• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2004

Magnetic $T_{c}$ of composite superconductors has been studied for providing a standard method. Various magnetization-temperature curves of NbTi, $Nb_3$Sn and Bi-2223 wires were measured using a SQUID magnetometer. Magnetization-temperature curve of zero-field-cooled procedure showed larger values than fie Id-cooled procedure. To obtain higher resolution near the onset temperature, we employed a two-field-direction method which measures a magnetization-temperature curve of a specimen first in positive and then negative fields. Analytical comparison of the magnetic $T_{c}$, with the resistive T$_{c}$ was accomplished for three specimens. The magnetic $T_{c}$/ mettled showed more detailed information on superconducting state of a specimen than the resistive$T_{c}$/ method. We have also studied the field dependence of the magnetic $T_{c}$ from 5 Oe to 120 Oe, however, no significant difference on field strength was found in our three specimensns

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.730-744
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• 2006

The United States curriculum reform movement has recently started in each area of science education. The initiatives on curriculum reform stem from a notion that the low rate of science curricula offered in schools has been a serious problem. The schools in the United States are not only facing a lack of offerings within science curricula but also low enrollment in science courses, especially in physics, chemistry, and earth science. This trend resulted in low performances on international achievement tests including TIMSS and PISA. This paper introduces the efforts to solve existing problems through curriculum reform; including ChemCom, BioCom, EarthComm, and Active Physics. In this paper, a discussion is presented to show how the curricula can help address the status quo in science education. More specifically, this paper focuses on curriculum reform in high school earth science (EarthComm), providing a closer look at the scope and sequence of the reform movement. EarthComm was chosen because it was released based on the development of the National Science Education Standards (NRC, 1996). Consequently, EarthComm became a curriculum that espoused the visions of the Standards, which has been guiding the reform of the US curriculum. At the end of this paper, two research outcomes of the EarthComm curriculum implementation in schools are discussed in terms of student learning and differences from conventional curricula.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2015

Purpose -The purpose of this study was to review and analyze the four major journals of KODISA and all of their published articles of 2014 and to revise and update the existing publication standards and practices in order to improve the overall quality and reputation of these journals. Research design, data, and methodology - This study applied an analytical approach, a case study method, to analyze and examine the published articles and the publication standards and practices of four KODISA journals, JDS (1999), IJIDB (2010), EAJBM (2011), and JAFEB (2014), from their first publication. Results - In 2014, KODISA journals published a total of 171 papers - JDS (122), IJIDB and EAJBM (16 each), and JAFEB (17): 94 articles in general business and 77 articles in economics. Conclusions - KODISA journals continuously revised and updated their publication standards and practices and adopted technological support systems to enable its journals to remain independent and open access in order to ultimately become one of the world's reputable journals.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2014

Airtightness standards using fan pressurization method are normally used for measuring small buildings, detached houses, and apartment units. And, it is easy to conduct airtightness measurement through this fan pressurization method. However, it can be difficult to achieve accurate measurement results for the large buildings as the height and volume of the buildings have been increased. In this paper, we studied the principle of airtightness method by fan pressurization. And, we reviewed the measurement process described in ISO 9972, EN 13829, ASTM E779, ATTMA TS 1, CAN/CGSB 149.15, and JIS A 2201. Then, we categorized the methods' items according by air flow rate (Q) and pressure difference(${\Delta}P$). As a result, we made a comparison analysis on the measurement methods appeared in each standards. And, we achieved 5 test conditions about air flow rate and pressure difference to state requirements for large buildings airtightness measurement.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.40-45
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• 2019

The smart factory has developed with the help of several technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, big data, smart sensors and communication protocols. The Internet of things(IOT) among communication protocols has become the key factor for the seamless integration of various manufacturing equipment. Therefore, it is important that the IOT cooperate with the standards of communication protocols proposed by the SEMI in the semiconductor industry. In this paper, we suggest a novel reference model of the communication protocols for semiconductor equipment by introducing an IOT service layer. With the IOT service layer, we can use the functions and the additional services provided by the IOT standards that give the inter-operability between factory machines and host computers. We implement the standard of the communication protocols for semiconductor equipment with the IOT service layer by using ns3 simulator. It concludes that it is necessary to provide the platform for the IOT service layer to deploy efficiently the proposed reference model of the communication protocols.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.133-151
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• 2023

