• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.107-118
• /
• 2007

Statement of problem: Implant-type distractor uses a removable distraction device that has an appearance similar to that of a dental implant and utilizes many of the same techniques for placement as are used for dental implants. Material and method: In this study, 48 implant type titanium distractors were inserted into the osteotomized alveolar bone of 12 beagle dogs. After a 7-day latency period, the alveolar bone was augmented by 5mm vertically at a rate of 1.0 mm/day. The dogs were sacrificed after 4weeks, 8weeks and 12 weeks for radiographic, histologic, and histomorphometric analysis. Result: Copper equivalent value showed significant difference between 4 weeks and the other weeks(8, 12 weeks)(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference between maxillary and mandibular groups. In the bone to metal contact analysis, there was a significant difference between 4 weeks and 12 weeks(p<0.05). On the contrary, there was no significant difference between maxilla and mandible. The bone area showed significantly higher values in 12 weeks compared to 4 weeks(p<0.05). Histologically mineralization began at the host bone margins. At 12 weeks, increasing accumulation of $Ca^{++}$ element was confirmed. Conclusion: From the results above, the new bone formation was increased according to consolidation period. Especially there was significant difference between 4 weeks and 12 weeks(p<0.05). Implant type distractors used in this study to augment vertical ridge defect may prove to be a clinically useful treatment option in selected cases.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.1671-1680
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 농촌지역의 모유수유 실태를 파악하고 이에 영향을 미치는 관련 요인을 살펴보고자 하였다. 2012년 3월 20일부터 4월 19일까지 울산광역시 울주군의 보건소 및 보건지소와 어린이집을 다니는 60개월 미만의 영유아를 둔 어머니 139명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS Win 18.0 프로그램을 이용하였고 영역별 분석은 평균과 표준편차, 다중회귀분석으로 통계적 진술하였다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 모유수유에 영향을 미치는 관련 요인으로는 어머니의 직장유무, 산전 모유수유 교육 여부, 생후 1개월에 완전모유수유 유무가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 지속적인 완전모유수유율을 높이기 위해서는 분만 전 병의원이나 보건소 등을 통한 교육의 실시, 직장 여성에게는 출산휴가나 육아휴직 사용 등으로 인한 불이익이 없는 지역사회 환경이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.816-821
• /
• 2019

본 논문은 연구지원의 중추역할을 수행하고 있는 R&D 평가센터의 기능과 역할에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있는 가운데, 효율적이고 효과적인 연구지원을 위해서는 평가센터의 물리적 공간에 대한 건축적인 평가와 처방을 다루고 있다. 이를 위해서 각 분야의 국내 연구자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 도출된 결과를 토대로 주차공간 부족은 지하 1,2층 주차장을 설치하여 주차난을 해소하고, 지상층에는 컨벤션센터, 통합전산센터, 심사평가장, 심사대기실, 휴게실, 심사평가위원휴게실을 설치하여 R&D연구정보·평가를 위한 공간을 확보함으로써, R&D연구정보·평가의 기능에 맞는 공간을 제시하고 있다. 구체적으로 3~5층은 중소형심사평가장, 대기실, 휴게실, 2층은 화상심사평가장, 심사평가장, 대기실, 교류 및 소통의 장, 휴게실, 1층은 컨벤션센터, 소회의실, 통합전산센터, 지하1층은 주차장과 계획서 및 보고서 접수창고, 지하2층은 기계전기실, 주차장으로 구성하였다. 한편 본 연구의 목적은 R&D평가센터의 공간과 시설에 대한 사용자 관점의 진단을 통해 문제점 및 수요를 도출하고, 가상공간을 활용하여 연구정보 관리와 학술연구 평가에 최적화된 R&D평가센터 신축의 기본계획을 수립한 후, 해당 시설의 건축적 타당성을 검증하는데 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.524-534
• /
• 2004

