diameter. In addition, it has been analysed that the high succession stages in forest have higher species diversity and structural diversity, and greater efficiency in the utilization of resources required for plant growth, leading to increased plant productivity and storage. Considering that the study sites were young forests with an average DBH of 14.8~23.7 cm, it is expected that carbon stocks will increase as biodiversity and structural diversity increase. Further research is needed to develop techniques to quantitatively assess the relationship of diversity to carbon stocks for policy use in assessing and increasing carbon stocks in forests.