This paper first provides a wide overview about the design codes and standards covering the use of Computational Wind Engineering / Computational Fluid Dynamics (CWE/CFD) for wind-sensitive structures and built environment. Second, the paper sets out the basic assumptions and underlying concepts of the new Annex T "Simulations by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD/CWE)" of the revised version "Guide for the assessment of wind actions and effects on structures" issued by the Advisory Committee on Technical Recommendations for Constructions of the Italian National Research Council in February 2019 and drafted by the members of the Special Interest Group on Computational Wind Engineering of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering (ANIV-CWE). The same group is currently advising UNI CT021/SC1 in supporting the drafting of the new Annex K - "Derivation of design parameters from wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations" of the revised Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions. Finally, the paper outlines the subjects most open to development at the technical and applicative level.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.24-51
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• 2021

Since June 2006, there have been active efforts to systematize the permission system including the amendment of [Cultural Heritage Protection Act]. Cultural Heritage Administration prepared standards on reviewing each type of cultural heritages(CH) in 2015, promoted a project on the modification of permission standards and showed remarkable performances in quantitative aspects. But as there has been little change for the cases applied for permission, additional studies on policy are required to improve the management efficiency and reduce the citizens'inconvenience. In response, this study aims to identify the actual management status on the current state alteration permission system, and establish practically utilizable reference materials at permission review. While historic sites(HS) constitute a relatively small proportion in state-designated CHs, they are subject to the designation of permission standards. Also, with their location in the downtown area, the application rate is high (51.4%) and the results are commonly utilizable to other types of CH. We constructed a DB based on the minutes of Cultural Heritage Committee(CHC) on HS and categorized similar features in permission handling results. The result of the analysis is as follows. Out of a total of 5,243 cases for permission applied for HS, 1,734 cases of cultural heritage areas(CHA) and 3,509 cases of historic and cultural environment preservation areas(HCEPA) have been applied. CHA has a great proportion of the applications for events and festivals, which are highly related to CHs or representing the local area. There is a high permission rate on applications for the purpose of public service by local governments. Meanwhile, HCEPA has a high proportion of applying for the installation and extension of buildings and facilities at the private level. Thus, negative decisions were made for tall buildings, massed facilities, or suspected scattering of similar acts. Our actual condition analysis has identified a total of 78 types of harmful acts which may influence the preservation of CHs. 31 types in CHA and 37 types in HCEPA are categorized. Especially, 10 common types of permission have been confirmed in both sectors. As a result, it is expected to secure consistency in the permission administration, enhance the management efficiency and improve the public's satisfaction over the regulatory administration by providing practically utilizable reference materials for altering the current state of CH and for decision making on the part of CHC.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.321-340
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• 2011

In this article, the current technological state of OPC (Openness, Productivity, and Collaboration; formerly "OLE for Process Control") standards and the problem statement of these OPC standards are discussed. The development of an OPC clientserver framework for monitoring and control systems is introduced by using the new OPC Unified Architecture (UA) specifications, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), web services, XML, etc. The developed framework in turn minimizes the efforts of developers in learning new techniques and allows system architects and designers to perform dependency analysis on the development of monitoring and control applications. The potential areas of the proposed framework and the redundancy strategies to increase the efficiency and reliability of the system are also represented according to the initial results from the system that was developed by the Visual Studio 2008 and OPC UA SDK.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

Justeresos loops of melt-spun Nd13Fe77B10 cooled down at remanent state were measured at 4.2 K and 250 K. The hysteresis loops were analysed on the basis of the Stoner-Wohlfarth (S-W) model, the inter-grain exchange coupled single domain (SD) model and micromagnetism. The coercivity higher than that predicted from the S-W model and the striking shift of the thin minor loop along the H-axix observed at the fields of Hmax=4MA/m at 4.2 K indicated new evidences for the inter-grain exchange interaction . The S-W model failed in explaining the high iHc and the shift of the thin minor loop. The exchange coupled SD model was found to explain the experimental results qualitatively without difficulties associated with the S-W model. The micromagnetic calculations using a finite element technique simulated the experimental results fairly well quntitatively.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

The Japanese economy has been unstable since 1990. Economic instability and changes in working conditions have made the acquisition of housing and the improvement in housing standards difficult. Unstable working and habitation conditions have also spread, and the Nagoya Metropolitan Area is recognized as a traction community in the Japanese economy. This study employed existing statistics and helpline consultations in 2013 to clarify the state of housing poverty in the Nagoya Metropolitan Area. Moreover, it clarified the conditions for improvement in the housing standards for the low-income households, a regional gap, and reasons for the deteriorating housing levels of low-income households by investigating the "Housing and Land Survey." Furthermore, it clarified housing difficulties that do not appear in existing statistics by investigating the examples of "toll-free call consultations" in 2013.