• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

Typhoon Lusa in 2002 and Typhoon Maemi in 2003 caused the worst damage of landslide and debris flow to Gangwon-do. This damage includes severe damage in riverside road. The damage register indicates that this damage is concentrated on mountain areas in Gangwon-do. In recent years, the studies on GIS application to predicting landslide and debris flow have been progressing actively. Landslide risk map managed by The Forest Service is the representative one. In this study, we generated landslide and debris flow hazard maps using statistical analysis and deterministic analysis in Gangnung area where Typhoons caused severe damage to riverside roads. We built damage point GIS DB from damage registers of National Road Maintenance Agency and field survey, and verified accuracy of landslide and debris flow hazard maps using GIS methods.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2006

Benzo[a]pyrene is a representative ecotoxicant in marine environment and a model compound of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which has an ability to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. This study aimed to identify molecular biomarkers suitable for assessing environmental pollution using a microarray technique. We examined the effects of benzo[a]pyrene on gene expressions in the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. We constructed the subtractive cDNA library with hepatic RNA from benzo[a]pyrene-exposed and non-exposed control fish. From the library 10,000 candidate clones were selected randomly and cDNA microarray was constructed. We determined benzo[a]pyrene-responsive genes using a high-density microarray. Statistical analysis showed that approximately 400 genes are significantly induced or reduced by benzo[a]pyrene treatment ($2\;{\mu}m$). Especially gene expression changes of 4 candidate clones among the up- or down-regulated genes were investigated in 6, 12 and 24 hr BaP-exposed fish groups. Many methods have been developed to monitor marine environmental status, which depend on quantifying the levels of the toxic components in polluted seawater or on ecological accessing, such as species diversity or richness. However, those methods could not provide information on physiological or genetic changes induced by such environmental stresses. Comparing with the conventional methods, these data will propose that benzo[a]pyrene-responsive genes can be useful for biological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on marine organism at molecular level.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 2016

This study is intended to research workers' health, diet and the demand of nutrition education service in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. We implemented the survey from September 2012 through August 2013, and analyzed the data from 589 workers' questionnaires out of 890. For the analysis of the compiled data, we utilized the SPSS version 18.0 statistical package program. The study showed that majority of the workers participated in the survey consisted of 447 male (75.9%) and 142 female (24.1%). BMI showed that these men were overweight ($24.5{\pm}2.72$) and women were normal weight ($22.2{\pm}2.70$). Participants often diagnosed with hypertension or hyperlipidemia. In terms of health status, 34.5% answered satisfactory, the most concerned illness was high blood pressure, and the bad eating habits were often associated with general overeating and excessive intake of salt. 65.5% of participants had a meal three times per day. 49.4% of male participants had a meal less than 15 minutes and 66.2% of female participants had a meal between 15 and 30 minutes. The average of workers who needed to nutrition education is 3.74+0.85. The most desired way of learning was through counseling (36.7%), with overweight and weight management identified as the most interested topics. A relatively high portion (80%) passed the nutrition knowledge assessment test. According to the survey the highest rate of full-time employment is 85.2% which showed in small work places (the number of people on meal plan was 100~300), however the lowest rate of full-time employment showed 70.0% in large workplaces (the number of people on meal plan was within 1,000).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.4031-4035
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most feared diseases among women and it could induce the development of psychological disorders like anxiety and depression. An assessment was here performed of the status and to determine contributory factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among breast cancer patients at University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur. A total of 205 patients who were diagnosed between 2007 until 2010 were interviewed using the questionnaires of Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS). The associated factors investigated concerned socio-demographics, socio economic background and the cancer status. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used for the statistical test analysis. Results: The prevalence of anxiety was 31.7% (n=65) and of depression was 22.0% (n=45) among the breast cancer patients. Age group (p= 0.032), monthly income (p=0.015) and number of visits per month (p=0.007) were significantly associated with anxiety. For depression, marital status (p=0.012), accompanying person (p=0.041), financial support (p-0.007) and felt burden (p=0.038) were significantly associated. In binary logistic regression, those in the younger age group were low monthly income were 2 times more likely to be associated with anxiety. Having less financial support and being single were 3 and 4 times more likely to be associated with depression. Conclusions: In management of breast cancer patients, more care or support should be given to the young and low socio economic status as they are at high risk of anxiety and depression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3943-3947
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• 2012

Objective: Findings for associations between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C gene polymorphism and head and neck cancer risk have been conflicting. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise relationship. Methods: Ten published case-control studies were collected and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and head and neck cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment also were performed to guarantee the statistical power. Results: Overall, no significant association between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and head and neck cancer risk was found in this meta-analysis (C vs. A: OR=1.04, 95%CI=0.87-1.25, P=0.668, Pheterogeneity<0.001; CC vs. AA: OR=1.07, 95%CI=0.70-1.65, P=0.748, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$; AC vs. AA: OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.88-1.27, P=0.565, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$; CC+AC vs. AA: OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.86-1.30, P=0.571, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$; CC vs. AA+AC: OR=1.02, 95%CI=0.69-1.52, P=0.910, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$). Similar results were also been found in succeeding analysis of HWE and stratified analysis of ethnicity. Conclusion: In conclusion, our meta-analysis demonstrates that MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may not be a risk factor for developing head and neck cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