Statement of problem: The meaning of the beauty has a little different nature according to a time, culture, and nation. Purpose : This study was undertaken to estimate the geometric esthetic criteria for Korean woman by analysis of facial photograph in a smiling. Material and methods: The facial photographs of 678 Korean beautiful woman were collected from Miss Korea candidates(from 1971 to 2003 year). The dento-facial composition was measured and analyzed geometrically on computer monitor using $Adobe^{(R)}$ $Photoshop^{(R)}$ 7.0. The statistical significance of the differences among the 4 decade groups was estimated by a $x^2$ test. Result : The Korean beautiful woman skewed the geometric characteristics such as the 'coincidence' (83.0%) between facial midline and dental midline, the 'normal' (96.9%) alignment and arrangement of upper anterior teeth. the 'average' (79.1%) position and 'upward' (53.4%) curvature of upper lip, the 'parallel' (85.7%) relationship between the lower lip and upper anterior incisal curvature, the 'touching' (49.9%) and 'not-touching' (44.8%) relationship between upper anterior incisor and towel lip, the 'first premolar' (54.1%) and 'second premolar' (38.9%) displayed in a smile, and the 'symmetry' (89.4%) of smile. There was statistical significance among the 4 decades in the respect of the upper lip curvature, the relationship between upper anterior incisor and lower lip, and the most posterior teeth displayed in a smile (p<0.05). Conclusion : The Korean beautiful woman showed similar results to the western esthetic criteria in the some respects and the tendency that the Korean woman had more active smiling recently.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2001

Statement of problem. There have been previous studies about instability according to screw material by means of calculating preload in tightening screw or recording of the torque necessary to loosen screw after tightening screw. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate screw joint stability through the analysis of fitness at the mating thread surfaces between implant and screw after tightening screws made of different materials. Material and methods. In this study, screws were respectively used to secure a cemented abutment to a hexlock implant fixture; teflon coated titanium alloy screw and titanium alloy screw(Steri-Oss), gold-plated gold-palladium alloy screw and titanium alloy screw(Implant Innovation), gold screw and titanium screw(AVANA Dental Implant System). Each abutment screw was secured to the implant with recommended torque value using a digital torque controller. Each screw was again tightened after 10minutes. All samples were cross sectioned with sandpaper and polished. Then samples were evaluated with an scanning electron microscope analysis. Results. In titanium alloy screw, irregular contact and relatively large gap was present at mating thread surface. Also in teflon-coated titanium screw, incomplete seating and only partially contact was present at the mating thread surface. In gold-plated gold-palladium alloy screw, relatively close and tight contact without the presence of large gap was present by existing of gold coating at the mating thread surfaces. In gold alloy screw, relatively small gap between the mating components was seen. Conclusions. This result suggested that gold plated gold-palladium alloy screw and gold alloy screw achieved a greater degree of contact at the mating thread surfaces compared to titanium alloy screw and teflon-coated titanium alloy screw.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.724-734
• /
• 2007

Statement of problem. Translucency and masking effect of provisional crown and fixed partial denture materials is an important esthetic consideration. But, provisional resin materials differ substantially in their ability to mask underlying colors. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the translucency differences of provisional resin materials at various thicknesses and the correlation between the translucency and the masking efficiency. Material and methods. Two polymethyl methacrylate resins (Jet Tooth Shade, Alike) and three resin composites (Protemp 3 Garant, Luxatemp and Revotek LC) were used. Specimens (n=6) were fabricated from each material in 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 mm thickness. The CIELAB parameters of each specimens were measured using a spectrophotometer. The translucency parameter (TP) values and the masking effect $({\Delta}ME^*{_{ab}})$ values were computed and all data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the multiple comparisons Scheffe test. The correlation between the thickness and the TP values and the correlation between the thickness and the ${\Delta}ME^*{_{ab}}$ values were also evaluated by correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results. The TP values and the ${\Delta}ME^*{_{ab}}$ values were significantly related to the thickness in all specimens. The TP values were more sensitive to the change of thickness than the ${\Delta}ME^*{_{ab}}$ values. The order of the translucency by brand was different from the order of the masking effect by brand in all thickness groups. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, the translucency and masking effect of the provisional resin materials investigated were significantly related to their thickness. The masking effect of provisional resin was correlated with the translucency parameter, but the order of the masking effect by brand was different from the order of the translucency parameter.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.14-22
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to establish the basic-data set for the electronic nursing records system by analysis of nursing phenomenas and nursing actions described in nursing records of orthopedic patients using the ICNP. Nursing notes for 1.421 days of 97 orthopedics patients who were discharged from a tertiary teaching hospital in Daegu were used. Narrative data from the nursing notes were collected. decomposed. and cross mapped with the concepts of the ICNP beta version. In total 11.442 statements were found in the process of decomposing the narrative data into single statement. These statements consist of 3.970(34.70%) nursing phenomena statements. 6.996(61.14%) nursing action statements, and 476(4.16%) other statements. Finally 312 unique statements were collected by integrating same or similar statements. These statements consist of 120 (38.46%) nursing phenomena statements. 154 (49.36%) nursing action statements. and 38 (12.18%) other statements. When this result was cross mapped with ICNP beta version. 77.0% of nursing statements were completely expressed. 17.0% of them were partially expressed. and 0.3% of them were not able to expressed at all. The findings of this study showed the usability of ICNP as terminology of electronic nursing records system. And the result of this study can be utilized for an ICNP-based electronic nursing records system and can help clinical nurses to spend more time on direct nursing.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.637-654
• /
• 2011

