• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the correlations between gait, static balance, and pelvic inclination in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS: Twenty-two chronic stroke patients were included in this study. The subjects participated in gait, static balance, and pelvic inclination tests. In the gait measurement, the cadence and gait velocity were measured, and the average of three trials was calculated and recorded. The static balance was measured using a force platform. The data was captured for ten seconds, and five successful trials were recorded. Pelvic inclination in the sagittal plane was measured using a palpation meter. For data processing, a KolmogorovSmirnov test was used to determine the type of distribution for all variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. The correlations among the gait, static balance, and pelvic inclination was calculated. The level of significance was .05. RESULTS: Significant negative correlations were observed between the gait variables (cadence, velocity) and static balance variables (COP path length, COP average velocity, and 95% confidence ellipse area) (p < .05). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between pelvic inclination and gait or between the pelvic inclination and static balance variables. CONCLUSION: Significant correlations were observed between the gait function and static balance. On the other hand, there were no significant correlations between the pelvic inclination and gait and static balance. These results suggest that the pelvic inclination is not an important consideration for increasing the gait function and static balance.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.2354-2358
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• 2021

Background: Stroke is a neurological disorder characterized by an impaired static balance. A change in poor posture after stroke may worsen static balance. The balance control through an upright posture may include kinesiology taping of the middle back. Objectives: To investigated the effect of kinesiology taping of middle back on static balance in patients with stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 10 patients with stroke were divided into two groups. The experimental and control groups received kinesiology taping and placebo taping of the middle back, respectively. After 24 h, static balance (i.e., sway area and path length) was measured in closed eyes condition. Results: The experimental group (kinesiology taping group) showed a significant decrease in sway area and path length after the intervention. In addition, kinesiology taping group showed a significant decrease in sway area and path length compared to the control group. Conclusion: Kinesiology taping of the middle back can improve static balance in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify influence that eye movement have an effect on postural control and balance performance by plegia side of the impaired patients of central nervous system. Subjects are patients with the impairment of central nervous system and experimental and control groups are forty people and thirty people seperatively, Total subjects were selected to seventy persons, but twelve persons of experimental group quit during the experimental periods and eight persons of control group did not measure after exercise. Therefore, twenty eight persons of experimental group and twenty two persons of control group were selected in this study and experimental group peformed eye movement for eight weeks according to the exercise program of this study. The measurement of dependent variable is right static balance, left static balance, bilateral static balance, and bilateral dynamic balance before exercise and after eighth week of exercise, examiner again measured and analyzed the results. The results were as follows: 1. As the result of comparing balance performance ability after test of the experimental and control group with right hemiplegia and control group, all of static balance performance ability of right side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of left side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.01), dynamic balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.05) of experimental group were statistically greater improved than those of the control group. 2. As the result of comparing balance performance ability after test of the experimental and control group with left hemiplegia and control group, all of static balance performance ability of right side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of left side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.05), dynamic balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.05) of experimental group were statistically greater improved than those of the control group.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to compare light touch, two-point discrimination, position sense, and static balance ability and to examine the relationship of static balance ability and different senses in those who are wearing various heights of high-heeled shoes. Each 29 women was classified two different heights (below 3 cm, above 7 cm) by experience in wearing shoes. A t-test was used to determine the differences between low- and high-heeled shoe in light touch, two-point discrimination, position sense, and static balance ability. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship of static balance ability to these sensation. The results were as follows: 1) No significant differences in average light touch, position sense between two groups were found(p>0.05). But significant differences in average two-point discrimination, static balance ability were found(p<0.05). 2) Static balance ability was not significantly correlated with light touch, position sense, two-point discrimination(p>0.05). The results suggest that long time experience in wearing high-heeled shoe may be caused local sensory change and decreased static balance ability. Even though, static balance ability was not significantly affected but correlated with two-point discrimination, position sense, and light touch in order.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of visual block (eyes open or closed), mental task type, and participation in an exercise program on static balance in the elderly. The subjects were 34 elderly (>65 years old) residents of a social welfare institute in Gyeonggi-do. We measured the following variables. Berg balance scale, mini mental state examination, balance performance monitor (sway area, path, and maximal sway velocity), age, weight, height and whether the subject participated in an exercise program. Scores for the Berg balance scale and mini mental state examination were evaluated to assess static balance ability either alone (single task paradigm) or while performing a mental task (dual task paradigm). Static balance variables that were measured included sway area, path, and maximal sway velocity. Each test was repeated three times. Multiple regressions analysis was used to examine the effect of each variable on static balance ability. For the dual task paradigm, static balance was affected by whether the subject participated in an exercise program. The Berg balance scale score for subjects with their eyes open was affected by whether they participated in an exercise program, while this variable in addition to the height and weight of subjects were determining variables in subjects with their eyes closed. As a result, whether subjects participated in an exercise program affected their static balance irrespective of whether their eyes open or closed. Therefore, regular exercise is recommended for elderly people and further research is needed to examine the relationship between static and dynamic balance while performing mental tasks such as cognition and attention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.105-109