Objectives: The overuse of the Internet among adolescents has increased dramatically in recent years, leading to pathological or problematic Internet use. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is known to be effective for the treatment of problematic Internet use, particularly for adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of group CBT for problematic Internet use in adolescents. Methods: A total of 17 patients aged 12-17 years who met Young's diagnostic questionnaire criteria of problematic Internet use participated in a school-based eight-session group CBT program. The level of problematic Internet use among participating students was measured using Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). Depression and anxiety levels were evaluated using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. Each construct was assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at a one-month follow-up visit. Statistical significance was based on a p-value of <0.05. Results: Immediately after the program, the IAS, CDI, and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scores were significantly lower than before the program. At the one-month follow-up assessment, the IAS scores remained low, and the CDI and SAI scores were even lower than immediately after the program. Conclusion: Group CBT was effective for adolescents with problematic Internet use, and was also demonstrated to improve depression and anxiety.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2008

In this paper, a digital inclinometer to measure the angle and acceleration signals of subject laid on Roll was designed. The designed system consists of a tilt sensor, biaxial accelerometer, single chip microprocessor and Bluetooth module. The designed digital inclinometer was easy to handle and to wear. To evaluate the performance of the system, we measured simultaneously the angle and acceleration signals from the 3 subjects on the Roll using two instruments which are ZEBRIS and designed system. The measured signals were processed by statistical method and then the correlation coefficient of 0.93 was shown. From the results, the designed digital inclinometer is shown to be useful in assessment of body movement.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1944-1950
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• 2014

Employment of a time consuming, sophisticated calculation using the all-atom force field and generalized-Born implicit solvent model (GBIS) for refinement of NMR structures has become practical through advances in computational methods and capacities. GBIS refinement improves the qualities of the resulting NMR structures with reduced computational times. However, the contribution of GBIS to NMR structures has not been sufficiently studied in a quantitative way. In this paper, we report the effects of GBIS on the refined NMR structures of ubiquitin (UBQ) and GB1 with subsets of distance restraints derived from experimental data. Random omission prepared a series of distance restraints 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 times smaller. For each number, we produced five different restraints for statistical analysis. We then recalculated the NMR structures using CYANA software, followed by GBIS refinements using the AMBER package. GBIS improved both the precision and accuracy of all the structures, but to varied levels. The degrees of improvement were significant when the input restraints were insufficient. In particular, GBIS enabled GB1 to form an accurate structure even with distance restraints of 5%, revealing that the root-mean-square deviation was less than 1 ${\AA}$ from the X-ray backbone structure. We also showed that the efficiency of searching the conformational space was more important for finding accurate structures with the calculation of UBQ with 5% distance restraints than the number of conformations generated. Our data will provide a meaningful guideline to judge and compare the structural improvements by GBIS.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 1998

Nutrition during childhood is essential for growth and maintenance of health. Good food habits developed during the childhood will contribute both to the healthy growth and the prevention of the degenerative disease of later life. Both parents and the providers in child care centers play an important role for children's good eating behavior. Therefore all child care programs should achieve recommended standards for meeting children's nutritional and educational needs in a safe, sanitary, and supportive environment to promote the healthy growth and development of children. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the foodservice management practices and assess the needs for a Central Production Unit by contacting the child care center' providers. This approach was achieved using a variety of qualitative and quantitative information including the general foodservice management practices and the needs for a Central Production Unit. An indepth face-to-face interview with structured-questionnaires was undertaken at 32 representative child-care centers in Seoul. Statistical data analysis was done using the SAS program for descriptive analysis and ANOVA. The number of national/public and private sectors were 11 respectively, followed by 10 licensed home day-care centers. Total average number of children in child-care centers was 54.3 $\pm$48.5. The foodservice productivity index in child-care centers was 4.8 minutes per meal for public child care centers, 6.0 for private child-care centers, and 9.8 for home child care centers. Home child care centers were found to have the lowest productivity index which indicated inefficient foodservice practice. The important factors in group purchasing were menus(39.6%) or close distance(39.6%) > type of foodservice operation(32.8%) > total number of meals(19.9%) > food costs(16.2%) in order. Average score of the efficiency for central food production in child-care centers was 3.80 $\pm$0.84 out of 5.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 2006

More than 95% of lead, a environmental heavy metal, entering into blood accumulates in erythrocytes suggesting erythrocytes as an important target of lead toxicity. Recent studies reported that erythrocytes could contribute to blood coagulation via phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in erythrocytes. However, in vivo effects of chronic lead exposure especially by drink-ing water on procoagulant activity of erythrocytes have not been studied yet. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure of lead by drinking water on erythrocytes in rats. Groups of 40 male rats were provided with drinking water containing various concentrations of lead for 4 weeks and complete blood cell count, procoagulant activities of erythrocytes and platelets were evaluated with basic inspections on body weight and food/water consumption. The administration of lead containing drinking water increased the blood lead level (BLL) in a dose-dependent manner up to $22.39{\pm}2.26\;{\mu}g/dL$. Water consumption was significantly decreased while food consumption or body weight gain was not affected. In contrast to the previous findings with acute lead exposure, chronic lead exposure failed to increase PS exposure in erythrocytes with statistical significance although some trends of enhancement were observed. It implies that a certain adaptation might have happened in body during repeated exposure to lead, resulting in attenuation of PS exposure. With this study, we believe that a valuable information was provided for the study on the toxicological significance and the risk assessment of lead contaminated drinking water.