The present paper studies the variation of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of rectangular plates carrying a three degree-of-freedom spring-mass system (subsystem), when the subsystem changes (stiffness, mass, moment of inertia, location). An analytical approach based on Lagrange multipliers as well as a finite element formulation are employed and compared. Numerically reliable results are presented for the first time, illustrating the convenience of using the present analytical method which requires only the solution of a linear eigenvalue problem. Results obtained through the variation of the mass, stiffness and moment of inertia of the 3-DOF system can be understood under the effective mass concept or Rayleigh's statement. The analysis of frequency values of the whole system, when the 3-DOF system approaches or moves away from the center, shows that the variations depend on each particular mode of vibration. When the 3-DOF system is placed in the center of the plate, "new" modes are found to be a combination of the subsystem's modes (two rotations, traslation) and the bare plate's modes that possess the same symmetry. This situation no longer exists as the 3-DOF system moves away from the center of the plate, since different bare plate's modes enable distinct motions of the 3-DOF system contributing differently to the "new' modes as its location is modified. Also the natural frequencies of the compound system are nearly uncoupled have been calculated by means of a first order eigenvalue perturbation analysis.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2017

Background: Despite our knowledge of the causes of cancer, millions of workers are involuntarily exposed to a wide range of known and suspected carcinogens in the workplace. To address this issue from a policy perspective, we developed a policy framework based on a prospective health policy analysis. Use of the framework was demonstrated for developing policies to prevent cancers associated with diesel engine exhaust (DEE), asbestos, and shift work, three occupational carcinogens with global reach and large cancer impact. Methods: An environmental scan of existing prospective health policy analyses was conducted to select and describe our framework parameters. These parameters were augmented by considerations unique to occupational cancer. Policy-related resources, predominantly from Canada, were used to demonstrate how the framework can be applied to cancers associated with DEE, asbestos, and shift work. Results: The parameters of the framework were: problem statement, context, jurisdictional evidence, primary prevention policy options, and key policy players and their attributes. Applying the framework to the three selected carcinogens illustrated multiple avenues for primary prevention, including establishing an occupational exposure limit for DEE, banning asbestos, and improving shift schedules. The framework emphasized the need for leadership by employers and government. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first proposal for a comprehensive policy framework dedicated to the primary prevention of occupational cancer. The framework can be adapted and applied by key policy players in Canada and other countries as a guide of what parameters to consider when developing policies to protect workers' health.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2007

자바 바이트코드는 다양한 장점을 갖지만. 실행속도가 느리고 분석이 어렵다는 단점이 존재한다. 따라서 네트워크와 같은 실행환경에서 효과적으로 실행되기 위해서는 최적화된 코드로 변환이 요구된다. 최적화된 코드로 변환하기 위해 CTOC가 구현되었다. CTOC는 기존의 바이트코드를 이용해서 CFG를 생성한 후 분석과 최적화를 위해 SSA Form을 생성하였다. 하지만 SSA Form으로 변환하는 과정에서 ${\phi}$-함수의 삽입으로 인해 노드의 개수가 늘어나는 현상이 발생하였다. 노드의 개수를 줄이기 위한 한 가지 방법으로 SSA Form에서 적용 가능한 최적화인 복사 전파를 수행하였다. 복사 전파란 하나의 변수 값이 다른 변수의 값으로 복사하는 과정이다. 복사 전파에 의한 변환은 변환 자체로는 큰 효과를 나타내지 못하는 경우가 존재하지만 이후 최적화 과정에서 변수가 사용되지 않는 경우 해당 변수에 대한 복사식을 제거할 수 있는 가능성을 제공하기 때문에 중요한 과정이다. 본 논문은 SSA Form에서 좀 더 최적화된 코드를 얻기 위한 복사 전파 수행을 보인다.