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ankle dual task including motor training on the static balance, dynamic balance in the elderly. METHODS: 30 elderly people were randomly divided into 3 groups: 10 people in the single motor task group, 10 people in the double motor dual task group and 10 people in the motor-cognitive dual task group. In the double motor dual tasks group was performed ankle balance motor task additional motor task. Motor-cognitive dual task group was performed ankle balance motor task additional cognitive task. Single motor task group was performed ankle balance motor task. It was performed three times intervention a week for six weeks. Statistical analysis method was performed using one way ANOVA for comparison between groups, and the paired t-test was used for comparison pre and post intervention. RESULTS: Static and dynamic balance were significant differences between pre and post intervention by three groups (p<.05). In static balance, there was a significant difference among groups (p<.05), but there was not a significant difference between groups in dynamic balance (p>.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the research, the ankle balance dual task including motor or cognitive task was more effective than single motor task on static balance in the elderly.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensory stimulation for static balance on normal children. Sensory input was consisted of colors, and music tempo stimulation. Methods : Participants were consisted of 20 normal kindergarten children ranging in age from six to seven years. The static balance was tested by a BPM(Balance Performance Monitor). In this study one-way ANOVA was used and the statistical significance level of results was determined at 0.05. Results : 1. According to color stimulation, there was no significant difference in static balance among red, yellow, green(p>0.05). 2. According to music tempo stimulation, there was no significant difference in static balance, among the high music tempo and low music tempo children in a general environment(p>0.05). 3. However, both green color and low music tempo stimulation have a little effect on static balance on normal children. Conclusion : These results indicate the possibility that the application method of green color and low music tempo stimulation may help in the improvement of static balance for the disabled children. This study will be used as the foundational data of therapeutic environment for the disabled children.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the virtual reality-based squat and conventional squat exercise. Methods : Twenty four participants were randomly assigned to the virtual reality-based squat (VRS) group (n=12) or conventional squat (CS) group (n=12). The static balance (C90 area, C90 angle, trace length, sway average velocity) and dynamic balance (forward, rearward, leftward, rightward) were measured using a force plate by BT4. The VRS group used the virtual reality system during 4 weeks, while the CS group underwent classical squat training. Independent t-test was used to test the homogeneity of the general characteristics of the subjects. The collected data was analyzed using the paired t-test for static and dynamic balance comparisons before and after exercise in both groups and Pearson's test for the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the measured time. The significance level was set to 0.05. Results : There was no significant correlation between group and static and dynamic balance related variables (p>.05). There was a significant correlation between measurement time and static and dynamic balance related variables (p<.05). According to the measurement time, the static balance parameter C90 area in the VRS group after exercise was significantly decreased (p<.05). The values of forward, leftward and rightward in the VRS group were significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : It is suggested that 20 normal healthy adult men and women who have normal balance ability can improve their ability to control their posture by improving the balance ability when applying virtual reality-based squat exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.328-332
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the static balance ability of patients with back pain. Methods: The subjects comprised of 30 males and females in their 20s, who were divided into two groups with and without tDCS. The balance posture ratio score was calculated to determine the changes in balance ability before and after the application of tDCS using balance equipment. A paired t-test was conducted to determine the changes over time, and an independent t-test was performed to determine the changes between the groups. The significance level was set to ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: A significant difference in the changes in the static balance ability of CTDCSG between before and after applying tDCS was observed while the subjects' eyes were open (p<0.05). A comparison between the groups after the experiments revealed significantly increased changes in CTDCSG compared to STDCSE (p<0.05). The changes in static balance ability were not significant when the subjects' eyes were closed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The application of tDCS positively changed the static balance ability of patients with back pain. The results of this study showed that tDCS could be used as an intervention to increase the static balance ability of patients with back pain in the clinical field. The study results could be used further as foundational data for future studies on tDCS.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to apply kinesiology taping and dynamic taping to subjects with ankle instability and to find out the change of static balance and dynamic balance ability and to use it more usefully in daily life. Methods : The subjects were based on 30 Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool questionnaire scores of 24 or less, and were randomly assigned to the kinesiology taping group (n=15) and the dynamic taping group (n=15) to change the static balance and dynamic balance before and after taping Measured. The eyes were closed for 30 seconds and the average balance was measured three times through the Wii balance board in static balance, and the balance ability was evaluated by measuring functional reach test and star excursion balance test in dynamic balance. Results : As a result, the static balance showed significant results in the dynamic speed and the moving distance in the dynamic taping group (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in the shaking area and the difference in the kinesiology taping group (p<.05) However, both groups showed significant differences in dynamic balance (p<.05). Conclusion : It was confirmed that the application of taping was effective for static and dynamic balance in subjects with ankle instability, and the application of dynamic taping was more effective than kinesiology taping.